A New EPQ Model for Imperfect Production, Screening, and Rework With Backorders Under Grey Uncertainty
Year 2024,
Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 195 - 214, 31.12.2024
Abdullah Eroğlu
,
Erdal Aydemir
Abstract
The occurrence of imperfect products that are studied at a specific rate during production holds a significant and comprehensive position in the literature. The fundamental premises underlying the research on the EOQ and EPQ models are as follows: there exists a specific percentage of imperfect production; that the defective rate of production is in line with a certain probability distribution; and that defective products are in themselves defective, repairable (rework), and defective (selling at a low price) etc. The studies of EPQ models that consider the inspection rate and production rate hold significant significance in the literature. This work presents the development of a novel EPQ model to handle the issue of reduced production time to eliminate backorders. The model's functioning is described by including uncertainty modeling, specifically using grey values to represent production rate, costs and prices.
References
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- Aydemir, E., Bedir, F., Ozdemir, G., & Eroglu, A. (2014). An EPQ model with imperfect items using interval grey numbers. An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA), 5(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2015.00204
- Björk, K.-M. (2012). The Fuzzy Economic Order Quantity Problem with a Finite Production Rate and Backorders. Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing, 2012, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/876230
- Chan, W. M., Ibrahim, R. N., & Lochert, P. B. (2003). A new EPQ model: integrating lower pricing, rework and reject situations. Production Planning & Control, 14(7), 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537280310001626179
- Chiu, Y.-S., Chiu, S., & Lin, H.-D. (2006). Solving an EPQ Model with Rework and Service Level Constraint. Mathematical and Computational Applications, 11(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.3390/mca11010075
- Chung, K.-J., & Hou, K.-L. (2003). An optimal production run time with imperfect production processes and allowable shortages. Computers & Operations Research, 30(4), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(01)00091-0
- De, S. K., & Bhattacharya, K. (2022). A Pollution Sensitive Marxian Production Inventory Model with Deterioration Under Fuzzy System. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 192(2), 598–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-021-01979-9
- De Giovanni, P. (2019). An optimal control model with defective products and goodwill damages. Annals of Operations Research, 289(2), 419–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03176-4
- Dharmesh, K., & Kunal, S. (2022). Sustainable Economic Production Quantity (SEPQ) Model for Inventory Having Green Technology Investments - Price Sensitive Demand with Expiration Dates. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 56(3/2022), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/56.3.22.09
- Dobos, I., & Richter, K. (2003). A Production/Recycling Model With Stationary Demand And Return Rates. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 11, 35–46.
- Dobos, I., & Richter, K. (2004). An extended production/recycling model with stationary demand and return rates. International Journal of Production Economics, 90(3), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2003.09.007
- Eroglu, A., & Ozdemir, G. (2007). An economic order quantity model with defective items and shortages. International Journal of Production Economics, 106(2), 544–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.06.015
- Eroğlu, A., & Arslan, P. (2022). New Expansions In The Economic Production Quantity Model Containing Defective Products. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, 4(2), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.47933/ijeir.1133085
- Eroğlu, A., Sütçü, A., & Sulak, H. (2008). Rassal Olarak Kusurlu Uretim Yapan Uretim Surec\cleri Iċ\cin Ekonomik Uretim Miktarı Modeli. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(4), 923–929.
- Eroğlu, R., & Aydemir, E. (2020). Tamir sürecini içeren geri dönüşüm süreci için yeni bir envanter modeli geliştirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(4), 1086–1098. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.776390
- Eroğlu, R., & Aydemir, E. (2021). Geri dönüşüm sürecinde kusurlu yeniden üretim durumu için yeni bir envanter modeli. DEU Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen Ve Muhendislik, 23(68), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236804
- Gharaei, A., Hoseini Shekarabi, S. A., & Karimi, M. (2021). Optimal lot-sizing of an integrated EPQ model with partial backorders and re-workable products: an outer approximation. International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23302674.2021.2015007
- Glock, C. H., & Jaber, M. Y. (2013). An economic production quantity (EPQ) model for a customer-dominated supply chain with defective items, reworking and scrap. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 14(2), 236. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2013.051831
- Hayek, P. A., & Salameh, M. K. (2001). Production lot sizing with the reworking of imperfect quality items produced. Production Planning & Control, 12(6), 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/095372801750397707
- Hyun Kim, C., & Hong, Y. (1999). An optimal production run length in deteriorating production processes. International Journal of Production Economics, 58(2), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(98)00119-4
- Karagül, N., & Eroğlu, A. (2022). Production lot sizing with quality screening, rework and shortages backordered. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 28(4), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2021.16689
- Karbassi Yazdi, A., Kaviani, M. A., Sarfaraz, A. H., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., Wee, H.-M., & Tiwari, S. (2019). A comparative study on economic production quantity (EPQ) model under space constraint with different kinds of data. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 9(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-08-2018-0035
- Khalilpourazari, S., Mirzazadeh, A., Weber, G.-W., & Pasandideh, S. H. R. (2019). A robust fuzzy approach for constrained multi-product economic production quantity with imperfect items and rework process. Optimization, 69(1), 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2019.1630625
- Khara, B., Dey, J. K., & Mondal, S. K. (2020). Sustainable recycling in an imperfect production system with acceptance quality level dependent development cost and demand. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 142, 106300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2020.106300
- Kozlovskaya, N., Pakhomova, N., & Richter, K. (2016). The Optimal Disposal Rate for the Extended EOQ Repair and Waste Disposal Model with Switching Costs. In Nachhaltiges Entscheiden (pp. 549–568). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12506-6\_29
- Liu, S., & Forrest, J. Y.-L. (2010). Grey Systems: Theory and Applications. Springer Verlag.
