4B Hareketi ve Feminizmin Durumu: Haberler Bize Ne Anlatıyor?

Abstract

4B Hareketi, Güney Kore’de 2016 yılında meydana gelen ve bir kadının metro istasyonunda bir erkek tarafından öldürülmesinin ardından yükselen bir kadın hareketi olarak bilinmektedir. Kore’de özellikle 1990’lı yılların sonlarında yaşanan ve Kore toplumunu sadece ekonomik olarak değil, sosyolojik olarak da derinden etkileyen Asya Krizi sonrasında, kadınlar kendilerini toplum dışına itilmiş ve erkeklere göre ekonomik ve toplumsal hayatta daha az fırsata sahip olarak hissetmiş, bu da çeşitli kadın hareketi topluluklarının doğmasına sebep olmuştur. 4B Hareketi de dahil olmak üzere, ağırlıklı olarak çevrimdışı niteliğe sahip bu hareketler Kore kadınına talep ettiği birtakım hakları kazandırmıştır. Ne var ki, bu hak kazanımları sınırlı düzeyde kalmıştır ve toplumda cinsiyet ayrımına dayanan bazı kurumsal düzenlemeler günümüzde bile halen devam etmektedir. ABD başkanlık seçimleri döneminde Donald Trump’ın seçim kampanyası sırasında başta rakip aday Kamala Harris olmak üzere kadınlar hakkında sarf ettiği sözler, 4B Hareketi’nin ABD’deki bazı kadın seçmenler tarafından dijital ortama taşınmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışma, 4B Hareketi ve feminizmin günümüzde geldiği noktadan yola çıkarak, ana akım ve alternatif medyadan konu üzerine yapılmış 13 haberi haber çerçeveleme yöntemi ile incelemektedir. Haber çerçevelerinin, bireylerin düşünce, tutum ve davranışını etkileme potansiyeli dikkate alınarak, 4B Hareketi ve günümüz feminizminin, belirli çerçeveler ile nasıl yeniden şekillendirilerek sunulduğu ve bunların neden tercih edildiğini ortaya koymak, bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar feminist düşüncenin radikal bir dönüşümden geçtiği ve kadınların günümüz feminist kavramlarını benimseyerek geçmişe göre daha bireysel ve daha kapsayıcı davranmayı tercih ettiklerini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• 4B Hareketi
• Feminizm
• Toplumsal Cinsiyet
• Kadın Hareketleri
• Haber Çerçeveleme

4B Movement and Today’s Feminism: What do the News Tell Us?

Abstract

The 4B Movement is a women's movement that emerged in South Korea after the 2016 murder of a woman by a man at a subway station. In Korea, especially after the Asian Crisis in the late 1990s, women felt marginalized and had fewer opportunities in economic and social life than men, which led to the emergence of various women's movement communities. These predominantly offline movements, including the 4B Movement, have given Korean women some of the rights they demanded. Based on the current state of the 4B Movement and feminism today, this study analyzes 13 news reports on the subject from mainstream and alternative media using the news framing method. Considering the potential of news frames to influence individuals' thoughts, attitudes and behaviors, the main purpose of this study is to reveal how the 4B Movement and contemporary feminism are reshaped and presented with certain frames, and why they are preferred. The frames used were based on Linström and Marais (2012)'s assumption of establishing the relationship between news content and the real world, Ochman (2023)'s framing approach to understand how media frames shape audience opinions, and Walter and Ophir (2019)'s idea that the selective presentation of information can affect attitudes, behaviors, beliefs and decisions were taken as a news framing approach. The results show that feminist thought has undergone a radical transformation, and that women prefer to act more individually and more inclusively than in the past by adopting contemporary feminist concepts.

Keywords

• 4B Movement
• Feminism
• Gender
• Women’s Movements
• News Framing

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