Knowledge/Experience Sharing Process in Hotel Establishments: A Scale Development Study
Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 771 - 783, 28.06.2021
Oğuz Türkay
,
Melih Kabadayı
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale related to knowledge/experience sharing, which plays an important role in the development of organizational memory and organizational learning in hotel businesses. The consistent integrity of 30 statements covering experience sharing motives, experience sharing channels and types of shared experiences was evaluated over data obtained from 333 employees within the years 2015-2016. Content validity of the scale was evaluated through expert opinions, construct validity were evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In determining reliability, Cronbach Alpha, Rho-A, Composite Reliability and Fornell-Larcker Criterion values were examined. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the building is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
References
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- Ardichvili, A. (2008). Learning and knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice: Motivators, Barriers, and Enablers. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(4), 541-554.
- Avcı, N. & Küçükusta, D. (2009). Konaklama işletmelerinde örgütsel öğrenme, örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma eğilimi arasındaki ilişki. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(1), 33-44.
- Avcı, U. (2005). İşletmelerde Örgütsel Öğrenme-Örgütsel Performans İlişkisi: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme-Örgütsel Performans İlişkisine Yönelik İnceleme. Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Avci, U., Kilinç, İ. & Okumuş, F. (2010). Öğrenme düzeyleri arası ilişki: otel işletmelerinde bir alan araştırması. Ege Academic Review, 10(1).
- Ayazlar, G. (2012). Otel işletmelerinde örgütsel öğrenme ve bilgi paylaşımının hizmet inovasyon performansına etkisi: kuşadası 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, SBE.
- Bartol, K. M. & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: the role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
- Brown, J. S. & Duguid, P. (1991). Organizational learning and communities of practice: toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Organization Science, 2(1), 40-57.
- Cangelose, V. & Diil, W. (1965). Organizational learning observation: towards a theory. administrative science quarterly, Vol. 10, pp. 175-203.
- Carneiro, A. (2000). How does knowledge management ınfluence ınnovation and competitiveness?. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(2), 87-98.
- Chen, W. J. & Cheng, H. Y. (2012). Factors affecting the knowledge sharing attitude of hotel service personnel. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 468-476.
- Chiang, C.F. (2010). Perceived organizational change in the hotel endustry: an ımplication of change schema. International Jornal of Hospitality Management, 29, 157-167.
- Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Shih, F. J. & Fan, Y. W. (2011). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities. Online Information Review. 35(1): 134-153.
- Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and ınnovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 128-152.
- Cyert, R. & March, J. (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- Çiftçi, G., Küçükaltan, D., & Menteş, S. A. (2017). empirical analysis of crisis management practices ın tourism enterprises ın terms of organizational learning/turizm işletmelerinde kriz yönetimi uygulamalarının örgütsel öğrenme açısından ampirik olarak analizi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 5(1), 42.
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- Dawes, S. S. (1996). Interagency information sharing: expected benefits, manageable risks, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15(3), 377-394.
- Dibella, A.J., Nevis, E.C. & Gould, J. M. (1996). Understanding organizational learning capability. Journal of Management Studies, 33(3), 361-379.
- Easterby-Smith, M. (1997). Disciplines of organizational learning: contributions and critiques. Human relations, 50(9), 1085-1113.
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- Ford, D. P. & Chan, Y. E. (2003). Knowledge sharing in a multi-cultural setting: a case study. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 1(1), 11-27.
- French, J. R. & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. Classics of Organization Theory, 7, 151-157.
- Gjelsvik, M. (2002). Hotels as learning area. Scandinavian Jounal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2(1), 31-48
- Gurteen, D. (1999). Creating a knowledge sharing culture. Knowledge Management Magazine, 2(5), 1-4.
- Han, T. S., Chiang, H. H. & Chang, A. (2010). Employee participation in decision making, psychological ownership and knowledge sharing: mediating role of organizational commitment in taiwanese high-tech organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(12), 2218-2233.
- Hsu, M. H. & Chang, C. M. (2014). Examining ınterpersonal trust as a facilitator and uncertainty as an ınhibitor of ıntra‐organisational knowledge sharing. Information Systems Journal, 24(2), 119-142.
- Hu, M. L. M., Horng, J. S. & Sun, Y. H. C. (2009). hospitality teams: knowledge sharing and service innovation performance. Tourism Management, 30(1), 41-50.
- Huber, G.P. (1991). Organizational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures. Organization science, 2(1), 88-115.
- Ipe, M. (2003). Knowledge sharing in organizations: a conceptual framework. Human Resource Development Review, 2(4), 337-359.
- İmamoğlu, S. Z., Kayış, A. & İnce, H. (2018). Yerel yönetimlerde kurumsal duygusal hafıza, bilgi paylaşımı, hizmet geliştirme ve hizmet performansı arasındaki ilişki. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 19(2), 95-113.
- Jarvenpaa, S. L. & Staples, D. S. (2001). Exploring perceptions of organizational ownership of ınformation and expertise. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 151-183.