- Liu, S., Yang, Y., & Forrest, J. (2017). Grey Data Analysis. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1841-1
- Mezei, J., & Björk, K.-M. (2015). An economic production quantity problem with backorders and fuzzy cycle times. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 28(4), 1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.3233/ifs-141472
- Nahmiasj, S., & Rivera, H. (1979). A deterministic model for a repairable item inventory system with a finite repair rate†. International Journal of Production Research, 17(3), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207547908919609
- Rezaei, J. (2016). Economic order quantity and sampling inspection plans for imperfect items. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 96, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.03.015
- Richter, K. (1997). Pure and mixed strategies for the EOQ repair and waste disposal problem. OR Spektrum, 19(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01545511
- Rosenblatt, M. J., & Lee, H. L. (1986). Economic Production Cycles with Imperfect Production Processes. IIE Transactions, 18(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/07408178608975329
- Rosmiati, R., Bahari, S., & Laka, A. (2022, ). Production Economic Management Model in Product Design. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science 2021 (Icast-SS 2021). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220301.061
- Salameh, M., & Jaber, M. (2000). Economic production quantity model for items with imperfect quality. International Journal of Production Economics, 64(1–3), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(99)00044-4
- Sana, S. S. (2010). An economic production lot size model in an imperfect production system. European Journal of Operational Research, 201(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.02.027
- Sanjai, M., & Periyasamy, S. (2019). An inventory model for imperfect production system with rework and shortages. International Journal of Operational Research, 34(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijor.2019.096939
- Schrady, D. A. (1967). A deterministic inventory model for reparable items. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 14(3), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.3800140310
- Shah, N. H., Patel, D. G., & Shah, D. B. (2016). EPQ model for returned/reworked inventories during imperfect production process under price-sensitive stock-dependent demand. Operational Research, 18(2), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-016-0267-4
- Soleymanfar, V. R., Makui, A., Taleizadeh, A. A., & Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R. (2021). Sustainable EOQ and EPQ models for a two-echelon multi-product supply chain with return policy. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(4), 5317–5343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01660-1
- Soni, H., & Shah, N. H. (2011). Optimal policy for fuzzy expected value production inventory model with imprecise production preparation-time. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2(4), 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-011-0020-5
- Taleizadeh, A. A., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., & Mohammadi, B. (2014). A deterministic multi product single machine EPQ model with backordering, scraped products, rework and interruption in manufacturing process. International Journal of Production Economics, 150, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.11.023
- Taleizadeh, A. A., Naghavi-Alhoseiny, M.-S., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., & Amjadian, A. (2024). Optimization of price, lot size and backordered level in an EPQ inventory model with rework process. RAIRO - Operations Research, 58(1), 803–819. https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023073
- Wang, X., & Tang, W. (2009). Fuzzy EPQ inventory models with backorder. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 22(2), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11424-009-9166-6
- Wee, H.-M., Wang, W.-T., & Yang, P.-C. (2013). A production quantity model for imperfect quality items with shortage and screening constraint. International Journal of Production Research, 51(6), 1869–1884. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.718453
- Widyadana, G. A., & Wee, H. M. (2009). Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) deteriorating inventory model with machine breakdown and stochastic repair time. 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 548–552. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2009.5373279
- Wu, M.-f., Chiu, Y.-s. p., & Sung, P.-c. (2014). Optimization of a multi-product EPQ model with scrap and an improved multi-delivery policy. Journal of Engineering Research, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.7603/s40632-014-0027-7
- Xie, N.-m., & Liu, S.-f. (2011). A novel grey relational model based on grey number sequences. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 1(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/20439371111163747
- Xie, N. (2017). Explanations about grey information and framework of grey system modeling. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 7(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-05-2017-0012
- Yang, Y., & Liu, S.-f. (2011). Reliability of operations of grey numbers using kernels. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 1(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/20439371111106731
- Çelik Eroğlu, Ş., & Şahin, Y. (2023). Geri Dönüşüm Süreci İçin Yeni Bir Bulanık Envanter Modeli. DEU Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen Ve Muhendislik, 25(73), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2023257303
Year 2024,
Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 195 - 214, 31.12.2024
Abdullah Eroğlu
,
Erdal Aydemir
References
- Aydemir, E., Bedir, F., & Ozdemir, G. (2015). Degree of Greyness Approach for an EPQ Model with Imperfect Items in Copper Wire Industry. Journal of Grey System, 27(2).
