Afrika Turizmi Üzerine Bir Bibliyometrik Analiz

Öz

Turizm, Afrika’daki ülkeler için potansiyel ekonomik fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Afrika'nın turizm kaynakları arasında doğal ve kültürel çekim merkezleri vahşi yaşam alanları ve eşsiz plajlar yer almaktadır. Ancak turizmin kıta ekonomisine katkısı ekonomik durgunluk, doğal felaketler, güvenlik endişeleri, sürdürülebilir turizm politikalarının yoksunluğu ve politik istikrarsızlık gibi nedenlerden dolayı kısıtlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada “Afrika” ve “Turizm” kavramlarını betimsel analiz yöntemi yardımıyla doküman inceleme modeli kullanılarak analiz edilmiş olup bu kavramların bibliyometrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Web of Science veri tabanında “Africa” ve “Tourism” kavramları birlikte aratılarak 1982 ve 2023 yılları arasındaki 2584 veriye ulaşılmıştır. Daha sonra ise Uygulanan birtakım kısıtlamalardan sonra Hospitality Leisure Sport Tourism dergisinde yayınlanan 523 adet veri çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen veriler R programına bütünleşik olan Biblioshiny yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda “Afrika” ve “Turizm” kavramına ilişkin en fazla yayın yapılan yılın 2018 olduğu, en fazla yayın yapan yazarın Saayman M. olduğu ve en üretken ülkenin Güney Afrika olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turizm
• Afrika
• Afrika Turizmi
• Bibliyometrik Analiz

A Bibliometric Analysis on African Tourism

Abstract

Tourism offers potential economic opportunities for countries in Africa. Africa's tourism resources include natural and cultural attractions, wildlife areas, and unique beaches. However, the contribution of tourism to the continent's economy is limited due to economic recession, natural disasters, security concerns, lack of sustainable tourism policies, and political instability. In this study, the concepts of "Africa" and "Tourism" were analyzed using the document analysis model with the help of the descriptive analysis method, and it was aimed to determine the bibliometric characteristics of these concepts. For this purpose, 2584 data between 1982 and 2023 were reached by searching the concepts of "Africa" and "Tourism" together in the Web of Science database. Afterward, after some restrictions were applied, 523 data published in the Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport Tourism formed the universe of the study. The obtained data were analyzed with the help of Biblioshiny which is integrated into the R program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that 2018 was the year with the most publications on the concept of "Africa" and "Tourism", Saayman M. was the author with the most publications and the most productive country was South Africa.

Keywords

• Tourism
• Africa
• African Tourism
• Bibliometric Analysis

References

1. Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2020). ICT, infrastructure, and tourism development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 26(1), 97-114.
2. Adeola, O., Boso, N., & Evans, O. (2018). Drivers of international tourism demand in Africa. Business Economics, 53, 25-36.
3. Ankomah, P. K., & Crompton, J. L. (1990). Unrealized tourism potential: The case of sub-Saharan Africa. Tourism Management, 11(1), 11-28.
4. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). “Bibliometrix: “An R-Tool For Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis”. Journal Of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975, Elsevier, Doı: 10.1016/J.Joi.2017.08.007.
5. Bakır, M., Özdemir, E., Akan, Ş., & Atalık, Ö. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of airport service quality. Journal Of Air Transport Management, 104(July), 1–14. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jairtraman.2022.102273
6. Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Luzon, L. I., Usman, M., & Jahanger, A. (2023). The relevance of international tourism and natural resource rents in economic growth: Fresh evidence from MINT countries in the digital era. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-18.
7. Barrios, M., Borrego, A., Vilaginés, A., Ollé, C., & Somoza, M. (2008). A bibliometric study of psychological research on tourism. Scientometrics, 77, 453-467.
8. Booyens, I., & Rogerson, C. M. (2016). Tourism innovation in the global South: evidence from the Western Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5), 515-524.

