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Kamu Harcamalarının Eğitim Göstergelerindeki Rolü: SD ve COCOSO Yöntemleri ile Üst-Orta Gelir Grubu Ülkelerinin Analizi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1267 - 1283, 29.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1264507

Abstract

Beşeri sermayede eğitime yapılan yatırım büyük rol oynamaktadır. Eğitim performanslarında kamunun eğitim harcamaları, okul kaydı ve işsizlik oranı gibi kriterlerin önemini ortaya koyan bu çalışmanın amacı; Dünya Bankası’nda üst-orta gelir grubunda yer alan 18 ülkenin eğitim göstergeleri açısından performansını incelemektir. Bu amaç kapsamında; Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYH) içinde kamunun eğitime yaptığı harcamalarının oranı, ortaöğretime yapılan okul kaydı, yükseköğretime yapılan okul kaydı, eğitime yapılan kamu harcamalarının toplam kamu harcamalarına oranı, ilköğretimi tamamlama oranı ve işsizlik oranı kriterlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Kullanılan kriterlerin ağırlıkları standart sapma (SD) yöntemiyle hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuca göre; performansı belirleme noktasında en önemli kriterlerin sırasıyla işsizlik oranı, eğitime yapılan kamu harcamalarının toplam kamu harcamalarına oranı, ortaöğretime yapılan okul kayıt oranı, yükseköğretime yapılan okul kayıt oranı, ilköğretimi tamamlama oranı ve eğitime yapılan kamu harcamalarının GSYH'ye oranı olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ülkeler arası sıralama, CoCoSo yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizin sonucunda değerlendirilen ülkelerin performans sıralaması, belirlenen kriterlere göre elde edilmiştir. Moldova, Kazakistan ve Belarus en iyi performansa sahip ülkeler iken; Gürcistan, Ermenistan ve Ürdün en düşük performansa sahip ülkeler olarak tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • AFOLAYAN, O.T., OKODUA, H., MATTHEW, O., & OSABOHIEN, R. (2019). “Reducing Unemployment Malaise in Nigeria: The Role of Electricity Consumption and Human Capital Development”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4): 63-73.
  • AFONSO, A., & AUBYN, M.S. (2006). “Cross-Country Efficiency of Secondary Education Provision: A Semi-Parametric Analysis with Non-Discretionary Inputs”. Economic Modelling, 23: 476 – 491.
  • AGASISTI, T., EGOROV, A., ZINCHENKO, D., & LESHUKOV, O. (2021). “Efficiency of Regional Higher Education Systems and Regional Economic Short-Run Growth: Empirical Evidence from Russia”. Industry and Innovation, 28(4): 507-534.
  • ALÇIN, S., ERDİL ŞAHİN, B., & HAMZAOĞLU, M. (2021). “Analysis of the Relationship between Education and Youth Unemployment: Evidences from Turkey and Spain”. Journal of Life Economics, 8(2): 185-192.
  • ARNHOLD, N., & BASSETT, R.M. (2021). “Steering Tertiary Education: Toward Resilient Systems that Deliver for All”. World Bank, Washington, DC, 1-84.
  • ARICA, F., & İPSAL, S. (2021). “Eğitim Harcamaları- Genç İşsizlik Nedensellik İlişkisi: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkeleri İçin Panel Veri Analizi”. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 16(2): 16-30.
  • AUBYN, M.S, PINA, A., GARCIA, F., & PAIS, J. (2009). “Study On the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Public Spending on Tertiary Education”. European Economy, 390: 1-146.
  • AYBARÇ BURSALIOĞLU, S., & SELİM, S. (2015). “Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimde Etkinliği Belirleyen Faktörler”. Bilig, 74: 45-69.
  • BAĞCI, H., & YÜKSEL YİĞİTER, Ş. (2019). “BİST’te Yer Alan Enerji Şirketlerinin Finansal Performansının SD VE WASPAS Yöntemleriyle Ölçülmesi”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(18): 877-898.
  • BECKER, S.G. (1992). “Education, Labor Force Quality, and the Economy: The Adam Smith Address”. Business Economics, 27(1): 7-12.
  • BINUOMOYO, O.K. (2020). “Examining the Relationship between Public Spending on Education and Unemployment Problem in Nigeria”. MJBE, 7(1): 57-73.
  • DACHITO, A.C., ALEMU, M., & ALEMU, B. (2020). “The Impact of Public Education Expenditures on Graduate Unemployment: Cointegration Analysis to Ethiopia”. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 6 (2): 62- 78.
  • DIAKOULAKI, D., MAVROTAS, G., & PAPAYANNAKIS, L. (1995). “Determining Objective Weights in Multiple Criteria Problems: The Critic Method”. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7): 763-770.