- Aydemir, E., Bedir, F., Ozdemir, G., & Eroglu, A. (2014). An EPQ model with imperfect items using interval grey numbers. An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA), 5(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2015.00204
- Björk, K.-M. (2012). The Fuzzy Economic Order Quantity Problem with a Finite Production Rate and Backorders. Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing, 2012, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/876230
- Chan, W. M., Ibrahim, R. N., & Lochert, P. B. (2003). A new EPQ model: integrating lower pricing, rework and reject situations. Production Planning & Control, 14(7), 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537280310001626179
- Chiu, Y.-S., Chiu, S., & Lin, H.-D. (2006). Solving an EPQ Model with Rework and Service Level Constraint. Mathematical and Computational Applications, 11(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.3390/mca11010075
- Chung, K.-J., & Hou, K.-L. (2003). An optimal production run time with imperfect production processes and allowable shortages. Computers & Operations Research, 30(4), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(01)00091-0
- De, S. K., & Bhattacharya, K. (2022). A Pollution Sensitive Marxian Production Inventory Model with Deterioration Under Fuzzy System. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 192(2), 598–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-021-01979-9
- De Giovanni, P. (2019). An optimal control model with defective products and goodwill damages. Annals of Operations Research, 289(2), 419–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03176-4
- Dharmesh, K., & Kunal, S. (2022). Sustainable Economic Production Quantity (SEPQ) Model for Inventory Having Green Technology Investments - Price Sensitive Demand with Expiration Dates. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 56(3/2022), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/56.3.22.09
- Dobos, I., & Richter, K. (2003). A Production/Recycling Model With Stationary Demand And Return Rates. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 11, 35–46.
- Dobos, I., & Richter, K. (2004). An extended production/recycling model with stationary demand and return rates. International Journal of Production Economics, 90(3), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2003.09.007
- Eroglu, A., & Ozdemir, G. (2007). An economic order quantity model with defective items and shortages. International Journal of Production Economics, 106(2), 544–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.06.015
- Eroğlu, A., & Arslan, P. (2022). New Expansions In The Economic Production Quantity Model Containing Defective Products. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, 4(2), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.47933/ijeir.1133085
- Eroğlu, A., Sütçü, A., & Sulak, H. (2008). Rassal Olarak Kusurlu Uretim Yapan Uretim Surec\cleri Iċ\cin Ekonomik Uretim Miktarı Modeli. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(4), 923–929.
- Eroğlu, R., & Aydemir, E. (2020). Tamir sürecini içeren geri dönüşüm süreci için yeni bir envanter modeli geliştirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(4), 1086–1098. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.776390
- Eroğlu, R., & Aydemir, E. (2021). Geri dönüşüm sürecinde kusurlu yeniden üretim durumu için yeni bir envanter modeli. DEU Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen Ve Muhendislik, 23(68), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236804
- Gharaei, A., Hoseini Shekarabi, S. A., & Karimi, M. (2021). Optimal lot-sizing of an integrated EPQ model with partial backorders and re-workable products: an outer approximation. International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23302674.2021.2015007
- Glock, C. H., & Jaber, M. Y. (2013). An economic production quantity (EPQ) model for a customer-dominated supply chain with defective items, reworking and scrap. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 14(2), 236. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2013.051831
- Hayek, P. A., & Salameh, M. K. (2001). Production lot sizing with the reworking of imperfect quality items produced. Production Planning & Control, 12(6), 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/095372801750397707
- Hyun Kim, C., & Hong, Y. (1999). An optimal production run length in deteriorating production processes. International Journal of Production Economics, 58(2), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(98)00119-4
- Karagül, N., & Eroğlu, A. (2022). Production lot sizing with quality screening, rework and shortages backordered. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 28(4), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.5505/pajes.2021.16689
- Karbassi Yazdi, A., Kaviani, M. A., Sarfaraz, A. H., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., Wee, H.-M., & Tiwari, S. (2019). A comparative study on economic production quantity (EPQ) model under space constraint with different kinds of data. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 9(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-08-2018-0035
- Khalilpourazari, S., Mirzazadeh, A., Weber, G.-W., & Pasandideh, S. H. R. (2019). A robust fuzzy approach for constrained multi-product economic production quantity with imperfect items and rework process. Optimization, 69(1), 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2019.1630625
- Khara, B., Dey, J. K., & Mondal, S. K. (2020). Sustainable recycling in an imperfect production system with acceptance quality level dependent development cost and demand. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 142, 106300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2020.106300
- Kozlovskaya, N., Pakhomova, N., & Richter, K. (2016). The Optimal Disposal Rate for the Extended EOQ Repair and Waste Disposal Model with Switching Costs. In Nachhaltiges Entscheiden (pp. 549–568). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12506-6\_29
- Liu, S., & Forrest, J. Y.-L. (2010). Grey Systems: Theory and Applications. Springer Verlag.
