International Trade and Role of Electronic Bill of Lading (BOLERO)

Abstract

The electronic bill of lading (BOLERO-Bill of Lading Electronic Registry Organisation) has been established by SWIFT and Transition Transfer Club (TT Club). This study aims to explain BOLERO established in 1994 with European Union finance and reasons why it is not widely used. Literature review shows the reasons as banks requesting traditional, original paper bill of lading for collateral and for payments, Rotterdam Rules, first rules defining electronic bill of lading did not enter into force yet and local legal systems are not updated for electronic bill of lading. Other reasons are that BOLERO’s being a closed membership system, not open to everybody and lastly having used original traditional paper bill of lading for centuries, the electronic bill of lading BOLERO is not found trustworthy by all parties yet.

Keywords

• European Union,Electronic Bill of Lading (BOLERO),International Trade,Import Export Management

Uluslararası Ticaret ve Elektronik Konişmentonun (BOLERO) Rolü

Öz

Elektronik ticaret ve elektronik belgelerin artışıyla, SWIFT ve Through Transport Club (TT Club) ortak girişimi ile elektronik konişmento, BOLERO (Bill of Lading Electronic Registry Organisation) sistemi kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1994’de Avrupa Birliği tarafından finanse edilen BOLERO projesinin, beklentilerin aksine yaygın kullanılmama nedenlerini tanımlamaktır. Literatür taraması sonucu, yaygın kullanımının önündeki engellerin başında bankacılık sektörünün teminat ve ödemelerde hala geleneksel orijinal kâğıt konişmento talep etmesi bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, elektronik konişmentoyu ilk kez tanımlayan uluslararası kurallar dizisi Rotterdam Kurallarının henüz yürürlüğe girmemiş olması, dolayısıyla ülkelerin yerel hukuki alt yapısının elektronik konişmentoya uygun olmamasının yanı sıra, BOLERO sisteminin, dışa kapalı, herkese açık bir sistem olmaması ve son olarak ise yüzlerce yıldır kullanılan orijinal kâğıt konişmento yerine elektronik konişmentonun, sektörün güvenini henüz kazanmaması olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği,Elektronik Konişmento (BOLERO),Uluslararası Ticaret,İthalat İhracat Yönetimi

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