The Relationship between Socio-Economic Development, Corruption and Health Indicators: Application of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of corruption on health indicators and main cause of corruption by using structural equation modeling. Based on the heterogeneous dataset of 126 countries, structural equation model was estimated by using partial least square method where different development levels of countries were included. Findings indicate that GDP per capita, democracy levels and education level of women are three prominent variables that explain corruption in highly developed and developed countries. Corruption decreases as the regime becomes more democratic and GDP per capita increases. Furthermore, corruption has significantly displayed the effect it has on health indicators. As to middle and low-developed countries, the education level of women and health expenditure affect health indicators regardless of corruption and GDP per capita. And as the regime becomes more autocratic, corruption rises.

Keywords

• Corruption,Health Indicators Multigroup Analysis,Partial Least Squares,Structural Equation Modeling

Sosyo-Ekonomik Kalkınma, Yolsuzluk ve Sağlık Göstergeleri Arasındaki İlişki: Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Uygulaması

Abstract

Bu çalışma yolsuzluğun sağlık göstergeleri üzerindeki etkilerini ve yolsuzluğu etkileyen temel faktörleri yapısal eşitlik modeli ile ele alır. 126 ülkenin farklı kalkınma düzeyleri (veri kümesindeki heterojen yapı) dikkate alınarak Kısmi En Küçük Kareler yöntemi ile yapısal eşitlik modeli tahmin edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, çok gelişmiş ve gelişmiş kategorisinde yer alan ülkelerde yolsuzluğu etkileyen en önemli faktörler, demokrasi düzeyi, kişi başına düşen gelir ve kadınların eğitim düzeyidir. Kişi başına düşen gelir arttıkça, rejim demokratikleştikçe yolsuzluk düşer. Yolsuzluğun sağlık göstergeleri üzerinde etkisi güçlüdür, yolsuzluk düştükçe sağlık göstergeleri iyileşme gösterir. Orta ve düşük gelişmiş kategorisinde yer alan ülkeler için ise, kadınların eğitim düzeyi ve sağlık harcamaları, yolsuzluktan ve kişi başına düşen gelirden bağımsız olarak sağlık göstergelerini iyileştiren faktörlerdir. Bununla beraber rejim otokratikleştikçe, yolsuzluk artar.

Keywords

• Çoklu Grup Analizi,Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi,Sağlık Göstergeleri,Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli,Yolsuzluk

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