  • FERRO, G., & D’ELIA, V. (2021). “Efficiency in Public Higher Education: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis Considering Heterogeneity”. Revista de Análisis Económico, 36(2): 21-51.
  • HAN, V. (2021). “The Impact of Technological Growth and Education Spending on Unemployment: Evidence From a Panel ARDL-PMG Approach”. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi /Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 10(2): 1-22.
  • HO, W., DEY, P.K., & HIGSON, H.E. (2006). “Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Techniques in Higher Education”. International Journal of Educational Management, 20(5): 319-337.
  • HORNER, S., ZHANG, A., & FURLONG, M. (2018). “The Impact of Higher Education on Unemployment”. Econometric Analysis Undergraduate Research Papers, 3161: 1-19.
  • MANKIW, N.G., ROMER, D., & WEIL, D.N. (1992). “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2): 407-437.
  • MARAL, M., YILDIZ, F., & ALPAYDIN, Y. (2021). “Türkiye’de Yüksek Öğretim Harcamaları ve Genç İşsizliği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2): 173-197.
  • MEHMETAJ, N., & XHINDI, N. (2022). “Public Expenses in Education and Youth Unemployment Rates—A Vector Error Correction Model Approach. Economies”, 10(12): 1-14.
  • MIHALJEVIC KOSOR, M., MALESEVIC, L., & GOLEM, S. (2019). “Efficiency of Public Spending on Higher Education: A Data Envelopment Analysis for EU-28. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 77(3): 396-409.
  • ODU, G.O. (2019). “Weighting Methods for Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique”. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 23(8): 1449-1457.
  • ONUOHA, F.C., & AGBEDE, M.O. (2019). “Impact of Disagregated Public Expenditure on Unemployment Rate of Selected African Countries: A Panel Dynamic Analysis”. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 24(5): 1- 14.
  • ÖZUĞURLU, Y. (2005). “Kamu Harcamalarının Bölüşüm İlişkileri Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”. Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 16(55): 59-88.
  • PIRIM, Z., OWINGS, W., & KAPLAN, L. (2014). “The Long-Term Impact of Educational and Health Spending on Unemployment Rates”. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 7(1): 49-69.
  • POPOVIĆ, M. (2021). “An MCDM Approach for Personnel Selection Using The CoCoSo Method”. Journal of Process Management and New Technologies, 9(3-4): 78-88.
  • SAĞDIÇ, E.N., & YILDIZ, F. (2020). “Bölgesel Düzeyde Kamu Harcamalarının İşsizlik Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 64: 208-226.
  • SINGH, D., & SHASTRI, S. (2020). “Public Expenditure on Education, Educational Attainment and Unemployment Nexus in India: An Empirical Investigation”. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(5): 663-674.
  • SOLOW, R.M. (1956). “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1): 65-94.
  • SWAN, T.W. (1956). “Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation”. The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, 32(2): 334-361.
  • WB, THE WORLD BANK, “Education”, https://data.worldbank.org/topic/education/, 30.12.2022.
  • TRAN, T.V., PHAM, T.P., NGUYEN, M. H., DO, L.T., & PHAM, H.H. (2023). “Economic Efficiency of Higher Education Institutions in Vietnam between 2012 and 2016: A DEA Analysis”. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(1): 199-212.
  • TÜRKOĞLU, S.P., & TUZCU, S.E. (2021). “Assessing Country Performances during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Standard Deviation Based Range of Value Method”. Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications, 4(3): 59-81.
  • WOLSZCZAK-DERLACZ, J., & PARTEKA, A. (2011). “Efficiency of European Public Higher Education Institutions: A Two-Stage Multicountry Approach. Scientometrics, 89: 887-917.
  • YAZDANI, M., ZARATE, P., ZAVADSKAS, E.K., & TURSKIS, Z. (2019). “A Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) Method for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problems”. Management Decision, 57(9): 2501-2519.
  • YOTOVA, L., & STEFANOVA, K. (2017). “Efficiency of Tertiary Education Expenditure in CEE Countries: Data Envelopment Analysis”. Economic Alternatives, 3: 352-364.