9. Bornmann, L., & Leydesdorff, L. (2014). Scientometrics in a changing research landscape: bibliometrics has become an integral part of research quality evaluation and has been changing the practice of research. EMBO reports, 15(12), 1228-1232.
10. Boyack, K. W., Klavans, R., & Börner, K. (2005). Mapping the backbone of science. Scientometrics, 64, 351-374.
11. Butler, G., & Rogerson, C. M. (2016). Inclusive local tourism development in South Africa: Evidence from Dullstroom. Local Economy, 31(1-2), 264-281.
12. Cancino, C., Merigó, J. M., Coronado, F., Dessouky, Y., & Dessouky, M. (2017). Forty years of computers & ındustrial engineering: A bibliometric analysis. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 113, 614–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2017.08.033
13. Çiçek, D., & Kozak, N. (2012). Anatolia: Turizm araştırmaları dergisi’nde yayımlanan hakem denetimli makalelerin bibliyometrik profili. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26(4), 734–756. http://www.anatoliajournal.
14. Dieke, P. U. (2020). Tourism in Africa: Issues and prospects. Sustainable Human Resource Management in Tourism: African Perspectives, 9-27.
15. Diko, M. (2023). A sociological perspective on making South African tourism monumental through folklore. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 12(1), 212-219.
16. Diodato, V. (2012). Dictionary of bibliometrics. Routledge: New York.
17. Du, H., Wei, L., Brown, M. A., Wang, Y., & Shi, Z. (2013). A bibliometric analysis of recent energy efficiency literatures: an expanding and shifting focus. Energy Efficiency, 6, 177-190.
18. Fayissa, B., Nsiah, C., & Tadasse, B. (2008). The Impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 807-818.
19. Karakaş, A., & Türkseven, Y. Ç. (2022). Turizm gelirlerinin milli gelir üzerindeki etkisi: Akdeniz havzası ülkeleri için bir panel veri analizi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11 (1) , 341-356.
20. Kozak, N., Kozak, M.A., & Kozak, M. (2021). Genel turizm ilkeler ve kavramlar. Yenilenmiş 23. Baskı. Ankara: Detay yayıncılık.
21. Kwaramba, H. M., Lovett, J. C., Louw, L., & Chipumuro, J. (2012). Emotional confidence levels and success of tourism development for poverty reduction The South African Kwame Makana home-stay project. Tourism Management, 33(4), 885–894.
22. Lambulira, M., & Bello, F.G. (2022). Challenges to tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A case of Malawi. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, (Volume XIII, Spring), 2(58): 391-402.
23. Lee, J. W., & Brahmasrene, T. (2016). Tourism effects on the environment and economic sustainability of sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 23(3), 221-232.
24. Lepp, A. (2002). Globalization, ecotourism and the promise of development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tourism Recreation Research, 27(1), 61–68.
25. López‐Fernández, M. C., Serrano‐Bedia, A. M., & Pérez‐Pérez, M. (2016). Entrepreneurship and family firm research: A bibliometric analysis of an emerging field. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(2), 622-639.
26. MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 79(3), 589-603.
27. Mkwizu, K. H. (2019), Digital marketing and tourism: Opportunities for Africa. International Hospitality Review. 34(1), 5-12.
28. Mori, Y., Kuroda, M., & Makino, N. (2016). Nonlinear principal component analysis and its applications. Berlin: Springer.
29. Nyasha, S., Odhiambo, N. M., & Asongu, S. A. (2021). The impact of tourism development on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The European Journal of Development Research, 33, 1514-1535.
30. Nyikana, S., & Bama, H. K. (2023). Domestic tourism as a recovery strategy in the face of COVID-19: Insights from South Africa. Acta Commercii, 23(1), 10.
31. Olorunfemi, F., & Raheem, U. A. (2008). Sustainable tourism development in Africa: The imperative for tourists/host communities security. Journal of Sustainable development in Africa, 10(3), 201-220.
32. Pritchard, A. (1969). Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics? Journal of Documentation, 25, 348-349.
33. Saayman, M., Rossouw, R., & Krugell, W. (2012). The impact of tourism on poverty in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 29(3), 462-487.
34. Saçık, S. Y., Akar, G., & Gülmez, Z. (2019). Turizm gelirlerinin cari işlemler dengesi üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (42), 303-316.
35. Signé, L. (2018). Africa's tourism potential. Trends, drivers, opportunities and strategies, Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings pg, 1.
36. Suleiman, M.A. (2023), The impact of the tourism supply chain on sustainable performance in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Tanzania, Management of Environmental Quality, 34(2), 492-510.
37. Tunger, D., & Eulerich, M. (2018). Bibliometric analysis of corporate governance research in German-speaking countries: applying bibliometrics to business research using a custom-made database. Scientometrics, 117, 2041-2059.
38. UNWTO (2019), Affiliate members regional reports, volume four –tourism in Africa: A Tool for Development, UNWTO, Madrid, (Erişim: 16.03.2023), https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/2019-09/AM-Regional-Report-Volume-four-Tourism-in-Africa-A-Tool-for-Development.pdf
39. Van der Schyff, T., Meyer, D., & Ferreira, L. (2019). An analysis of the impact of the tourism sector as a viable response to South Africa’s growth and development challenges. Journal of International Studies, 12(1), 168-183.
40. Viljoen, J., & Tlabela, K. (2007). Rural tourism development in South Africa trends and challenges. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press
41. Wos, Clarivate Web of Science. "Aranan: Afrika ve Turizm". 26.04.2023. https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/ solutions/web-of-science
42. Xie, H., Zhang, Y., Zeng, X., & He, Y. (2020). Sustainable land use and management research: a scientometric review. Landscape Ecology, 35, 2381-2411.
43. Xu, C., Yang, Y., Dossou, T. A. M., Berhe, M. W., & Ndomandji Kambaye, E. (2022). Does corruption undermine tourism development in Africa?. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-18.
44. Zan, B.A. (2012). Türkiye’de bilim dallarında karşılaştırmalı bibliyometrik analiz çalışması, (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi), Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Bilgi Belge Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.