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Armed and Unarmed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Their Role in War (44-Day Karabakh War)

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 1599 - 1614, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1675258

Abstract

Despite the long history of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), thorough investigations into the operational capabilities of these technologies have increased significantly in recent years. In today’s volatile political and military environment, UAVs are used in a variety of missions, including reconnaissance, surveillance, search and rescue, and direct attack making them an indispensable part of contemporary security strategies. Technological advances have made UAV systems more accessible and effective, attracting not only major powers but also medium and small-scale states to these technologies. In this context, the production, procurement, and use of combat UAVs have paved the way for a new strategic dimension in international relations.
This study analyses the development of UAV technologies through the examples of Türkiye and Israel in the context of Karabakh War that broke out on September 27, 2020. While Israel stands out with its leadership in this field, Türkiye has become an effective actor, especially in recent years with systems such as Bayraktar TB2. Azerbaijan, one of the most concentrated and effective examples of the use of these systems, which both countries produce, has revealed the decisive role of UAVs during the war. In addition, the study evaluates not only the tactical but also the strategic dimensions of these technologies, revealing how UAVs have transformed the nature of warfare and affected the regional security architecture in the axis of Azerbaijan.

Thanks

I deem it my duty to express gratitude to the Martyrs who sacrificed their lives in the Karabakh War for the territorial integrity of our Homeland.

References

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Silahlı ve Silahsız İnsansız Hava Araçları ve Onların Savaştaki Rolü (44 Gün Karabağ Savaşı)

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 4, 1599 - 1614, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1675258

Abstract

İnsansız hava araçlarının (İHA) uzun geçmişi olmasına rağmen, bu teknolojilerin operasyonel yeteneklerine yönelik kapsamlı araştırmalar son yıllarda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Günümüzün değişken siyasi ve askeri ortamında, İHA’lar keşif, gözetleme, arama kurtarma ve doğrudan saldırı gibi çeşitli görevlerde kullanılması onları çağdaş güvenlik stratejilerinin vazgeçilmez bir parçası haline getirmiştir. Teknolojik gelişmeler, insansız hava aracı (İHA) sistemlerini daha erişilebilir ve etkili kılmış; bu durum yalnızca büyük güçleri değil, aynı zamanda orta ve küçük ölçekli devletleri de bu teknolojilere yöneltmiştir. Bu çerçevede, savaş İHA’larının üretimi, tedariki ve kullanımında yaşanan artış, uluslararası ilişkilerde yeni bir stratejik boyutun şekillenmesine zemin hazırlamıştır.
Bu çalışma, 27 Eylül 2020’de başlayan ve 44 gün süren Karabağ Savaşı bağlamında, Türkiye ve İsrail üzerinden insansız hava aracı (İHA) teknolojilerinin gelişimini analiz etmektedir. İsrail bu alandaki öncü konumuyla öne çıkarken; Türkiye, özellikle son yıllarda Bayraktar TB2 gibi sistemlerle etkin bir güç haline gelmiştir. Her iki ülkenin geliştirdiği İHA sistemlerinin en yoğun ve etkili biçimde kullanıldığı başlıca uygulama alanlarından biri olan Azerbaycan, söz konusu savaş sürecinde bu teknolojilerin belirleyici rolünü açık bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, İHA teknolojilerinin yalnızca taktik değil, aynı zamanda stratejik boyutlarını da ele alarak; Azerbaycan bağlamında, bu araçların savaşın doğasını nasıl değiştirdiğini ve bölgesel güvenlik mimarisi üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Thanks

Karabağ Savaşı’nda Vatan topraklarımızın bütünlüğünün korunması uğruna canlarını feda eden Aziz Şehitlerimize şükranlarımı sunmayı bir borç bilirim.

References

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  • Hoffman, L. (2020). How Turkey became a drone power (and what that tells us about the future of warfare). The Correspondent. December 10. Retrieved from https://thecorrespondent.com/832/how-turkey-became-a-drone-power-and-what-that-tells-us-about-the-future-of-warfare.
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  • January 5. Retrieved from https://english.iswnews.com/32697/military-knowledge-harop-suicide-drone/.
  • Idan, A. & Shaffer, B. (2021). Israel’s role in the second Armenia-Azerbaijan war. T. Gafarli & M. Arnold (Eds). in The Karabakh Gambit: Responsibility for Future, İstanbul: TRT World Research Centre.
  • Isachenko, D. (2020). Turkey–Russia partnership in the war over Nagorno-Karabakh. SWP Comment. 53, 1-4.
  • Ilic, D. &Tomasevic, V. (2021). The impact of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 2020 on the perception of combat drones. Serbian Journal of Engineering Management. 6(1), 9-21.
  • Josan, A. & Voicu, C. (2015). Hybrid wars in the age of asymmetric conflicts. Review of the Air Force Academy. 28(1), 49-52.
  • Kaya, K. (2022). Turkey as a drone superpower: A case study of a mid-size power driving the operational environment. The Foreign Military Studies Office Report. 1-11.
  • Kaldor, M. (2007). New & old wars. Second Edition, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Keene, S. D. (2015). Lethal and legal?:The Ethics of Drone Strike. Strategic Studies Institute: US Army War College Press.
  • Kınık, H. & Çelik, S. (2021). The role of Turkish drones in Azerbaijan’s increasing military effectiveness: An assessment of the second Nagorno Karabakh War. Insight Turkey. 23(4), 169-191.
  • Khalilzada, J. (2022). The proliferation of combat drones in civil and interstate conflicts. Insight Turkey. 24(3), 89-108.
  • Mamedov, F. (2015). Bespilotnyye voyny v Karabakhe. Haqqin. Az. August 7. Retrieved from https://haqqin.az/news/50467.
  • Ministry of Defence of Israel. (2024). Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) administration. Ministry of Defence of Israel. Retrieved from https://english.mod.gov.il/About/Innovative_Strength/Pages/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicle_Administration.aspx.
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Regional Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nazrin Alizada 0000-0002-6874-7712

Submission Date April 13, 2025
Acceptance Date August 6, 2025
Publication Date December 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alizada, N. (2025). Armed and Unarmed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Their Role in War (44-Day Karabakh War). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(4), 1599-1614. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1675258

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