The Role of Public Expenditures in Education Indicators: Analysis of Upper Middle Income Countries with SD and COCOSO Methods

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1267 - 1283, 29.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1264507

Abstract

Investment in education plays a major role in human capital. The aim of this study, which reveals the importance of criteria such as public education expenditures, school enrollment and unemployment rate in education performance; to examine the performance of 18 countries in the upper-middle income group in the World Bank in terms of education indicators. The weights of the criteria were calculated using the SD method. According to the result of this method; the most important criteria were the unemployment rate, the ratio of public expenditures on education to total public expenditures, the enrollment rate in secondary education, the rate of enrollment in higher education, the completion rate of primary education and the ratio of public expenditures on education to GDP. The ranking between countries in the study was subjected to analysis using the CoCoSo method. The performance ranking of the schools evaluated as a result of the study was obtained according to the defined parameters. Moldova, Kazakhstan and Belarus were established as the top performing countries; Georgia, Armenia and Jordan were calculated as the worst performing countries.

References

  • AFOLAYAN, O.T., OKODUA, H., MATTHEW, O., & OSABOHIEN, R. (2019). “Reducing Unemployment Malaise in Nigeria: The Role of Electricity Consumption and Human Capital Development”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4): 63-73.
  • AFONSO, A., & AUBYN, M.S. (2006). “Cross-Country Efficiency of Secondary Education Provision: A Semi-Parametric Analysis with Non-Discretionary Inputs”. Economic Modelling, 23: 476 – 491.
  • AGASISTI, T., EGOROV, A., ZINCHENKO, D., & LESHUKOV, O. (2021). “Efficiency of Regional Higher Education Systems and Regional Economic Short-Run Growth: Empirical Evidence from Russia”. Industry and Innovation, 28(4): 507-534.
  • ALÇIN, S., ERDİL ŞAHİN, B., & HAMZAOĞLU, M. (2021). “Analysis of the Relationship between Education and Youth Unemployment: Evidences from Turkey and Spain”. Journal of Life Economics, 8(2): 185-192.
  • ARNHOLD, N., & BASSETT, R.M. (2021). “Steering Tertiary Education: Toward Resilient Systems that Deliver for All”. World Bank, Washington, DC, 1-84.
  • ARICA, F., & İPSAL, S. (2021). “Eğitim Harcamaları- Genç İşsizlik Nedensellik İlişkisi: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkeleri İçin Panel Veri Analizi”. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 16(2): 16-30.
  • AUBYN, M.S, PINA, A., GARCIA, F., & PAIS, J. (2009). “Study On the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Public Spending on Tertiary Education”. European Economy, 390: 1-146.
  • AYBARÇ BURSALIOĞLU, S., & SELİM, S. (2015). “Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimde Etkinliği Belirleyen Faktörler”. Bilig, 74: 45-69.
  • BAĞCI, H., & YÜKSEL YİĞİTER, Ş. (2019). “BİST’te Yer Alan Enerji Şirketlerinin Finansal Performansının SD VE WASPAS Yöntemleriyle Ölçülmesi”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(18): 877-898.
  • BECKER, S.G. (1992). “Education, Labor Force Quality, and the Economy: The Adam Smith Address”. Business Economics, 27(1): 7-12.
  • BINUOMOYO, O.K. (2020). “Examining the Relationship between Public Spending on Education and Unemployment Problem in Nigeria”. MJBE, 7(1): 57-73.
  • DACHITO, A.C., ALEMU, M., & ALEMU, B. (2020). “The Impact of Public Education Expenditures on Graduate Unemployment: Cointegration Analysis to Ethiopia”. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 6 (2): 62- 78.
  • DIAKOULAKI, D., MAVROTAS, G., & PAPAYANNAKIS, L. (1995). “Determining Objective Weights in Multiple Criteria Problems: The Critic Method”. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7): 763-770.
  • FERRO, G., & D’ELIA, V. (2021). “Efficiency in Public Higher Education: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis Considering Heterogeneity”. Revista de Análisis Económico, 36(2): 21-51.
  • HAN, V. (2021). “The Impact of Technological Growth and Education Spending on Unemployment: Evidence From a Panel ARDL-PMG Approach”. Girişimcilik ve İnovasyon Yönetimi Dergisi /Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 10(2): 1-22.
