Author Guidelines

DOCUMENTS

Submitted manuscripts must not contain any information that may identify the authors. The Full Text File must be prepared anonymously and must not include author names, affiliations, acknowledgements, author notes, or any other identifying information. During the submission process, authors must enter all required author information, including name, surname, academic title, ORCID, institutional affiliation, and contact information, completely and accurately into the journal management system. Author information must also be provided in the Title Page.

The following documents must be uploaded to the system during the submission process:

Full Text File (Anonymized manuscript)
Title Page & Author Information Form
Copyright and Licensing Form (Each author must complete and sign the form separately.
Conflict of Interest and Author Contribution Form (Each author must complete and sign the form separately.)
Originality Report
Artificial Intelligence Usage Report
Artificial Intelligence Declaration Form
Ethical Approval Form (if required)
Article Withdrawal Form (if required)
Authorship Waiver Form and Change Approval Form (if required)

Final Proofreading Process

The journal places particular importance on the final proofreading stage, which constitutes the final editorial control before publication. At this stage, manuscripts are carefully reviewed for compliance with the journal’s writing, citation, reference, and formatting rules.
Particular attention is paid to matters such as the correct presentation of references, consistency between in-text citations and the reference list, compliance of in-text citations with the journal’s rules, completeness of bibliographic information, and conformity with the journal’s other formal and stylistic requirements. Authors are expected to carefully review and complete all correction requests communicated during this stage.
If the required corrections are not satisfactorily completed, the manuscript may be returned to the author for revision up to two times. If applicable corrections remain unaddressed after the second request, the manuscript may be postponed to a subsequent issue until the required corrections are completed.
In addition, where an author persistently declines to make corrections required for compliance with the journal’s publication, writing, citation, or formatting standards without an acceptable justification, the Editorial Board reserves the right to return the manuscript from the publication process, even if the manuscript has previously been accepted for publication.

GENERAL RULES

The journal accepts manuscripts only in English.
Manuscripts submitted to the journal must be original, must not have been previously published, and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere at the same time.
The Full Text File must be uploaded as an anonymous Word file and must remain anonymized throughout the editorial and peer review process. Authors must ensure that all identifying information contained in the document properties and metadata is removed before submission. Manuscripts that do not comply with these requirements may be returned to the authors for correction or removed from the review process.
If ethics committee approval is required for the research, the Ethical Approval Form must be uploaded to the system together with the manuscript.
The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, inappropriate authorship practices, or any other form of research and publication misconduct.
Submitted manuscripts are screened for similarity and artificial intelligence use through Turnitin and/or other relevant software tools during the editorial review process. The reports generated by these tools are considered as part of the editorial evaluation process. The editorial board has adopted the following rules regarding similarity and artificial intelligence use:
- Manuscripts with a similarity score higher than 20% (excluding bibliography) may be rejected without peer review or returned to the authors for revision, depending on the nature and extent of the similarity identified in the report and the editorial assessment of the manuscript.
- Manuscripts with a similarity score of 20% or lower (excluding bibliography) may proceed to the review process, provided that they comply with the journal’s ethical and editorial standards.
- Manuscripts with an artificial intelligence usage score higher than 20% may be rejected without peer review or returned to the authors for revision, depending on the nature and extent of the artificial intelligence use identified in the report, the authors’ declaration, and the editorial assessment of the manuscript.
- Manuscripts with an artificial intelligence usage score of 20% or lower may proceed to the review process, provided that the use of artificial intelligence is properly declared and complies with the journal’s artificial intelligence usage policy.
The use of artificial intelligence tools does not remove the authors’ responsibility for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of the submitted work. Authors are fully responsible for all content generated, edited, or supported by artificial intelligence tools.
Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the journal’s manuscript template and author guidelines. Submissions that do not comply with the template or formatting requirements may be returned to the authors before editorial evaluation.
Authors are responsible for ensuring that all in-text citations and references are prepared in accordance with the citation and reference style adopted by the journal. All sources cited in the manuscript must be included in the reference list, and all sources listed in the references must be cited in the manuscript.
Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of the information, data, citations, references, ethical declarations, and all other content included in the submitted manuscript.
Authors are responsible for obtaining the necessary permissions for any copyrighted material, including figures, tables, scales, images, or extended quotations used in the manuscript.

