Evrimsel Süreç Boyunca Ortaya Çıkan Çeşitli Propriyoseptörler

Öz

ÖZ Günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin yapılabilmesi için hareketin eşgüdümü elzemdir. Uzayda vücut pozisyon ve hareket duyusu olan propriyosepsiyon genellikle bilinçli değildir ve hareketin kontrolü için insanlarda kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Neredeyse tüm hareketli hayvanlarda vücudun kontrolü için propriyoseptif geri bildirime gereksinim duyulur. Son 500 milyon yılda omurgalılarda büyük bir çeşitlilikte uzuvların evrimleştiği gözlenmektedir. Doğada ekstremiteli hayvanların propriyoseptif duyuyla ilgili benzeşen kısıtlılıklara (seçilim baskılarına) maruz kalması benzer evrimsel çözümlere yol açmış olabilir. Bu kısıtlılıklar sonucu, farklı türlerde benzer özellikler gösteren kimi ortak bir atasal yapıdan evrimleşmiş, kimi ise evrim ağacının ayrı bir dalında farklı bir süreç (konvergent evrim) sonucu gelişmiş çeşitli propriyoseptörlere rastlanmaktadır. Balıklardaki homolog propriyoseptif yapıların keşfi propriyoseptif duyunun sudaki yaşamdan karasal yaşama geçişte uğradığı işlevsel değişimi kavramamıza yardımcı olurken, böceklerdeki analog propriyoseptif yapıların keşfi ise ekstremiteli hayvanların benzeşen kısıtlılıklara karşı evrimsel süreçte kazandıkları ve konvergent evrime bir örnek teşkil eden benzer özelliklerini anlamamızı sağlar. Milyonlarca yıllık evrimsel süreçte hayvanlar âlemi boyunca görülen morfolojik ve işlevsel propriyoseptör çeşitliliğini oluşturan çeşitli modifikasyonlar meydana gelmiştir. Bu propriyoseptif mekanizmaların çalışılması ekstremitelerdeki propriyoseptif sistemlerin evriminin anlaşılmasında önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik Evrim
• Propriyosepsiyon
• Kas iğciği
• Golgi tendon organı

Various Proprioceptors that Emerged During the Evolutionary Process in Animals

Abstract

ABSTRACT Coordination of movement is essential for performing activities of daily living. Proprioception, the sense of body position and movement in space, is usually not conscious and is critical for the control of movement in humans. Nearly all mobile animals require proprioceptive feedback for the control of the body. Over the last 500 million years, vertebrates have evolved a great diversity of limbs. In nature, animals with limbs may have been exposed to similar constraints on proprioceptive sensation, which may have led to similar evolutionary processes. As a result of these constraints, various proprioceptors with similar characteristics are found in different species, some of which have evolved from a common ancestral structure and some of which have developed as a result of a different process in a separate branch of the evolutionary tree. The discovery of homologous proprioceptive structures in fish helps us to understand the functional change that proprioceptive sense underwent during the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, while the discovery of analogous proprioceptive structures in insects allows us to understand the similar characteristics of limbed animals that they have acquired in the evolutionary process in response to similar constraints and that serve as an example of convergent evolution. Over millions of years of evolutionary time, various modifications have occurred that have produced the morphological and functional diversity of proprioceptors seen throughout the animal kingdom. The study of these proprioceptive mechanisms is important for understanding the evolution of proprioceptive systems in the extremities.

Keywords

• Biological Evolution
• Proprioception
• Muscle spindle
• Golgi tendon organ

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