  • HO, W., DEY, P.K., & HIGSON, H.E. (2006). “Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Techniques in Higher Education”. International Journal of Educational Management, 20(5): 319-337.
  • HORNER, S., ZHANG, A., & FURLONG, M. (2018). “The Impact of Higher Education on Unemployment”. Econometric Analysis Undergraduate Research Papers, 3161: 1-19.
  • MANKIW, N.G., ROMER, D., & WEIL, D.N. (1992). “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2): 407-437.
  • MARAL, M., YILDIZ, F., & ALPAYDIN, Y. (2021). “Türkiye’de Yüksek Öğretim Harcamaları ve Genç İşsizliği İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2): 173-197.
  • MEHMETAJ, N., & XHINDI, N. (2022). “Public Expenses in Education and Youth Unemployment Rates—A Vector Error Correction Model Approach. Economies”, 10(12): 1-14.
  • MIHALJEVIC KOSOR, M., MALESEVIC, L., & GOLEM, S. (2019). “Efficiency of Public Spending on Higher Education: A Data Envelopment Analysis for EU-28. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 77(3): 396-409.
  • ODU, G.O. (2019). “Weighting Methods for Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique”. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 23(8): 1449-1457.
  • ONUOHA, F.C., & AGBEDE, M.O. (2019). “Impact of Disagregated Public Expenditure on Unemployment Rate of Selected African Countries: A Panel Dynamic Analysis”. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 24(5): 1- 14.
  • ÖZUĞURLU, Y. (2005). “Kamu Harcamalarının Bölüşüm İlişkileri Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”. Ekonomik Yaklaşım Dergisi, 16(55): 59-88.
  • PIRIM, Z., OWINGS, W., & KAPLAN, L. (2014). “The Long-Term Impact of Educational and Health Spending on Unemployment Rates”. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 7(1): 49-69.
  • POPOVIĆ, M. (2021). “An MCDM Approach for Personnel Selection Using The CoCoSo Method”. Journal of Process Management and New Technologies, 9(3-4): 78-88.
  • SAĞDIÇ, E.N., & YILDIZ, F. (2020). “Bölgesel Düzeyde Kamu Harcamalarının İşsizlik Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 64: 208-226.
  • SINGH, D., & SHASTRI, S. (2020). “Public Expenditure on Education, Educational Attainment and Unemployment Nexus in India: An Empirical Investigation”. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(5): 663-674.
  • SOLOW, R.M. (1956). “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1): 65-94.
  • SWAN, T.W. (1956). “Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation”. The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, 32(2): 334-361.
  • WB, THE WORLD BANK, “Education”, https://data.worldbank.org/topic/education/, 30.12.2022.
  • TRAN, T.V., PHAM, T.P., NGUYEN, M. H., DO, L.T., & PHAM, H.H. (2023). “Economic Efficiency of Higher Education Institutions in Vietnam between 2012 and 2016: A DEA Analysis”. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(1): 199-212.
  • TÜRKOĞLU, S.P., & TUZCU, S.E. (2021). “Assessing Country Performances during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Standard Deviation Based Range of Value Method”. Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications, 4(3): 59-81.
  • WOLSZCZAK-DERLACZ, J., & PARTEKA, A. (2011). “Efficiency of European Public Higher Education Institutions: A Two-Stage Multicountry Approach. Scientometrics, 89: 887-917.
  • YAZDANI, M., ZARATE, P., ZAVADSKAS, E.K., & TURSKIS, Z. (2019). “A Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) Method for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problems”. Management Decision, 57(9): 2501-2519.
  • YOTOVA, L., & STEFANOVA, K. (2017). “Efficiency of Tertiary Education Expenditure in CEE Countries: Data Envelopment Analysis”. Economic Alternatives, 3: 352-364.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Semra Aydoğdu Bağcı 0000-0001-8078-5626

Serap Pelin Türkoğlu 0000-0001-9566-9898

Publication Date September 29, 2023
Acceptance Date June 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aydoğdu Bağcı, S., & Türkoğlu, S. P. (2023). Kamu Harcamalarının Eğitim Göstergelerindeki Rolü: SD ve COCOSO Yöntemleri ile Üst-Orta Gelir Grubu Ülkelerinin Analizi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 7(3), 1267-1283. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1264507