MAIN TEXT WRITING RULES

Manuscripts must be prepared by using the journal’s Full Text File template. Authors are expected to use the Styles feature in the Word template, as the styles have been designed in accordance with the journal’s formatting requirements:

The page layout must be set as follows: top 2.5 cm, bottom 2.5 cm, left 2.5 cm, and right 2.5 cm.
The main text must be written in Times New Roman, 11-point font size, justified, and with 1.5 line spacing.
There must be a single line space (12 pt) between paragraphs. Each paragraph must start 1 cm from the left.
The manuscript must not exceed 30 pages, including the references.
Headings must not be numbered. Manuscripts must use a maximum of three heading levels:
- Level 1: Left-aligned, bold, and all capitals
- Level 2: Left-aligned, bold, and title case
- Level 3: Left-aligned, bold, and sentence case
The titles of tables and figures must be left-aligned, and only the first letter of the first word should be capitalized. Tables and figures must be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript.
If a table or figure is adapted from or based on another source, the source must be indicated directly below the relevant table or figure.
Tables must be prepared in accordance with the format provided in the journal template. The text within tables must be set in 10-point (pt) font. There must be a 3-point (pt) space between rows within tables.
If equation numbers are used, they must be placed in parentheses and aligned to the right.

ABSTRACT

The title of the manuscript must be centered and written in Times New Roman, 13-point font size, and in capital letters.
The abstract must be between 100 and 250 words.
The manuscript must include at least two JEL codes.
The manuscript must include a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 5 keywords.
The titles of Abstract, Keywords, and JEL Codes must be bold, left-aligned, and capitalized only on the first letter. The abstract, keywords, and JEL codes must be formatted in Times New Roman, 10-point font size, and with single line spacing.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

All sources cited in the manuscript must be included in the reference list, and all sources listed in the references must be cited in the manuscript. In-text citations must not be provided as footnotes. Citations must be prepared in accordance with the APA Style 7th edition. The following examples illustrate the basic in-text citation formats:

A work by one author: (Hull, 2018) or (Hull, 2018, p. 21)
A work by two authors: (Chance & Brooks, 2010) or (Chance & Brooks, 2010, p. 150)
A work by three or more authors: (Bakshi et al., 2003) or (Bakshi et al., 2003, p. 3)
Narrative citation: Hull (2018) states that ... or Chance and Brooks (2010) argue that ...
Direct quotation: For direct quotations, the relevant page number must be included in the in-text citation, such as (Hull, 2018, p. 21).
Organization as an author, first citation: (Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye [CBRT], 2003)
Organization as an author, subsequent citations: (CBRT, 2003)
Two or more works in the same parentheses: (Bakshi et al., 2003; Hull, 2018)
Two or more works by the same author published in different years: (Hull, 2015, 2018)
Two or more works by the same author in the same year: (Hull, 2018a, 2018b)

REFERENCES

The reference list must be prepared in Times New Roman, 11-point font size, and with single line spacing.
All references must be listed in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author. All sources cited in the manuscript must be included in the reference list, and all sources listed in the references must be cited in the manuscript.
The journal uses the APA Style 7th Edition for references and in-text citations. Examples of frequently used source types are provided below. For source types not covered in these examples, authors should follow the rules of the APA Style 7th Edition.

Note on DOIs and URLs

A DOI must be included whenever one has been assigned to a work and must be presented in the format https://doi.org/xxxxx. If both a DOI and a URL are available, only the DOI should be included. A URL must not be added merely because a source was accessed online. When no DOI is available, a URL may be included only if it provides stable, direct, and publicly accessible access to the cited work or its official record. Authors should use the official webpage of the publisher, journal, institution, government agency, data repository, or other organization responsible for the work. A stable landing page containing the work’s bibliographic information should be preferred over a temporary file-download link.