- Karavardar, G. (2012). Çalışan ilişkileri ve bilgi paylaşımı: bankacılık sektöründe bir uygulama. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2(1), 143-156.
- Khandekar, A. & Sharma, A. (2006). Organizational learning and performance: understanding ındian scenario in present global context. Education+ Training, 48(8/9), 682-692.
- Kim, T. T. & Lee, G. (2013). Hospitality employee knowledge-sharing behaviors in the relationship between goal orientations and service ınnovative behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 324-337.
- Kim, T. & Lee, G. (2012). A modified and extended triandis model for the enablers–process–outcomes relationship in hotel employees' knowledge sharing. The Service Industries Journal, 32(13), 2059-2090.
- Kocoglu, I., İmamoglu, S. Z. & İnce, H. (2011). The relationship between organizational learning and firm performance: the mediating roles of ınnovation and TQM. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 9(3), 72-88.
- Kwok, S. H. & Gao, S. (2005). Attitude towards knowledge sharing behavior. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 46(2), 45-51.
- Levitt, B. & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14(1), 319-338.
- Liu, C. H. S. (2017). Remodelling progress in tourism and hospitality students’ creativity through social capital and transformational leadership. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 21, 69-82.
- Magnini, V. P. (2008). Practicing effective knowledge sharing in ınternational hotel joint ventures. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 249-258.
- Magnini, V. P. & Honeycutt Jr., E. D. (2003). Learning orientation and the hotel expatriate manager experience. Hospitality Management, s.22, ss.267-280.
- March, J.G. & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Marsick, V. J. & Watkins, K. E. (2003). Demonstrating the Value of an Organization's Learning Culture: the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 5(2), 132-151.
- Matzler, K., Renzl, B., Müller, J., Herting, S., & Mooradian, T. A. (2008). Personality traits and knowledge sharing. Journal Of Economic Psychology, 29(3), 301-313.
- Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, ıntellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
- Nelson, R. & Wınter S. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press
- Özdemir, B. (2006). Örgütsel öğrenme, çevre ve örgütsel performans ilişkisi: otel yöneticilerinin algılamaları üzerinde bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Robey, D., Boudreau, M. C., & Rose, G. M. (2000). Information technology and organizational learning: a review and assessment of research. Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, 10(2), 125-155.
- Senge, P.M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday.
- Sharratt, M. & Usoro, A. (2003). Understanding knowledge-sharing in online communities of practice. Electronic Journal on Knowledge Management, 1(2), 187-196.
- Sinkula, J. M., Baker, W. E. & Noordewier, T. (1997). A framework for market-based organizational learning: linking values, knowledge, and behavior. Journal of the academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 305.
- Snyder, J. L. & Lee-Partridge, J. E. (2009). Understanding choice of ınformation and communication channels in knowledge sharing. ICIS 2009 Proceedings, 105.
- Stein, E. W. (1995). Organization memory: review of concepts and recommendations for management. International Journal of Information Management, 15(1), 17-32.
- Subramaniam, R. (2005). A multivariate study of the relationship between organizational learning, organizational innovation and organizational climate in the australian hospitality ındustry. Doktora Tezi, Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship.
- Sveiby, K. E. (2007). Disabling the context for knowledge work: the role of managers' behaviours. Management Decision, 45(10), 1636-1655.
- Swift, M., Balkin, D. B. ve Matusik, S. F. (2010). Goal orientations and the motivation to share knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management. 14(3), 378-393.
- Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring ınternal stickiness: ımpediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 27-43.
- Tiedemann, N., Van Birgele, M. & Semeijn, J. (2009). Increasing hotel responsiveness to customers through ınformation sharing. Tourism Review. 64(4), 12-26.
- Türkay, O. (2007). Pazara dayalı örgütsel öğrenme: konaklama işletmelerinde pazara dayalı örgütsel öğrenmeyi belirleyen değişkenler ve pazarlama performansına etkileri. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, SBE.
- Türkay, O. (2011). Örgüt belleğinin kapsamı ve etkileri üzerine nitel bir araştırma. Verimlilik Dergisi, 2011(2), 7-28.
- Uludağ, O., Aktaş, İ. & Özgit, H. Ö. (2019). Eğitim çalışanlarının örgütsel adalet algılarının ve örgüt kültürünün bilgi paylaşımı üzerindeki etkileri: örgüt kültürünün aracı rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 160-181.
- Wishart, N.A., Elam, J.J. ve Robey, D. (1996). Redrawing the portrait of a learning organization: ınside knight-ridder, Inc. Academy of Management Perspectives, 10(1), 7-20.
- Yakut, F. (2016). Örgütsel hafızada bireysel tecrübelerin önemi. In International Congress of Management Economy and Policy Proceedings, 1, (s.245).
- Yang, J. T. (2004). Qualitative knowledge capturing and organizational learning: two case studies in Taiwan hotels. Tourism Management, 25(4), 421-428.
