Annelik Öz-Yeterliliğinin İncelenmesi: Çocukluk Travmalarının, Yetişkin Bağlanmasının ve Bilişsel Esnekliğin Rolü

Öz

Annenin öz yeterliliği, etkili ebeveynliğin önemli bir bileşenidir. Annenin deneyimini zenginleştirir ve çocuğun gelişimi, iyi oluşu, anne-çocuk ilişkisi ve genel aile dinamikleri üzerinde geniş kapsamlı etkileri bulunmaktadır. Ancak, annelik yeterliliğini oluşturan unsurlar, karmaşıklıkları nedeniyle yeterince anlaşılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, ebeveyn öz-yeterlilik teorisi çerçevesinde, dört aşamalı hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılarak, demografik değişkenler, çocukluk travması, yetişkin bağlanması ve bilişsel esneklikin annelik öz-yeterliliğini anlamadaki yordayıcı gücünü araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya Türkiye'de ikamet eden ve 0-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan 386 anne dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular, genel modelin annelik öz-yeterlilik puanlarındaki %18'lik bir varyasyonu açıkladığını göstermiştir. Kontrol değişkenleri arasında, annenin yaşı, tüm modelde, incelenen değişkenlerden etkilenmeden yordayıcı gücünü korumuştur. Fakat, eğitim ve çalışma durumunun anne öz yeterliliği üzerinde anlamlı bir yordama gücü bulunmamıştır. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizinin sonuçları, çocukluk çağı travmasının ve yetişkin bağlanmasının anne öz-yeterliğinin yordayıcıları olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak bilişsel esnekliğin modele eklenmesiyle bu değişkenlerin yordayıcı güçlerini kaybetmiştir. Bu bulgu, bilişsel esneklik gibi çeşitli bağlamsal ve kişisel faktörlerin de çocukluk çağı travmalarının ve güvensiz bağlanmaların olumsuz etkilerini hafifletebileceğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, ebeveynlerin öz-yeterliliğini artırmaya yönelik politikaların, müdahalelerin ve programların tasarlanmasına yardımcı olabilir. Bu da ebeveynlik uygulamalarının iyileştirilmesini ve daha iyi ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkilerini destekleyecek; nihayetinde çocuğun gelişimi açısından olumlu çıktıların oluşmasına katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Annelik öz-yeterliliği
• Çocukluk travması
• Bilişsel Esneklik
• Yetişkin bağlanması
• Ebeveyn öz-yeterliliği.

The Exploration of Maternal Self-Efficacy: The Role of Childhood Traumas, Adult Attachment and Cognitive Flexibility

Abstract

Maternal self-efficacy is a crucial component in effective parenting. It enhances the mother's experience and has wide-reaching effects on the child's development, well-being, mother-child relationship, and overall family dynamics. Yet, the elements constituting maternal efficacy are poorly understood because of their complexity. Using four steps of hierarchical regression analysis within the parental self-efficacy theory framework, this study explored the predictive power of demographics, childhood trauma, adult attachment, and cognitive flexibility in understanding maternal self-efficacy. The study included 386 mothers with children aged 0-6 years who reside in Turkey. The findings showed that the overall model explained a %18 variation in maternal self-efficacy scores. Among the control variables, the mother's age displayed robustness, as it remained unaffected by the studied variables. At the same time, education and employment status do not have significant predictive power on maternal self-efficacy. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that childhood trauma and adult attachment are predictors of maternal self-efficacy. However, their significance disappeared in the presence of cognitive flexibility. This finding suggests that, like cognitive flexibility, various contextual and personal factors may alleviate the negative impact of childhood traumas and insecure attachments. The findings might help design policies, interventions, and programs to enhance parental self-efficacy, which leads to improved parenting practices and better parent-child relationships and ultimately contribute to positive child outcomes.

Keywords

• Childhood traumas
• Maternal self-efficacy
• Cognitive flexibility
• Adult attachment
• Parental self-efficacy.

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