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DÖNGÜSEL KENTLER VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ ÇEVRE MEVZUATININ UYGUNLUĞU

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 71 - 92, 06.10.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de belediyelere ilişkin mevzuatın döngüsel ekonomi ve buna bağlı olarak döngüsel kent anlayışı ile uyumlu olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, mevzuatın belediyelere sorumlu oldukları kenti “döngüsel kent” yapma ve onları döngüsel ekonomi bilinciyle yönetme izni verip vermediği de araştırılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, 2020 yılında Türkiye Çevre Ajansını kuran ilgili kanunla döngüsel ekonomi kavramı hem Çevre Kanunu’na hem de ilgili mevzuata işlenerek üst norm tarafından benimsenmiştir. Bu amaçlara paralel olarak, çalışmanın ilk bölümü döngüsel ekonominin kısa bir teorik arka planını sunmaktadır. Mevcut ekonomik sisteminin ‘üret-tüket-çöpe at’ şeklinde açık bir biçimde olmasının getirdiği zararların görünür hale gelmesiyle sistemin kabaca ‘üret-tüket-üretime yeniden kat’ olarak kapalı sisteme dönüştürülmesi gereksinimine de değinilmiştir. Sonraki bölümde, döngüsel ekonomi ve döngüsel kent kavramları arasında köprü kurarken, aynı zamanda kavramın literatür incelemesini de vermektedir. Döngüsel ekonomiye dair mevzuat incelenmeye ve uygulama usulleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye'deki çevre ve belediye mevzuatının döngüsel kent yaklaşımına uygunluğuna ilişkin değerlendirmeler ve önerilerle sona ermektedir. Gerçekleştirilen değerlendirmeler sonucunda döngüsel ekonominin ilkelerinin kentlere uygulanmasının döngüsel kent kavramını ortaya çıkardığı, Türkiye’de çevre yönetimi açısından döngüsel ekonomi ilkelerinin geç de olsa benimsendiği ve döngüsel kent stratejilerinin uygulanmasında çevre mevzuatı açısından uyum sağlanmış olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

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  • UCL. (2018b). How can cities become circular? The UCL Circular Cities Hub. http://circularcitieshub.com adresinden alındı.
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  • Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives, 2008/98/EC C.F.R. (2008).
  • United Nations. (1993). Agenda 21. New York.
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Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 71 - 92, 06.10.2022

