Clinical Research

Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal?

Volume: 12 Number: 1 June 8, 2026
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Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal?

Abstract

Objective Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia, despite its advantages, including cost and pollution reduction and less heat/moisture loss, has limited prevalence due to concerns of complications and the need for closer monitoring. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits and risks of low- and minimal-flow anesthesia in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. Material and Methods Conducted at Akdeniz University, 149 ASA 1-2 class patients were categorized into four Fresh Gas Flow (FGF) groups post-anesthesia induction. Data collected included vital signs, complications, operation and awakening times, and gas use. Results There were no significant differences in demographics or ASA classification. However, variations in oxygen, air and sevoflurane use across the various FGF groups were identified (p<0.05). Usage increased significantly from minimal to high-flow groups. Sevoflurane use was lowest at minimal-flow, increasing through to high-flow. The study found no significant difference in sevoflurane use between low and medium-flow groups. A progressive increase in recovery times was observed from high to minimal-flow groups, with no differences in operation times or hemodynamic parameters and complications. Conclusion The study suggests that low- and minimal-flow anesthesia can be safely used in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery with detailed monitoring. With similar gas usage and cost between low and medium-flow anesthesia, minimal-flow is recommended as the more rational choice.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Financial support & Sponsorship: None Conflicts of interest: None

Ethical Statement

Protection of human and animal subjects. The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study. Confidentiality of data. The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data. Right to privacy and informed consent. Right to privacy and informed consent. The authors have obtained approval from the Ethics Committee for analysis and publication of routinely acquired clinical data and informed consent was not required for this retrospective observational study.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Anaesthesiology

Journal Section

Clinical Research

Publication Date

June 8, 2026

Submission Date

March 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 22, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 1

APA
Oluş, F., & Babun, H. (2026). Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal? Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1652997
AMA
1.Oluş F, Babun H. Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal? Akd Med J. 2026;12(1). doi:10.53394/akd.1652997
Chicago
Oluş, Fatih, and Hüseyin Babun. 2026. “Low and Minimal-Flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One Is Ideal?”. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1652997.
EndNote
Oluş F, Babun H (June 1, 2026) Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal? Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 12 1
IEEE
[1]F. Oluş and H. Babun, “Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal?”, Akd Med J, vol. 12, no. 1, June 2026, doi: 10.53394/akd.1652997.
ISNAD
Oluş, Fatih - Babun, Hüseyin. “Low and Minimal-Flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One Is Ideal?”. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 12/1 (June 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1652997.
JAMA
1.Oluş F, Babun H. Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal? Akd Med J. 2026;12. doi:10.53394/akd.1652997.
MLA
Oluş, Fatih, and Hüseyin Babun. “Low and Minimal-Flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One Is Ideal?”. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, June 2026, doi:10.53394/akd.1652997.
Vancouver
1.Fatih Oluş, Hüseyin Babun. Low and Minimal-flow Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients: Which One is Ideal? Akd Med J. 2026 Jun. 1;12(1). doi:10.53394/akd.1652997