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Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 839 - 846, 20.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1391478

Abstract

Milk is a healthy and nutritious food. Its ability to be consumed by all age groups and its easy accessibility increase the importance of milk in our diet. As technological developments increase, so does environmental pollution. As a result of this pollution, metals and metal mixtures reach animals and humans through the food chain. This situation negatively affects the health of living organisms. In addition, excessive intake of some mineral substances can also be toxic. The contamination of heavy metals in food occurs through various pathways. The risk of metals in the composition of the containers used in the production of acidic foods such as milk and cheese dissolving and passing into the product is more likely to occur than in other foods. For this purpose, in our research, 10 samples of raw cattle milk collected from different regions of Muş province were analyzed for the amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, and heavy metals lead and cadmium using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry device. The samples' lead, cadmium, iron, copper, and manganese contents were determined as 0.40±0.01-0.19±0.01, 0.38±0.00-0.20±0.00, 1.96±0.01-0.24±0.01, 0.50±0.00-0.11±0.00 and 0.20±0.00-0.12±0.00 mg/L, respectively. The highest levels of calcium (433.45±0.00 mg/L) and potassium (1146.25±0.02 mg/L) were detected in sample S10. The lowest levels of magnesium (197.81±0.00 mg/L) and sodium (661.17±0.01 mg/L) were found in sample S3. The zinc contents of the samples varied between 8.25±0.00-14.51±0.00 mg/L. The results obtained were evaluated considering the factors affecting the amount of mineral substances and heavy metal contamination in the milk.

Project Number

2209-A

References

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  • Bıgucu, E., Kaptan, B., Palabıyık, İ. and Oksuz, O., 2016. The effect of environmental factors on heavy metal and mineral compositions of raw milk and water samples. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 13, 61-70.
  • Boudebbouz, A., Boudalia, S., Bousbia, A., Habila, S., Boussadia, M.I. and Gu¬eroui, Y., 2021. Heavy metals levels in raw cow milk and health risk assessment across the globe: a systematic review. Science of The Total Environment, 751, 141830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141830
  • Campillo, N., Vinas, P., Lopez-Garcıa, I. and Hernandez-Cordoba, M., 1998. Direct determination of copper and zinc in cow milk, human milk and infant formula samples using electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta, 46, 615-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00306-8
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  • Clegg, D. J., Headley, S. A. and Germain, M. J., 2020. Impact of dietary potassium restrictions in CKD on clinical outcomes: benefits of a plant-based diet. Kidney Medicine, 2, 476-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.04.007
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  • Çakir, E.O. and Yarsan, E., 2021. Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan süt örneklerinde bazı metal düzeyleri. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 32, 50-62. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.879842
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Çiğ İnek Sütünde Bazı Minerallerin ve Ağır Metallerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 839 - 846, 20.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1391478

Abstract

Süt, sağlıklı ve besleyici bir gıdadır. Tüm yaş gruplarında tüketilebilmesi ve kolay ulaşılabilir olması sütün beslenmemizdeki önemini artırmaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin artmasıyla birlikte çevre kirliliği de artış göstermektedir. Bu kirlilik sonucunda ağır metaller ve metal karışımlı bileşikler, besin zinciri yoluyla hayvanlara ve insanlara geçmektedir. Bu durum ise canlı sağlığını olumsuz bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca bazı mineral maddelerin aşırı miktarda vücuda alımı da toksik olabilmektedir. Ağır metallerin gıdalara bulaşması çeşitli yollarla ortaya çıkmaktadır. Süt ve peynir gibi asidik nitelikli gıdaların üretiminde kullanılan kapların bileşimindeki metallerin çözünerek ürüne geçme riski diğer gıdalara göre daha kolay meydana gelmektedir. Bu amaçla araştırmamızda, Muş ilinin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan 10 adet çiğ inek sütü örneğinde, kalsiyum, magnezyum, sodyum, potasyum, çinko, demir, bakır, mangan minerallerinin ve kurşun, kadmiyum ağır metallerinin miktarı Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometresi cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Numunelerin kurşun, kadmiyum, demir, bakır ve mangan içerikleri sırasıyla 0.40±0.01-0.19±0.01, 0.38±0.00-0.20±0.00, 1.96±0.01-0.24±0.01, 0.50±0.00-0.11±0.00 ve 0.20±0.00-0.12±0.00 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek kalsiyum (433.45±0.00 mg/L) ve potasyum (1146.25±0.02 mg/L) seviyeleri S10 numunesinde tespit edilmiştir. En düşük magnezyum (197.81±0.00 mg/L) ve sodyum (661.17±0.01 mg/L) seviyeleri S3 numunesinde bulunmuştur. Örneklerin çinko içerikleri 8.25±0.00-14.51±0.00 mg/L arasında değişmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sütte mineral madde miktarını ve ağır metal bulaşmasını etkileyen faktörler göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