URLs from academic research databases, library catalogues, institutional proxy systems, search engines, URL shorteners, commercial booksellers, unauthorized file-sharing websites, or temporary session-based pages must not be included. ResearchGate, Academia.edu, personal webpages, or unofficial PDF links should not be used when an official publisher, journal, institutional repository, data repository, or DOI record is available. Tracking parameters and other unnecessary elements must be removed from URLs. DOIs and URLs must not be followed by a period.

1. Periodicals

If a DOI has been assigned to the article, it must be included in the format https://doi.org/xxxxx. If the article does not have a DOI and was retrieved from an academic research database, no database name or URL should be included. If an article without a DOI is published on a website and a direct URL is necessary for readers to access the work, the URL may be provided.

1.1. Article in a print journal

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), xx–xx.

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5–13.

1.2. Article with DOI in an electronic journal

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Behrent, M. C. (2013). Foucault and technology. History and Technology, 29(1), 54–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2013.780351

Erdem, F., & Aytemur, J. Ö. (2008). Mentoring-A relationship based on trust: Qualitative research. Public Personnel Management, 37(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600803700104

1.3. Article without DOI in an electronic journal

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), xx–xx. URL

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31

1.4. Article in a magazine

Author, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of the article. Title of Magazine, volume(issue), xx–xx. DOI or URL (if available)

Ryst, K. (2024, December). Housing Africa’s growing population. Finance & Development, 61(4), 38–39.

2. Books

If a DOI has been assigned to the work, the DOI must be included. The publisher’s location must not be included. The edition number must be provided in parentheses after the title when the work is not the first edition.

2.1. Authored book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.

2.2. Authored book with an edition number

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (xth ed.). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Mankiw, N. G. (2021). Principles of economics (9th ed.). Cengage.

2.3. Edited book, no author

Editor, A. A., & Editor, B. B. (Eds.). (Year). Title of the book. Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Hygum, E., & Pedersen, P. M. (Eds.). (2010). Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192

2.4. Edited book with an author or authors

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (B. B. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)

Malory, T. (2017). Le morte darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469–1470)

2.5. A translation

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (B. B. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)

Kant, I. (2016). Critique of pure reason (P. Guyer & A. W. Wood, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1781)

Note: When a republished work is cited in the manuscript, both dates should be provided: Kant (1781/2016).

2.6. Article or chapter in an edited book

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Watson, J. (1998). Engineering education in Japan after the Iwakura mission. In I. Nish (Ed.), The Iwakura mission in America and Europe: A new assessment (pp. 108–112). Japan Library.

3. Other Print and Institutional Sources

3.1. Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia with a group author

Group Author. (Year). Title of the entry. In Title of the reference work (xth ed., pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. (1997). Goat. In Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed., pp. 499–500). Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

3.2. Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia with an individual author

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the entry. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of the reference work (xth ed., pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Schwarz, W. (2018). Quantum mechanics. In K. L. Schilke (Ed.), Encyclopedia of theoretical physics (2nd ed., pp. 45–49). Academic Press.

3.3. Published dissertation or master’s thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the dissertation or thesis (Publication No. xxxxx) [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis, Name of Institution]. Database or Archive. URL

Smith, J. R. (2020). The impact of climate change on agricultural practices (Publication No. 123456) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

3.4. Unpublished dissertation or master’s thesis

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the dissertation or thesis [Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis]. Name of Institution.

Law, Y. (2021). Three essays on expectations in macroeconomics and finance [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Graduate School of Binghamton University.

3.5. Federal or state statute

Name of Act, Public Law Number, Volume Source Page (Year). URL

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/pdf/PLAW-111publ148.pdf

3.6. Report by a government agency or other organization

Government Agency or Organization. (Year). Title of the report (Report No. xxx, if available). URL

World Health Organization. (2021). 2021 mid-year report-WHO strategic action against COVID-19. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who_sprp-mid-year-report-2021.pdf

When the author and publisher are the same organization, the publisher’s name must not be repeated in the reference.

