Celıac Dısease, Dıet And Functıonal Component

Abstract

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated chronic intestinal disease that causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa in genetically predisposed individuals, triggered by the consumption of gluten and related proteins. Destruction of villi in the intestines, disruption of the intestinal barrier, inflammation and resulting absorption problems are observed. The diagnosis of the disease is made based on small intestine biopsy, serological tests and histopathological findings. The only treatment method is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Diagnosed individuals must eliminate gluten and all foods containing gluten from their diet. For example, wheat, barley and rye products are among those prohibited in the diet. However, due to long-term use of a gluten-free diet, high calorie intake and deficiencies in certain nutrients are observed. Therefore, an individually applicable diet treatment that suits the patient's needs should be planned. This article aims to examine and review the definition, clinical findings, classification, diagnostic methods and dietary treatment of celiac disease. In order to obtain information about celiac disease and diet treatment, 60 scientific articles published between 1992 and 2023 were examined. Articles were searched and compiled using Google Scholar, PubMed, Yök Thesis Center databases.

Keywords

• Celıac Dısease
• Functional nutrition
• Gluten
• Gluten-free diet

Çölyak Hastalığı, Diyeti Ve Fonskiyonel Bileşimi

Öz

Çölyak genetik olarak yatkın bireylerde, gluten ve ilişkili proteinlerin tüketimi ile tetiklenerek intestinal mukozada atrofiyeye neden olan, immün aracılı kronik bağırsak hastalığıdır. Bağırsaklarda villusların harabiyeti, bağırsak bariyerinin bozulması, inflamasyon ve bunlara bağlı olarak emilim problemleri görülmektedir. Hastalığın tanısı; ince bağırsak biyopsisi, serolojik testler ve histopatolojik bulgular ile konulmaktadır. Tek tedavi yöntemi yaşam boyu glutensiz diyettir. Tanı almış bireyle- rin beslenmesinden gluten ve gluten içeren tüm gıdaları çıkarması gerekmektedir. Örneğin buğday, arpa, çavdar ürünleri diyette yasaklılar arasındadır. Fakat glutensiz diyetin uzun süre uygulanmasına bağlı olarak yüksek kalori alımı ve bazı besin öğe- lerinde eksiklikler görülmektedir. Bu nedenle hastanın ihtiyacına uygun, bireye özgü uygulanabilir bir diyet tedavisi planlanmalıdır. Bu makalede çölyak hastalığının tanımı, klinik bulguları, sınıflandırması, tanı yöntemleri ve diyet tedavisinin incelenmesi ve derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çölyak hastalığı ve diyet tedavi hakkında bilgi edinmek amacıyla 1992-2023 yıllarında yayınlan 60 bilimsel makale incelenmiştir. Makaleler Google Scholar, PubMed, Yök Tez Merkezi veri tabanları kullanılarak taranmış ve derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çölyak hastalığı
• Fonksiyonel beslenme
• Gluten
• Glutensiz diyet

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