Google Earth Görüntüleri ile Gölcük Gölü (Kütahya) Sınır Değişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 946 - 955, 04.08.2025

Enes Zengin , Recep Uğur Acar , Ali Samet Öngen

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1579340

Abstract

İklim değişikliği, bugün dünyanın karşı karşıya olduğu en acil sorunlardan biri olup, ekosistemler, insan sağlığı ve küresel ekonomiler üzerinde geniş kapsamlı etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu durum, büyük ölçüde ormansızlaşma, sanayi kaynaklı emisyonlar ve fosil yakıtların yoğun kullanımı gibi insan faaliyetlerinin neden olduğu, sıcaklık, yağış düzenleri ve aşırı hava olaylarının sıklığında önemli değişimlerle tanımlanmaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletler, 2030 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Gündemi kapsamında 2015 yılında kabul edilen 17 küresel hedeften oluşan Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA) ile kolektif bir yaklaşım sunmuştur. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye'nin Kütahya iline bağlı Simav ilçesindeki Gölcük gölü’nün sınır değişimleri, 2013 ve 2023 yıllarına ait yüksek çözünürlüklü Google Earth görüntüleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Göl alanındaki değişimleri analiz etmek için ArcGIS Pro’da gözetimli sınıflandırma teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Mekansal veri ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (GIS) yöntemlerinin kullanımı, bu değişikliklerin yüksek hassasiyetle ölçümünü ve görselleştirilmesini sağlamış ve göl küçülmesinin boyutunu ve etkisini değerlendirmede son derece yararlı olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, göl alanında %22,7'lik bir azalma olduğunu ve yaklaşık 32.279 m²'lik önemli bir küçülmeyi göstermektedir; bu küçülmenin çevresel faktörlerden etkilenmiş olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı ile Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden elde edilen sıcaklık ve yağış verileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, ortalama sıcaklığın 2013’te 11,5°C’den 2023’te 13°C’ye yükseldiğini ve aynı dönemde yağış miktarında hafif bir azalma olduğunu göstermektedir; bu durum, iklim değişikliğinin gölün küçülmesine potansiyel bir katkısı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, tatlı su kaynakları üzerindeki iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için sürekli izleme ve sürdürülebilir yönetimin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Sınır değişimi , iklim değişikliği , Gölcük gölü , Kütahya , Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri

Assessing Boundary Shifts at Gölcük Lake (Kütahya) with Google Earth Images

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, human health, and global economies. It is characterized by significant alterations in temperature, precipitation patterns, and the frequency of extreme weather events, largely driven by human activities such as deforestation, industrial emissions, and the intense use of fossil fuels. United Nations has introduced a collective approach through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of 17 global goals adopted in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. For this purpose, the boundary shifts of Gölcük lake in Simav, Kütahya, Türkiye, were examined using high-resolution Google Earth images from 2013 and 2023. Supervised classification techniques in ArcGIS Pro were applied to analyze changes in the lake's area over a decade marked by significant climate variability. The use of spatial data and geographic information system (GIS) methods allowed for precise measurement and visualization of these changes, proving highly useful for assessing the extent and impact of lake shrinkage. The findings reveal a 22.7% reduction in lake area, equating to approximately 32,279 m², indicating a notable shrinkage likely influenced by environmental factors. Temperature and precipitation data, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate and the Turkish State Meteorological Service, were also assessed. The data showed an increase in average temperature from 11.5°C to 13°C and a slight decrease in precipitation over the period, suggesting potential contributions from climate change to the lake's shrinkage. These results underscore the importance of ongoing monitoring and sustainable management to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on freshwater resources.

Keywords

Boundary shift , climate change , Gölcük lake , Kütahya , Geographic information system

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