Ezafe (Genitive) in Zaza Language

Abstract

Ezafe, which is known as Genitive in European languages and used in Turki, Iranian and Sami languages spoken in the Middle East, is used to link two syntactic elements. Generally, one of the elements is the possessor and the other one is the modifier. There are grammatical elements that link these syntactic structures which at least consist of two units. The historical development of these elements, which varies according to languages, in Iranian languages did not follow the same process. While the languages classified in Northwest Iranian languages, such as Zazaki, varies with a nominal construction, , there are some similarities with Zazaki in the languages belonging to the Southwest Iranian languages group. The purpose of this article is to explore the structures of the nominal phrase in Zaza Language. Both noun and adjective phrases will be analyzed in detail, and other nominal phrases will also be scrutinized. It will also be examined whether these syntactic structures have semantic functions. The origin of Ezafe will be traced back to the Old Iranian languages, and its structure in the Modern Iranian languages will also be investigated. The similarities and differences will be discussed by comparing the functioning of the Zaza language with other Iranian languages. In addition, the nominal phrase constructions in many Zaza dialects will be examined, and it will be investigated whether there are differences between them.

Keywords

• Zaza
• Ezafe
• Izafe
• Genitive
• İranian Languages

Zaza Dilinde Tamlama

Öz

Avrupa Dillerinde Genitive olarak bilinen, Ortadoğuda konuşulan Turki, İrani ve Sami dillerinde kullanılan Ezafe kavramı iki sentaktik öğeyi birbirine bağlamak için kullanılır. Genellikle öğelerden biri tamlayan biri ise tamlanan olur. En az iki birimden oluşan bu sentaktik yapıları birbirine bağlayan gramer öğeleri mevcuttur. Dilden dile farklılık gösteren bu öğelerin irani dillerdeki tarihi gelişimleri aynı seyri izlememiştir. Zazaca gibi Kuzeybatı irani diller grubunda tasnif edilen diller tamlama konusunda ayrışırken güneybatı irani diller grubuna ait dillerde Zazaca ile benzeşenler vardır. Bu makalenin amacı Zaza Dilinde var olan tamlama yapısını incelemektir. Gerek isim gerekse sıfat tamlamaları detaylı olarak analiz edilerek bunların dışındaki tamlama şekillerine de göz atılacaktır. Bu sentaktik yapının semantic işlevlerinin olup olmadığı da incelenecektir. Ezafenin tarihi eski irani dillere kadar götürülerek yeni irani dillerdeki yapılarına da bakılacaktır. Zaza Dili ile diğer irani dillerdeki işleyiş karşılaştırılarak benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca birçok Zaza ağızlarından tamlama verileri de incelenerek kullanım farklılıklarının olup olmadığı araştırılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zaza
• Ezafe
• Izafe
• tamlama
• İrani diller

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