2209-A

References

  • Algan, G., Tekinşen, O.C. and Gök, V., 2012. Investigation of some heavy metal presence in the milk of cattle. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 28, 159-163.
  • Al Sidawi, R., Ghambashidze, G., Urushadze, T. and Ploeger, A., 2021. Heavy metal levels in milk and cheese produced in the Kvemo Kartli region, Georgia. Foods, 10, 2234. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092234
  • Ayar, A., Sert, D. and Akın, N., 2007. Konya’da tüketime sunulan süt ve ürünlerinin ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21, 58-64.
  • Azimi, A., Azari, A., Rezakazemi, M. and Ansarpour, M., 2017. Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters: a review. ChemBioEng Reviews, 4, 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201600010
  • Bıgucu, E., Kaptan, B., Palabıyık, İ. and Oksuz, O., 2016. The effect of environmental factors on heavy metal and mineral compositions of raw milk and water samples. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 13, 61-70.
  • Boudebbouz, A., Boudalia, S., Bousbia, A., Habila, S., Boussadia, M.I. and Gu¬eroui, Y., 2021. Heavy metals levels in raw cow milk and health risk assessment across the globe: a systematic review. Science of The Total Environment, 751, 141830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141830
  • Campillo, N., Vinas, P., Lopez-Garcıa, I. and Hernandez-Cordoba, M., 1998. Direct determination of copper and zinc in cow milk, human milk and infant formula samples using electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta, 46, 615-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00306-8
  • Chary, N.S., Kamala, C.T. and Raj, D.S.S., 2008. Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 69, 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.013
  • Chasapis, C. T., Ntoupa, P. S. A., Spiliopoulou, C. A. and Stefanidou, M. E., 2020. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Archives of toxicology, 94, 1443-1460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9
  • Chirinos-Peinado, D. M. and Castro-Bedriñana, J. I., 2020. Lead and cadmium blood levels and transfer to milk in cattle reared in a mining area. Heliyon, 6, e03579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03579
  • Clegg, D. J., Headley, S. A. and Germain, M. J., 2020. Impact of dietary potassium restrictions in CKD on clinical outcomes: benefits of a plant-based diet. Kidney Medicine, 2, 476-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.04.007
  • Coni, E., Bocca, A., Coppoelli, P., Caroli, S., Cavallucci, C. and Trabalza Marinucci, M., 1996. Minor and trace element content in sheep and goat milk and dairy products. Food Chemistry, 57, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)00216-2
  • Çakir, E.O. and Yarsan, E., 2021. Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden toplanan süt örneklerinde bazı metal düzeyleri. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 32, 50-62. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.879842
  • Efe, A., 2008. Diyarbakır il ve ilçelerinden temin edilen sütlerde ağır metal ve mineral madde içeriklerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır, 73. Eid, R., Arab, N. T. and Greenwood, M. T., 2017. Iron mediated toxicity and programmed cell death: A review and a re-examination of existing paradigms. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1864, 399-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.002
  • Enb, A., Abou Donia, M.A., Abd-Rabou, N.S., Abou-Arab, A.A.K. and El-Senaity, M.H., 2009. Chemical composition of raw milk and heavy metals behavior during processing of milk products. Global veterinaria, 3, 268-275.
  • Fiorentini, D., Cappadone, C., Farruggia, G. and Prata, C., 2021. Magnesium: biochemistry, nutrition, detection, and social impact of diseases linked to its deficiency. Nutrients, 13, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041136
  • Gaucheron, F., 2000. Iron fortification in dairy industry. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 11, 403-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(01)00032-2
  • Hu, H., 2002. Human Health and Toxic Metals. McCally, M., MIT Press, 65-81.
  • Ilgaz, Ş., Yardım, N., Çimen, M.Y.B., Kanbur, N., Özmert, E.N., Satman, İ., Tavil, B., Tayfur, M. and Ulman, C., 2020. Türkiye’de besinlerin D vitamini, folik asit ve demir ile zenginleştirilmesi: sağlık Bakanlığı önerileri. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 18, 226-248.
  • İnci, A., Aypak, S.Ü. and Güven, G., 2017. Aydın ilinde üretilen inek sütlerinde bazı ağır metal düzeylerinin araştırılması. Gıda, 42, 229-234. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD16079
  • İstanbulluoğlu, H., Oğur, R., Tekbaş, Ö.F. and Bakır, B., 2013. Süt ve süt ürünlerinde ağır metal kirliliği. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 33, 410-419. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2012-29718
  • Järup, L., 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68, 167-182. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg032
  • Jorhem, L., Slorach, S., Sundström, B. and Ohlin, B., 1991. Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in meat, liver and kidney of Swedish pigs and cattle in 1984–88. Food Additives & Contaminants, 8, 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652039109373970
  • Kazi, T.G., Jalbani, N., Baig, J.A., Kandhro, G.A., Afridi, H.I., Arain, M.B., Jamali, M.K. and Shah, A.Q., 2009. Assessment of toxic metals in raw and processed milk samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 2163-2169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.035
  • Khan, N., Jeong, I.S., Hwang, I.M., Kim, J.S., Choi, S.H., Nho, E.Y., Choi, J.Y., Park, K.S. and Kim, K.S., 2014. Analysis of minor and trace elements in milk and yogurts by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Food Chemistry, 147, 220-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.147
  • Kılıç, M. and Bozkaya, O., 2017. Çiğ süt örneklerinde ağır metal ve metal kontaminasyonlarının belirlenmesi ve sağlık üzerine etkisi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 16, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ashd_0000000120
  • Licata, P., Trombetta, D., Crıstanı, M., Gıofre, F., Martıno, D., Calo, M. and Naccarı, F., 2004. Levels of "toxic" and "essential" metals in samples of bovine milk from various dairy farms in Calabria, Italy. Environment International, 30, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00139-9
  • Meshref, A.M., Moselhy, W.A. and Hassan, N.E.H.Y., 2014. Heavy metals and trace elements levels in milk and milk products. Journal of food measurement and characterization, 8, 381-388.
  • Metin, M., 2010. Süt Teknolojisi Sütün bileşimi ve İşlenmesi (9. Baskı), Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 793.
  • Özlü, H., Atasever, M.A., Urçar, S. and Atasever, M., 2012. Erzurum’da tüketime sunulan kaşar peynirlerinin mineral madde içeriği ve ağır metal kontaminasyonu. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, 205-208. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2011.5258
  • Özturan, K. and Atasever, M., 2018. Süt ve ürünlerinde mineral maddeler ve ağır metaller. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 13, 229-241. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.317822
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There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Neslihan Yıldız Küçük 0000-0002-2467-5454