3.7. Report by individual authors at a government agency or other organization

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the report (Report No. xxx, if available). Government Agency or Organization. URL

Msafiri, D. (2021). Enhancing competitiveness of rice industry in Tanzania. Research on Poverty Alleviation. https://www.africaportal.org/publications/enhancing-competitiveness-rice-industry-tanzania/

3.8. Working paper

The working paper series and paper number must be provided in parentheses after the title. If a DOI has been assigned to the working paper, the DOI must be included.

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the working paper (Working Paper Series No. xxx). Institution. DOI or URL

Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2015). Measuring economic policy uncertainty (NBER Working Paper No. 21633). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w21633

4. Conference Materials

A conference presentation that has not been formally published and a conference paper published in proceedings must not be referenced in the same way.

4.1. Conference paper or presentation not formally published

Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month Day–Day). Title of the presentation [Paper presentation]. Name of Conference, City, State/Province, Country. DOI or URL

Proudfoot, F. (2015, February 18–20). Understanding cultural differences at the frontline [Paper presentation]. Australasian Housing Researchers Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. http://ahrc2015.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Fiona%20Proudfoot.pdf

4.2. Conference paper published in proceedings

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the paper. In D. D. Editor (Ed.), Title of the conference proceedings (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI or URL

Bowles, T., Musgrove, E., & Hornsby, Z. (2009). The consistency of attachment styles: An experiment eliciting a response to acceptance or rejection. In Z. J. Hazelwood (Ed.), Connecting research and practice in relationships: Conference proceedings (pp. 9–14). Australian Psychological Society.

If the proceedings are published as a journal issue, the reference must be formatted as a journal article.

5. Electronic Sources

5.1. Webpage or piece of online content

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL

Packer, A. J. (2021, February 5). GameStonk-What behavioral finance teaches us about the thrill and agony behind stock picking. SineCera Capital. https://www.sineceracapital.com/our-thoughts/gamestop-behavioral-finance

If the author of the webpage is not listed, the reference should begin with the title. When the author and the website name are the same, the website name must not be repeated.

5.2. Webpage with no listed author

Title of the webpage. (Year, Month Day). Website Name. URL

Tuscan white bean pasta. (2018, February 25). Budget Bytes. https://www.budgetbytes.com/tuscan-white-bean-pasta

5.3. Wikipedia article

Title of entry. (Year, Month Day). In Wikipedia. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Option. (2024, October 4). In Wikipedia. Retrieved October 4, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_(finance)

Because Wikipedia articles are designed to change over time, a retrieval date must be included.

5.4. Online news article

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Name of News Source. URL

Gorman, S. (2022, October 7). Latest four-member SpaceX crew, including cosmonaut, welcomed aboard space station. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/four-member-spacex-crew-nears-rendezvous-with-space-station-2022-10-06/

6. Data Sets and Statistical Databases

The institution or individual responsible for the data must be identified as the author. The title of the data set or indicator must be italicized and followed by the description “[Data set].” A DOI or direct URL must be included when available.

A retrieval date must be provided for data sets or statistical indicators that are designed to change over time. For archived or fixed-version data sets, the publication year and version number should be provided when available.

6.1. Dynamically updated data set or statistical indicator

Author or Institution. (n.d.). Title of the data set or indicator [Data set]. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

World Bank. (n.d.). GDP (current US$) [Data set]. Retrieved August 3, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD

The bracketed retrieval date in this example must be replaced with the actual date on which the data were accessed.

6.2. Archived or fixed-version data set

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the data set (Version x.x) [Data set]. Repository. DOI or URL

Schlosser, I., & Russell, T. (2025). Data to support downscaling regional economic activity (Version 0.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17235586

Last Update Time: September 14, 2026