- Liu, S., Yang, Y., & Forrest, J. (2017). Grey Data Analysis. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1841-1
- Mezei, J., & Björk, K.-M. (2015). An economic production quantity problem with backorders and fuzzy cycle times. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 28(4), 1861–1868. https://doi.org/10.3233/ifs-141472
- Nahmiasj, S., & Rivera, H. (1979). A deterministic model for a repairable item inventory system with a finite repair rate†. International Journal of Production Research, 17(3), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207547908919609
- Rezaei, J. (2016). Economic order quantity and sampling inspection plans for imperfect items. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 96, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2016.03.015
- Richter, K. (1997). Pure and mixed strategies for the EOQ repair and waste disposal problem. OR Spektrum, 19(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01545511
- Rosenblatt, M. J., & Lee, H. L. (1986). Economic Production Cycles with Imperfect Production Processes. IIE Transactions, 18(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/07408178608975329
- Rosmiati, R., Bahari, S., & Laka, A. (2022, ). Production Economic Management Model in Product Design. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science 2021 (Icast-SS 2021). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220301.061
- Salameh, M., & Jaber, M. (2000). Economic production quantity model for items with imperfect quality. International Journal of Production Economics, 64(1–3), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(99)00044-4
- Sana, S. S. (2010). An economic production lot size model in an imperfect production system. European Journal of Operational Research, 201(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.02.027
- Sanjai, M., & Periyasamy, S. (2019). An inventory model for imperfect production system with rework and shortages. International Journal of Operational Research, 34(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijor.2019.096939
- Schrady, D. A. (1967). A deterministic inventory model for reparable items. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 14(3), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.3800140310
- Shah, N. H., Patel, D. G., & Shah, D. B. (2016). EPQ model for returned/reworked inventories during imperfect production process under price-sensitive stock-dependent demand. Operational Research, 18(2), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-016-0267-4
- Soleymanfar, V. R., Makui, A., Taleizadeh, A. A., & Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R. (2021). Sustainable EOQ and EPQ models for a two-echelon multi-product supply chain with return policy. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(4), 5317–5343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01660-1
- Soni, H., & Shah, N. H. (2011). Optimal policy for fuzzy expected value production inventory model with imprecise production preparation-time. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2(4), 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-011-0020-5
- Taleizadeh, A. A., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., & Mohammadi, B. (2014). A deterministic multi product single machine EPQ model with backordering, scraped products, rework and interruption in manufacturing process. International Journal of Production Economics, 150, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.11.023
- Taleizadeh, A. A., Naghavi-Alhoseiny, M.-S., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., & Amjadian, A. (2024). Optimization of price, lot size and backordered level in an EPQ inventory model with rework process. RAIRO - Operations Research, 58(1), 803–819. https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023073
- Wang, X., & Tang, W. (2009). Fuzzy EPQ inventory models with backorder. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 22(2), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11424-009-9166-6
- Wee, H.-M., Wang, W.-T., & Yang, P.-C. (2013). A production quantity model for imperfect quality items with shortage and screening constraint. International Journal of Production Research, 51(6), 1869–1884. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.718453
- Widyadana, G. A., & Wee, H. M. (2009). Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) deteriorating inventory model with machine breakdown and stochastic repair time. 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 548–552. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2009.5373279
- Wu, M.-f., Chiu, Y.-s. p., & Sung, P.-c. (2014). Optimization of a multi-product EPQ model with scrap and an improved multi-delivery policy. Journal of Engineering Research, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.7603/s40632-014-0027-7
- Xie, N.-m., & Liu, S.-f. (2011). A novel grey relational model based on grey number sequences. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 1(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/20439371111163747
- Xie, N. (2017). Explanations about grey information and framework of grey system modeling. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 7(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/gs-05-2017-0012
- Yang, Y., & Liu, S.-f. (2011). Reliability of operations of grey numbers using kernels. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 1(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/20439371111106731
- Çelik Eroğlu, Ş., & Şahin, Y. (2023). Geri Dönüşüm Süreci İçin Yeni Bir Bulanık Envanter Modeli. DEU Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen Ve Muhendislik, 25(73), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2023257303