Ramazan Gökçek 0009-0006-2703-419X

Project Number 2209-A
Early Pub Date July 23, 2024
Publication Date August 20, 2024
Submission Date November 15, 2023
Acceptance Date June 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yıldız Küçük, N., & Gökçek, R. (2024). Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(4), 839-846. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1391478
AMA Yıldız Küçük N, Gökçek R. Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. August 2024;24(4):839-846. doi:10.35414/akufemubid.1391478
Chicago Yıldız Küçük, Neslihan, and Ramazan Gökçek. “Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy Metals in Raw Cow’s Milk”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24, no. 4 (August 2024): 839-46. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1391478.
EndNote Yıldız Küçük N, Gökçek R (August 1, 2024) Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24 4 839–846.
IEEE N. Yıldız Küçük and R. Gökçek, “Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 839–846, 2024, doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.1391478.
ISNAD Yıldız Küçük, Neslihan - Gökçek, Ramazan. “Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy Metals in Raw Cow’s Milk”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24/4 (August 2024), 839-846. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1391478.
JAMA Yıldız Küçük N, Gökçek R. Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;24:839–846.
MLA Yıldız Küçük, Neslihan and Ramazan Gökçek. “Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy Metals in Raw Cow’s Milk”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, 2024, pp. 839-46, doi:10.35414/akufemubid.1391478.
Vancouver Yıldız Küçük N, Gökçek R. Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;24(4):839-46.