Abstract

References

  • DEFRA. (2011). Guidance on applying the Waste Hierarchy. London: Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs.
  • European Commission. (2011). Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe. Brussels: Communication from The Commission to The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of The Regions
  • European Commission. (2013). Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. Belgium: European Union https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/738d80bb-7d10-47bc-b131-ba8110e7c2d6 adresinden alındı.
  • European Commission. (2015a). Communication From the Commission To the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of The Regions. Brussels: European Commission
  • European Commission. (2015b). Second Biennial Report of the European Union Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Brussels: European Commission
  • European Environment Agency. (2016a). Circular economy in Europe: Developing the knowledge base. Luxembourg: European Environment Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-andmaps/daviz/sds/household-expenditure-1/@@view adresinden alındı.
  • European Environment Agency. (2016b). Household Expenditure. European Environment Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/sds/household-expenditure-1/@@view adresinden alındı.
  • European Environment Agency. (2016c). Manufacturing and service waste. European Environment Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/sds/manufacturing-service-waste-excluding-majormineral-wastes-1/@@view adresinden alındı.
  • European Environment Agency. (2016d). Municipal Waste. European Environment Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and maps/daviz/sds/municipal-waste-generation-1/@@view adresinden alındı.
  • European Environment Agency. (2017). Circular Economy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9mHi93n2AI adresinden alındı.
  • EuroStat. (2014). Eurostat regional yearbook 2014. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
  • Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy–A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of cleaner production, 143, 757-768.
  • Halkos, G. E., & Petrou, K. N. (2016). Moving towards a circular economy: Rethinking waste management practices. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 3(2), 220-240.
  • Hobson, K., Lynch, N., Lilley, D., & Smalley, G. (2018). Systems of practice and the Circular Economy: Transforming mobile phone product service systems. Environmental innovation and societal transitions, 26, 147-157.
  • ICLEI. (2020). European Circular Cities Declaration. Circular Cities Declaration. https://circularcitiesdeclaration.eu/ adresinden alındı.
  • Jawahir, I., & Bradley, R. (2016). Technological elements of circular economy and the principles of 6Rbased closed-loop material flow in sustainable manufacturing. Procedia Cirp, 40, 103-108.
  • Li, L. (2018). Carbon Cycle. Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/carbon-cycle/ adresinden alındı.
  • Marin, J., & De Meulder, B. (2018). Interpreting circularity. Circular city representations concealing transition drivers. Sustainability, 10(5), 1310.
  • Marques, A., Guedes, G., & Ferreira, F. (2017). Leather wastes in the Portuguese footwear industry: new framework according design principles and circular economy. Procedia Engineering, 200, 303-308. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.043
  • Mativenga, P. T., Agwa-Ejon, J., Mbohwa, C., & Shuaib, N. A. (2017). Circular economy ownership models: a view from South Africa industry. Procedia Manufacturing, 8, 284-291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.036
  • MBDC. (2018). Cradle to Cradle Book. https://mbdc.com/project/cradle-to-cradle-book/ adresinden alındı.
  • McPherson, B. (2014). Carbon Cycle. In D. Rowe (Ed.), Achieving Sustainability: Visions, Principles, and Practices (pp. 97-103). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA.
  • PeterboroughDNA. (2015). What is a Circular City? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpj7C3H8lmw adresinden alındı.
  • Pomponi, F., & Moncaster, A. (2017). Circular economy for the built environment: A research framework. Journal of cleaner production, 143, 710-718.
  • Prendeville, S., Cherim, E., & Bocken, N. (2018). Circular cities: mapping six cities in transition. Environmental innovation and societal transitions, 26, 171-194.
  • Sauvé, S., Bernard, S., & Sloan, P. (2016). Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research. Environmental development, 17, 48-56.
  • The Blue-Green Cities Research Project. (2018). What is a Blue-Green City. Blue Green Cities. http://www.bluegreencities.ac.uk adresinden alındı.
  • The Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2011). Re-thinking Progress: The Circular Economy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCRKvDyyHmI adresinden alındı.
  • The Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2013a). Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. Towards the Circular Economy. 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCRKvDyyHmI adresinden alındı.
  • The Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2013b). Towards the Circular Economy: Opportunities for the consumer goods sector. Towards the Circular Economy. 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCRKvDyyHmI adresinden alındı.
  • The Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2017). Cities in the Circular Economy: An Initial Exploration. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Cities-in-the-CE_An- Initial-Exploration.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Troschinetz, A. M., & Mihelcic, J. R. (2009). Sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in developing countries. Waste management, 29(2), 915-923. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.04.016Get
  • TÜÇA. (2022). Depozito Yönetim Sistemi Nedir? https://tuca.gov.tr/sayfa/depozito-yonetim-sistemi-nedir adresinden alındı.
  • UCL. (2018a). About. Circular Cities Hub. http://circularcitieshub.com/about-2/ adresinden alındı.
  • UCL. (2018b). How can cities become circular? The UCL Circular Cities Hub. http://circularcitieshub.com adresinden alındı.
  • UCL. (2018c). Our Mission. Circular Cities Hub. http://circularcitieshub.com/about-2/ adresinden alındı.
  • UNEP. (2012). Global Environment Outlook (GEO) - 5 for local government: solving global problems locally. UN Environment. https://www.unep.org/resources/global-environment-outlook-5 adresinden alındı.
  • UNEP. (2018). Why does green economy matter? . UN Environment. https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/green-economy/why-does-green-economy-matter adresinden alındı.
  • Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives, 2008/98/EC C.F.R. (2008).
  • United Nations. (1993). Agenda 21. New York.
  • Webster, K. (2021). Why is a cross scale circular economy crucial? Urban(7), 30. https://mbbkulturyayinlari.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Urban.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • WHO. (2014). Urban population growth. Global Health Observatory (GHO). http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth/en/ adresinden alındı.
  • Zwijger, P. d. (2018). The Circularity. Cities in Transition. https://citiesintransition.eu/transition/circular-city adresinden alındı.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hakan Yaş 0000-0001-6686-1899

Publication Date October 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yaş, H. (2022). DÖNGÜSEL KENTLER VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ ÇEVRE MEVZUATININ UYGUNLUĞU. Anadolu Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 71-92.

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