Research Article

From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE)

Volume: 14 Number: 2 August 30, 2026
EN TR

From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between the Kura-Aras and the Trialeti cultures, both of which played significant roles in the ancient South Caucasus. The ceramic typology, architectural arrangements, economic activities, burial practices, and metalworking associated with the Kura-Aras Culture have been evaluated alongside the material culture data of the Trialeti Culture. The data have been examined taking into account technical and formal characteristics, and the relationships between these elements and social structure, ideological understanding, and ritual practices have been considered. The archaeological data show that the Kura-Aras Culture was influential across a wide geographical area for an extended period. This situation paved the way for the emergence of common material culture elements in different regions. In the Trialeti culture, cultural accumulation continued, although noticeable changes occurred in some areas. In particular, the diversification observed in burial practices and metal finds points to a differentiation in the social structure. These data indicate that the relationship between the Kura-Aras and Trialeti cultures encompasses elements of both continuity and transformation. Furthermore, the South Caucasus was not merely a local cultural area during this process, but rather a region connected to the Near East and Eurasia.

Keywords

References

  1. Altunkaynak, G., Işıklı, M., & Erkmen, M. (2018). In the light of new evidence from the Erzurum Plain: An overview of Kura-Araxes funerary practices in Eastern Anatolia. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 2018 Özel Sayı, 73–92.
  2. Apakidze, A. M. (1967). Razvitie arkheologicheskoy nauki v Sovetskoy Gruzii. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya,(4),5–25. Bakhshaliev, V., Ristvet, L., & Ashurov, S. (2009). K khronologii Kuro-Arakskikh pamyatnikov (po raskopkam Kyultepe II i Makhta I v 2006 godu). In Azerbaydzhan – strana, svyazyvayushchaya Vostok i Zapad. Obmen znaniyami i tekhnologiyami v period “pervoy globalizatsii” VII–IV tys. do n.e. (pp. 85–87). Baku.
  3. Bayburtyan, E. (1939). Kul'tovyy ochag iz raskopok v 1936-1937 gg. Vestnik Drevney Istorii (VDI), 4, 255–259. Burney, C. A.(1958)“Eastern Anatolia in the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze”, Anatolian Studies, VII , 157-209.
  4. Djaparidze, O. M. (1994). Trialetskaya kultura. In K. Kh. Kushnareva & V. I. Markovin (Eds.), Epokha bronzy Kavkaza i Sredney Azii. Rannyaya i srednyaya bronza Kavkaza (pp. 75–92). Moskva: Nauka.
  5. Eskandarzadeh, M. (2018). Yeni veriler ışığında Kuzeybatı İran’da Kura-Aras kültürel süreci ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ile ilişkiler (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi.
  6. Frangipane, M. (2011). Arslantepe - Malatya: A Prehistoric and Early Historic Center in the Eastern Anatolia (Chapter 45), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia, 10,000 – 323 B.C.E., Ed. by Steadman S. R. and Macmahon G., Oxford -New York, 968 - 992.
  7. Gadzhiev, M. G. (1991). Rannezemledel’cheskaya kul’tura Severo-Vostochnogo Kavkaza (epokha eneolita i ranney bronzy). Moskva: Nauka.
  8. Iessen A.A. (1963). Kavkaz i Drevniy Vostok v IV—III tysyacheletiyakh do n.e. KSIA. Vyp. 93. 3-14.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Habitat Archeology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 30, 2026

Submission Date

December 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 2

APA
Kocaispir, A. (2026). From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE). Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(2), 1668-1723. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1853088
AMA
1.Kocaispir A. From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE). Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;14(2):1668-1723. doi:10.18506/anemon.1853088
Chicago
Kocaispir, Ahmet. 2026. “From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE)”. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 (2): 1668-1723. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1853088.
EndNote
Kocaispir A (August 1, 2026) From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE). Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 2 1668–1723.
IEEE
[1]A. Kocaispir, “From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE)”, Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1668–1723, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.18506/anemon.1853088.
ISNAD
Kocaispir, Ahmet. “From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE)”. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14/2 (August 1, 2026): 1668-1723. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1853088.
JAMA
1.Kocaispir A. From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE). Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;14:1668–1723.
MLA
Kocaispir, Ahmet. “From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE)”. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 1668-23, doi:10.18506/anemon.1853088.
Vancouver
1.Ahmet Kocaispir. From Kura-Araxes to Trialeti: Historical Continuity, Social Transformation, and the Material Expressions of Elite Ideology in the South Caucasus (4th–2nd Millennia BCE). Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2026 Aug. 1;14(2):1668-723. doi:10.18506/anemon.1853088