A Transition to Openness Paradigm in Innovation: Examples Of Open Innovatıon From Turkey
Year 2020,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 793 - 802, 15.06.2020
İbrahim Dağlı
,
Zeynep Ezanoğlu
Abstract
The cost of R&D units working with closed innovation model has increased over time. Nowadays, many of these units have started to prefer open innovation model. In this study, this model defined as “Innovation of Innovation” by Chesbrough is examined. In addition, the process of evolving the concept of closed innovation towards open innovation and the comparison of them are included. It is easy to find many studies dealing with examples of foreign companies in open innovation, but not in Turkish companies. This study discussed the successful examples of the companies which apply the open innovation model in Turkey. Consequently clear that innovation is inevitable for companies and it seems that many companies operating in Turkey adopt open innovation model.
References
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- Clausen, T., & Rasmussen, E. (2011). Open innovation policy through intermediaries: the industry incubator programme in Norway. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 23(1), 75-85.
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- Dodgson, M., Gann, D., & Salter, A. (2006). The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: the case of Procter & Gamble. R&D Management, 36(3), 333-346.
- Elmquist, M., Fredberg, T., & Ollila, S. (2009). Exploring the field of open innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management 12(3), 326–345.
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- Gruber, M. & Henkel, J. (2006). New ventures based on open innovation – an empirical analysis of start-up firms in embedded Linux, International Journal of Technology Management, 33(4), 356-72.
- Habertürk, (2019). (Erişim:1/8/2019), https://www. haberturk.com/turk-telekom-dan-az-goren-cocuklar-icin-tahtapp-uygulamasi-2512677-teknoloji.
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Huizingh, E. K. (2011). Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation, 31(1), 2-9.
- İnovent, (2019). (Erişim:24/6/2019), http://www.inovent. com.tr/tr/portfoy-sirketlerimiz.html,
- Katzy, B., Turgut, E., Holzmann, T., & Sailer, K. (2013). Innovation intermediaries: a process view on open innovation coordination. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25(3), 295-309.
- Kayalar Kimya, (2019). (Erişim:14/6/2019), http://www .kayalarkimya.com.tr/tr/inovasyon/acik-inovasyon
- Kılıç, F., & Ay Türkmen, M. A. (2019). Kavram ve Farkındalık Bağlamında Açık İnovasyon Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 274-292.
- Konukbay, A. (2016). Ankara’da Savunma Teknolojilerinde Faaliyet Gösteren Kobilerin Açık Yenilik Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi (GMBD), 2(1), 53-75.
- Kordsa, (2019). (Erişim: 12.7.2019), https://www.kordsa .com/tr/medya-merkezi/detay/ Kordsa-acik-inovasyon-yaklasimi-ve-dunya-capinda-is-birlikleriyle-buyumesini -surduruyor/335/958/0
- Oğuztürk, B.S., Özbay, F., & Özaslan, A. (2019). İnovasyon Kalkınma ve Ülke Örnekleri, Ankara:Ekin Yayıncılık.
- Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2007). University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 259-280.
- Sezer, M., (2019). (Erişim:3/9/2019), http://ekoyes.com /yazar/metiner-sezer/arcelik-ve-teb-hakkinda-bir-cift-soz-
- Slowinski, G., & Sagal, M. W. (2010). Good practices in open innovation. Research-Technology Management, 53(5), 38-45.
- Şişecam, (2019). (Erişim:2/6/2019), http://www.sisecam. com.tr/tr/inovasyon/kurumsal-inovasyon
- Tat Gıda, (2019). (Erişim:2/9/019) http://www.tatgida .com/tr/inovasyon/
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Tüsiad, (2013). Türkiye’de Açık İnovasyon Ekoisteminin Oluşmasının Önündeki Engeller ve Çözüm Önerileri, Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/ 2013-06/ 542, Haziran 2013.
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- Van de Vrande, V., De Jong, J. P., Vanhaverbeke, W., & De Rochemont, M. (2009). Open innovation in SMEs: Trends, motives and management challenges. Technovation, 29(6-7), 423-437.
- Van der Meer, H., (2007). Open innovation – The Dutch treat: challenges in thinking in business models. Creativity and Innovation Management 16 (2), 192–202.
- Von Zedtwitz, M., & Gassmann, O. (2002). Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development. Research policy, 31(4), 569-588.
- West, J. & Gallagher, S. (2006). Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software. R&D Management, 36(3), 319-31.
- West, J., Salter, A., Vanhaverbeke, W., & Chesbrough, H. (2014). Open innovation: The next decade. Research Policy, 43(5), 805-811.
- West, J., & Lakhani, K. R. (2008). Getting clear about communities in open innovation. Industry and Innovation, 15(2), 223-231.
- West, J., & Bogers, M. (2017). Open innovation: Current status and research opportunities. Innovation, 19(1), 43-50.
