Uluslararası Hukukta Devletleri Tanıma ve Tanıma Teorileri

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 923 - 945, 01.11.2017

Abdullah Kıran

https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.322000

Abstract

Gerek uluslararası hukuk ve gerekse uluslararası ilişkilerde tanımlaması en zor ve hatta en karmaşık kavramlardan biri de tanımadır. Uluslararası tanıma, kendi kaderini belirleme yoluyla ortaya çıkmış yeni bir devletin varlığını hukuki olarak kabul etme anlamına gelmektedir. Ancak tanıma meselesinde siyaset, uluslararası hukuk ve iç hukuk gibi alanlar iç içe geçmiş bulunmaktadır. Tanıma eyleminde hukuki ve siyasal unsurlar birlikte göz önünde bulundurulmasına rağmen, devletler daha çok siyasi tercihlerini esas almaktadırlar. Tanıma, belirli bir toprak parçası üzerindeki hak iddialarını da tanımak ve kabul etmeyi içerir. Kuşkusuz bu durum tanıma meselesini ciddi anlamda karmaşık bir hale getirmektedir. Çünkü tanıma sadece bir devlet veya hükümeti tanımakla bitmemekte, o devlet ve hükümetin egemenliğindeki toprakları da kapsamaktadır. Günümüzde tanıma, bir devletin devlet olma koşullarını yerine getirmesinin ötesinde yer alan bazı olguları da içeren bir hal almıştır. Çünkü tanıma, özü itibariyle siyasi bir yargıdır. Ancak bu siyasi yargıya mutlaka hukuki bir elbise giydirilmelidir.

Keywords

Devlet, Egemenlik, Tanıma, Uluslararası Hukuk, Uluslararası İlişkiler

The Recognition of States in International Law and Recognition Theories

Abstract

The problem of defining recognition term in international law and as well in international politics is considered as one of the most difficult and complicated topic. When a state gains its independence through a declaration which is based upon self-determination principle, the issue of its recognition comes forward. In International law, to recognize such a state means to accept its legitimate existence. Although the issue of recognition has been seen as a topic of international law, it is not possible to separate it from politics and domestic law. In parallel with that fact, the elements of juristic and politics are needed to be taken into consideration in the act of recognition. However, states usually rely on their political choices on the matter of recognition issue rather than rely on other components. The case of recognition justify the territorial aspirations of newly emerged states and thus the issue of recognition become much more complicated. Because of the fact that the act of recognition doesn’t fulfill simply the recognition of a newly emerged state or government, it includes the endorsement of the land under the sovereignty of the state and government. Today to be recognized by other states is more important than fulfilling the conditions of being statehood for a newly emerged state, because the recognition is a political judgment rather than legal considerations in its essence. Even if it is like that, this political judgment has to have a legal dressing on itself.

Keywords

State, Sovereignty, Recognition, International Law, International Relations

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