Recent Developments in Pear Breeding

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 296 - 309, 29.12.2023

Melih Aydınlı , Fatma Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1399494

Abstract

Pear (Pyrus spp) is an important species among fruit species. It is cultivated in a wide range of geographical locations for commercial trade. It has a good value for cultivation and trade. As with other fruit species breeding programmes for pear need to be developed because of ecological conditions, consumers preference and some negative features. For this reason, new pear varieties and rootstocks must be bred. Pear breeding studies date back to the 16th century but real pear breeding programmes began in the 20th century. Pyrus spp. can be cultivated on five continents, this fact makes differences between the pear breeding programmes which have been established. In this study, breeding studies done in the near past and continuing studies have been evaluated according to countries and continents, and differences in the breeding studies aims were determined. Also recent breeding studies are introduced and data and results are given about these programmes.

Keywords

Pyrus, breeding pragramme, cultivar, rootstock

Armut Islahındaki Güncel Gelişmeler

Abstract

Meyve türleri içerisinde hem yetiştiricilik hem de ticari değer bakımından ön sıralarda bulunan armut (Pyrus spp), oldukça geniş bir coğrafyada ekonomik olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Diğer meyve türlerinde olduğu gibi armutta da tüketici istekleri, ekolojik koşullar ve yetiştiricilikte ortaya çıkan birtakım olumsuzluklar, ıslah programlarının başlatılmasını ve yeni çeşitlerin/anaçların geliştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Her ne kadar armut ıslahının temeli 16. yüzyıla kadar uzansa da gerçek anlamdaki ıslah programlarının başlaması 20. yüzyıla denk gelmektedir. Beş ana karada Pyrus cinsine ait farklı türlerin yetiştirilebiliyor olması, oluşturulan ıslah programlarının amaçlarında değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yakın geçmişte gerçekleştirilen ve halen devam eden armut ıslah programları kıtalara ve ülkelere göre incelenmiş olup, ıslah amaçlarında oluşan değişiklikler belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca güncel ıslah programları kısaca tanıtılarak, programların durumu ve çıktıları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.

Keywords

Pyrus, Islah programları, çeşit, anaç

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