İnovasyonda Açıklık Paradigmasına Geçiş: Türkiye’den Açık İnovasyon Örnekleri
Year 2020,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 793 - 802, 15.06.2020
İbrahim Dağlı
,
Zeynep Ezanoğlu
Abstract
Kapalı inovasyon modeli ile çalışan Ar-Ge birimlerinin zamanla maliyeti artmıştır. Günümüzde bu birimlerin birçoğu açık inovasyon modelini tercih etmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada literatürde Chesbrough tarafından “İnovasyonun inovasyonu” olarak tanımlanan bu model incelenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada kapalı inovasyon anlayışının açık inovasyona doğru evrilme süreci ve bu iki modelin karşılaştırılmasına yer verilmiştir. Literatürde, dünyadan örnekleri ele alan birçok çalışma bulunmasına karşın Türkiye’den örnekleri ele alan bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın önemi, Türkiye’de açık inovasyon modelini uygulayan firmaların başarılarının ele alınmış olmasıdır. Bu şekilde, diğer firmalarda açık inovasyonun önemi açısından bir farkındalık oluşturulması ve başarılı sonuçların sunularak literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak açık inovasyonun günümüz şartlarında firmalar için kaçınılmaz olduğu ve Türkiye’de faaliyette bulunan birçok firmanın açık inovasyon modelini benimsediği görülmektedir.
References
- Arçelik A.Ş., (2019). (Erişim: 3/8/2019), http://www. arcelikas.com/sayfa/69/Teknoloji ve Yenilikçilik
- Aselsan, (2019). (Erişim:15/7/2019), https://www.aselsan. com.tr/tr/inovasyon/universite-%C4%B1sbirlikleri
- Balcı, B., (2019). (Erişim: 21/8/2019), http://www.hurriyet .com.tr/ekonomi/acik-inovasyon-ile-yatirimini-katladi-25210730
- Campaign, (2017). (Erişim:10/6/2019), https://www. campaigntr.com/vestelden-iletisimde-de-inovasyon/
- Cankı, B., (2019). (Erişim: 16/6/2019), https://www. donanimhaber.com/Ford-ve-Vodafone-Park-Yeri-Kilavuzu-isimli-yeni-bir-teknoloji-test-ediyor--112203
- Chan, W. C., Chen, P. C., Hung, S. W., Tsai, M. C., & Chen, T. K. (2017). Open Innovation and Team Leaders’ Innovation Traits. Engineering Management Journal, 29(2), 87-98.
- Chesbrough, H., (2003a). The era of open innovation, MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), 35-41.
- Chesbrough, H., (2003b). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
- Chesbrough, H. (2004). Managing open innovation, Research-Technology Management, 47(1), 23-26.
- Chesbrough, H. (2012). Open innovation: Where we've been and where we're going. Research-Technology Management, 55(4), 20-27.
- Chesbrough, H. (2017). The Future of Open Innovation: The future of open innovation is more extensive, more collaborative, and more engaged with a wider variety of participants. Research-Technology Management, 60(1), 35-38.
- Chesbrough, H., & Crowther, A. K. (2006). Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries. R&D Management, 36(3), 229-236.
- Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open Innovation: A new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. In: Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke,W., West, J. (Eds.), Open Innovation: Researching a new paradigm. (1-15). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Chesbrough, H., & Bogers, M., (2014). Explicating open innovation: clarifying an emerging paradigm for understanding innovation. In: Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke,W., West, J. (Eds.), New Frontiers in Open Innovation (3-28). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Chiaroni, D., Chiesa, V., & Frattini, F. (2010). Unravelling the process from Closed to Open Innovation: evidence from mature, asset‐intensive industries. R&D Management, 40(3), 222-245.
- Christiansen, J. K., Gasparin, M., & Varnes, C. J. (2013). Improving design with open innovation: A flexible management technology. Research-Technology Management, 56(2), 36-44.
- Clausen, T., & Rasmussen, E. (2011). Open innovation policy through intermediaries: the industry incubator programme in Norway. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 23(1), 75-85.
- Çubukçu, A., (2019). (Erişim: 3/8/2019), https://medium.com/innocentrumblog/uygulamalar%C4%B1yla-a%C3%A7%C4%B1k-i%CC%87novasyon-30ba3175a6d7
- Dahlander, L., & Gann, D. M. (2010). How open is innovation?. Research policy, 39(6), 699-709.
- Dodgson, M., Gann, D., & Salter, A. (2006). The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: the case of Procter & Gamble. R&D Management, 36(3), 333-346.
- Elmquist, M., Fredberg, T., & Ollila, S. (2009). Exploring the field of open innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management 12(3), 326–345.
- Ford Trucks, (2019). (Erişim:5/6/2019) https://www. fordtrucks.com.tr/haberler/turk-muhendislerinin-emegi-ecotorq-motorlu-kamyonlar-cin-yollarina-cikmaya-hazirlaniyor_2
Fujifilm, (2019). (Erişim:18/7/2019) https://www.fujifilm. eu/tr/innovation/acik-inovasyon
Gassmann, O. (2006). Opening up the innovation process: towards an agenda. R&D Management, 36(3), 223-228.
- Gassmann, O., & Enkel, E. (2004). Towards a theory of open innovation: three core process archetypes. R&D Management Conference, July 6-9, Lisbon, 1-18.
