Uluslararası Hukukta Disiplinler Arası İşbirliğine Önemli Bir Örnek: İran-ABD İddiaları Hakem Mahkemesi

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 35 - 61, 31.10.2016

Beyza Özturanlı

Abstract

Kasım 1979’da İran ve ABD arasındaki, Tahran’da bulunan ABD büyükelçiliği baskını ve elçilik personelinin rehin alınması olayları ile başlayan, ardından ABD tarafından İran vatandaşlarına ait malvarlıklarına el konulması ve ticari ilişkilerin durdurulmasına yönelik bir dizi yaptırımın devreye girmesiyle şiddetlenen uyuşmazlık, Cezayir’in arabuluculuğunda kabul edilen Bildiriler ile Ocak 1981’de çözüm aşamasına taşınmıştır.
İki egemen devlet arasında, önemli ulusal menfaatleri ihtiva eden çok boyutlu bir uyuşmazlığın, uluslararası kamu hukuku enstrümanlarıyla kurulan bir uluslararası mahkeme tarafından, uluslararası özel hukuk kişilerine ve özel hukuka ilişkin iddiaları da içerecek şekilde çözüme kavuşturulması, uyuşmazlıkların barışçıl çözümü bakımından olumlu bir adım olduğu kadar, kamu hukukunun ve özel hukukun tahkim alanındaki işbirliğini göstermektedir.
Uluslararası tahkim, özellikle 20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru uluslararası ticaret hukuku uygulamasının hakimiyeti altına girmiş ve literatürde uluslararası kamu hukuku tahkimine neredeyse rastlanamaz hale gelmiştir. Oysa her iki disiplinin kendi sınırları içerisindeki tahkim uygulaması arasında ne gibi bir ayrım olduğu hususu da ortaya konulmamıştır. Bu anlamda İran-ABD İddiaları Hakem Mahkemesi, kuruluşu, yargılama usulü ve kararlarının bakımından, uluslararası tahkimin, günümüz uluslararası kamu hukuku ve uluslararası özel hukuktaki görünümünü ve işbirliğini gösteren önemli bir örnektir.

Keywords

Uluslararası Hukuk, İran, ABD, İran-ABD İddiaları Hakem Mahkemesi

This Multidimensional Dispute Between Two Sovereign States Containing The High National İnterests

Abstract

The dispute between Iran and USA which started in November 1979 with the irruption and hostage taking in USA Embassy of Tehran and became intensified with sanctions including the asset freezing and cassation of business by USA against to Iran, has been get to the phase of solution by the Declarations admitted between two countries under the conciliation of Algeria in January 1984.
This multidimensional dispute between two sovereign States containing the high national interests of them has been resolved by an arbitral tribunal established by the instruments of public international law. Filing claims arising out of the public and private international law before the same tribunal is an important step in respect of peaceful settlement of international dispute and indicates the cooperation of public and private international law as well.
International arbitration have fall under the hegemony of private international law lately in the 20th century. It has been a slight chance to some across the public international law arbitration. However the difference between public and private international arbitration has not been established clearly. In this context, Iran-USA Arbitral Tribunal is a significant model in the terms of its organization, adjudication and the cooperation of the public and private international law.

Keywords

Multidimensional Dispute, States Containing, The High National İnterests

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