TR
Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors
Abstract
This study discerned that prior to colonial intrusion conflicts existed in the African society, but usually in the context of conquest, expansionism or reassertion of supremacy. However, the advent of colonialism feasted on the existing primordial incongruities between ethnic groups; hence, seeded inter-ethnic consciousness as a divide and rule tactics for the advancement of their objectives in the usurped colonies. Following the fall of colonialism, the postcolonial African societies were built on unresolved/hibernated ethnic rivalries, which protruded and remained extant from the Cold War era hitherto. However, this study revealed that ethnic consciousness in Africa, such as that of Nigeria and Kenya, predates colonialism, but was exacerbated by the Cold War gladiators, and the postcolonial African leaders. Therefore, intra-intergroup conflicts in Africa are attributable to endogenous and exogenous factors. Central to the objective of this study is the advocation of mutual coexistence of ethnic groups in heterogenous societies such as Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon and other African states. In addition, the need for leaders to narrow horizontal inequalities which is a potential source of ethnoreligious consciousness which is obviously threatful to nation-building project. Frances Stewart (1998) framework of horizontal inequalities was adopted in this study in that it critically explicated how inequalities along primordial lines can be a threat to nation-building in a multicultural society. In addition, the theory of primordialism featured greatly in this study as it explains the inevitabilities of primordial loyalties in multi-ethnic nation-states. The findings of this study, coupled with the substantive frameworks adopted, points to the need that African nations should collate horizontal inequalities data nationally, in a bid to discern whether groups are proportionally represented or not in public offices. In addition, the need to deconstruct colonial constructions, to attenuate catalyst of conflict is sacrosanct to amicable coexistence and nation-building.
Keywords
References
- Bibliography Kohn, M. & Reddy, K., 2017. Colonialism. [Online] Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/ [Accessed 2 August 2020].
- Thakore, D. D., 2013. Conflict and Conflict Management. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 8(6), pp. 07-16.
- AHA, 2020. The Colonial and Pre-Colonial Eras in Nigeria. [Online] Available at: https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/through-the-lens-of-history-biafra-nigeria-the-west-and-the-world/the-colonial-and-pre-colonial-eras-in-nigeria [Accessed 2 September 2020].
- Mitchley, A., 2019. Khoisan chief camping at the Union Buildings, says smaller parties are the way to go. [Online] Available at: https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/khoisan-chief-camping-at-the-union-buildings-says-smaller-parties-are-the-way-to-go-20190428 [Accessed 3 August 2020].
- BAČOVÁ, V., 1998. THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY ñ ON PRIMORDIALISM AND INSTRUMENTALISM. Human Affairs, 8(1), pp. 29-43.
- Besley, T. & Reynal-Querol, M., 2014. The legacy of historical conflict: evidence from Africa. American Political Science Association, 108(02), pp. 319-336.
- Ogumola, M. C., 2010. A New Perspective to Oyo Empire History. 2nd ed. Oyo: Samuel Ayoade Performed Press.
- Allen, C. R., 2014. SHAKA ZULU’S LINKAGE OF STRATEGY AND TACTICS: AN EARLY FORM OF OPERATIONAL ART?. [Online] Available at: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a612214.pdf [Accessed 4 September 2020].
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Art and Literature
Publication Date
December 31, 2020
Submission Date
September 19, 2020
Acceptance Date
December 12, 2020
Published in Issue
Year 2020 Volume: 2 Number: 2
APA
Quadrı, L. A., & Oladejo, A. (2020). Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors. Akdeniz Havzası Ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 2(2), 122-141. https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF
AMA
1.Quadrı LA, Oladejo A. Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors. AKAF. 2020;2(2):122-141. https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF
Chicago
Quadrı, Lukman Adewale, and Ajibola Oladejo. 2020. “Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: A Critical Reflection on Indigenous and External Causal Factors”. Akdeniz Havzası Ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi 2 (2): 122-41. https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF.
EndNote
Quadrı LA, Oladejo A (December 1, 2020) Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors. Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi 2 2 122–141.
IEEE
[1]L. A. Quadrı and A. Oladejo, “Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors”, AKAF, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 122–141, Dec. 2020, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF
ISNAD
Quadrı, Lukman Adewale - Oladejo, Ajibola. “Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: A Critical Reflection on Indigenous and External Causal Factors”. Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi 2/2 (December 1, 2020): 122-141. https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF.
JAMA
1.Quadrı LA, Oladejo A. Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors. AKAF. 2020;2:122–141.
MLA
Quadrı, Lukman Adewale, and Ajibola Oladejo. “Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: A Critical Reflection on Indigenous and External Causal Factors”. Akdeniz Havzası Ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, Dec. 2020, pp. 122-41, https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF.
Vancouver
1.Lukman Adewale Quadrı, Ajibola Oladejo. Intra-Intergroup Conflicts in Africa: a critical reflection on indigenous and external causal factors. AKAF [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 1;2(2):122-41. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA78YZ73TF