- Gassmann, O., Enkel, E., & Chesbrough, H. (2010). The future of open innovation. R&D Management, 40(3), 213-221.
- Gençoğlu, F., (2019). (Erişim: 3/9/2019), https://www.aa. com.tr/tr/sirkethaberleri/holding/arcelik-telve-yenilendi /650399
- Gruber, M. & Henkel, J. (2006). New ventures based on open innovation – an empirical analysis of start-up firms in embedded Linux, International Journal of Technology Management, 33(4), 356-72.
- Habertürk, (2019). (Erişim:1/8/2019), https://www. haberturk.com/turk-telekom-dan-az-goren-cocuklar-icin-tahtapp-uygulamasi-2512677-teknoloji.
- Havelsan, (2019). (Erişim: 23/6/2019), https://inovasyon. havelsan.com.tr/havelsan/#/,
Huizingh, E. K. (2011). Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation, 31(1), 2-9.
- İnovent, (2019). (Erişim:24/6/2019), http://www.inovent. com.tr/tr/portfoy-sirketlerimiz.html,
- Katzy, B., Turgut, E., Holzmann, T., & Sailer, K. (2013). Innovation intermediaries: a process view on open innovation coordination. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25(3), 295-309.
- Kayalar Kimya, (2019). (Erişim:14/6/2019), http://www .kayalarkimya.com.tr/tr/inovasyon/acik-inovasyon
- Kılıç, F., & Ay Türkmen, M. A. (2019). Kavram ve Farkındalık Bağlamında Açık İnovasyon Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 274-292.
- Konukbay, A. (2016). Ankara’da Savunma Teknolojilerinde Faaliyet Gösteren Kobilerin Açık Yenilik Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi (GMBD), 2(1), 53-75.
- Kordsa, (2019). (Erişim: 12.7.2019), https://www.kordsa .com/tr/medya-merkezi/detay/ Kordsa-acik-inovasyon-yaklasimi-ve-dunya-capinda-is-birlikleriyle-buyumesini -surduruyor/335/958/0
- Oğuztürk, B.S., Özbay, F., & Özaslan, A. (2019). İnovasyon Kalkınma ve Ülke Örnekleri, Ankara:Ekin Yayıncılık.
- Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2007). University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 259-280.
- Sezer, M., (2019). (Erişim:3/9/2019), http://ekoyes.com /yazar/metiner-sezer/arcelik-ve-teb-hakkinda-bir-cift-soz-
- Slowinski, G., & Sagal, M. W. (2010). Good practices in open innovation. Research-Technology Management, 53(5), 38-45.
- Şişecam, (2019). (Erişim:2/6/2019), http://www.sisecam. com.tr/tr/inovasyon/kurumsal-inovasyon
- Tat Gıda, (2019). (Erişim:2/9/019) http://www.tatgida .com/tr/inovasyon/
- Timetürk, (2019). (Erişim:3/9/2019), https://www.timeturk. com/sisecam-yoneticilerine-insead-dan-liderlik-egitimi/haber-1089155
- Turkcell (2019). (Erişim:13/8/2019), https://www.turkcell. com.tr/kurumsal/kulup-ve-programlar/turkcell-partner-program
- Tübitak (2011). Bölgesel Ar-Ge ve Yenilik Destekleri Dünya Örnekleri, (Erişim: 22/8/2019), https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files//BTYPD/KalkinmaAjanslari/BTYPDB_Serhat_Cakir.pdf.
- Tüpraş, (2019). (Erişim: 1/9/2019), https://www.tupras. com.tr/calisma-alanlari1
Tüsiad, (2013). Türkiye’de Açık İnovasyon Ekoisteminin Oluşmasının Önündeki Engeller ve Çözüm Önerileri, Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/ 2013-06/ 542, Haziran 2013.
- Uygun, Y., (2019). (Erişim: 4/6/2019) https://www. fortuneturkey.com/tat-gida-yeni-yatirimlarla-1-milyar-tl-ciro-hedefliyor-15336
- Van de Vrande, V., De Jong, J. P., Vanhaverbeke, W., & De Rochemont, M. (2009). Open innovation in SMEs: Trends, motives and management challenges. Technovation, 29(6-7), 423-437.
- Van der Meer, H., (2007). Open innovation – The Dutch treat: challenges in thinking in business models. Creativity and Innovation Management 16 (2), 192–202.
- Von Zedtwitz, M., & Gassmann, O. (2002). Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development. Research policy, 31(4), 569-588.
- West, J. & Gallagher, S. (2006). Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software. R&D Management, 36(3), 319-31.
- West, J., Salter, A., Vanhaverbeke, W., & Chesbrough, H. (2014). Open innovation: The next decade. Research Policy, 43(5), 805-811.
- West, J., & Lakhani, K. R. (2008). Getting clear about communities in open innovation. Industry and Innovation, 15(2), 223-231.
- West, J., & Bogers, M. (2017). Open innovation: Current status and research opportunities. Innovation, 19(1), 43-50.