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Otel İşletmelerinde Bilgi/Deneyim Paylaşım Süreci: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Year 2021,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 771 - 783, 28.06.2021
Oğuz Türkay
,
Melih Kabadayı
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, otel işletmelerinde örgütsel hafıza ve örgütsel öğrenme olgularının gelişiminde önemli bir role sahip olan, bilgi/deneyim paylaşımı ile ilgili geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Deneyim paylaşım sürecinin ne, neden ve nasıl’ına yanıt üretecek şekilde deneyim paylaşım güdüleri, deneyim paylaşım kanalları ve paylaşılan deneyim türlerini kapsayan 30 ifadenin tutarlı bütünselliği, 2015-2016 yıllarında 333 otel çalışanından elde edilen veri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçeğin kapsam geçerliği uzman görüşleri aracılığıyla, yapı geçerliği ise Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Güvenirliğin belirlenmesinde ise Cronbach Alpha, Rho-A ve Composite Reliability ve Fornell-Larcker Criterion değerleri incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda ölçülen yapının geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Altenburg, T. (1999). How to promote clusters: policy experiences from Latin America, World Development 27(9), 1693-1713.
- Ardichvili, A. (2008). Learning and knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice: Motivators, Barriers, and Enablers. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(4), 541-554.
- Avcı, N. & Küçükusta, D. (2009). Konaklama işletmelerinde örgütsel öğrenme, örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma eğilimi arasındaki ilişki. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20(1), 33-44.
- Avcı, U. (2005). İşletmelerde Örgütsel Öğrenme-Örgütsel Performans İlişkisi: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Örgütsel Öğrenme-Örgütsel Performans İlişkisine Yönelik İnceleme. Doktora Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Avci, U., Kilinç, İ. & Okumuş, F. (2010). Öğrenme düzeyleri arası ilişki: otel işletmelerinde bir alan araştırması. Ege Academic Review, 10(1).
- Ayazlar, G. (2012). Otel işletmelerinde örgütsel öğrenme ve bilgi paylaşımının hizmet inovasyon performansına etkisi: kuşadası 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, SBE.
- Bartol, K. M. & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: the role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
- Brown, J. S. & Duguid, P. (1991). Organizational learning and communities of practice: toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Organization Science, 2(1), 40-57.
- Cangelose, V. & Diil, W. (1965). Organizational learning observation: towards a theory. administrative science quarterly, Vol. 10, pp. 175-203.
- Carneiro, A. (2000). How does knowledge management ınfluence ınnovation and competitiveness?. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(2), 87-98.
- Chen, W. J. & Cheng, H. Y. (2012). Factors affecting the knowledge sharing attitude of hotel service personnel. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), 468-476.
- Chiang, C.F. (2010). Perceived organizational change in the hotel endustry: an ımplication of change schema. International Jornal of Hospitality Management, 29, 157-167.
- Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Shih, F. J. & Fan, Y. W. (2011). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities. Online Information Review. 35(1): 134-153.
- Cohen, W. M. & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and ınnovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 128-152.
- Cyert, R. & March, J. (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- Çiftçi, G., Küçükaltan, D., & Menteş, S. A. (2017). empirical analysis of crisis management practices ın tourism enterprises ın terms of organizational learning/turizm işletmelerinde kriz yönetimi uygulamalarının örgütsel öğrenme açısından ampirik olarak analizi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 5(1), 42.
- de Kok, A., Bellefroid, B. & Helms, R. (2013). Knowledge sharing and channel choice: effects of the new way of working. proceedings of the european conference on knowledge management, ECKM. 2. 849-859.
- Dawes, S. S. (1996). Interagency information sharing: expected benefits, manageable risks, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15(3), 377-394.
- Dibella, A.J., Nevis, E.C. & Gould, J. M. (1996). Understanding organizational learning capability. Journal of Management Studies, 33(3), 361-379.
- Easterby-Smith, M. (1997). Disciplines of organizational learning: contributions and critiques. Human relations, 50(9), 1085-1113.
- Erat, S. (2020). Bilgi paylaşımı ve örgütsel güvenin, yenilikçilik davranışı ve bireysel performansa etkisi, meslek lisesi öğretmenleri üzerine bir araştırma. International Review of Economics and Management, 8(1), 124-145.
- Fiol, C. M. & Lyles, M. A. (1985). Organizational learning. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 803-813.
- Ford, D. P. & Chan, Y. E. (2003). Knowledge sharing in a multi-cultural setting: a case study. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 1(1), 11-27.
- French, J. R. & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. Classics of Organization Theory, 7, 151-157.
- Gjelsvik, M. (2002). Hotels as learning area. Scandinavian Jounal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2(1), 31-48
- Gurteen, D. (1999). Creating a knowledge sharing culture. Knowledge Management Magazine, 2(5), 1-4.
- Han, T. S., Chiang, H. H. & Chang, A. (2010). Employee participation in decision making, psychological ownership and knowledge sharing: mediating role of organizational commitment in taiwanese high-tech organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(12), 2218-2233.
- Hsu, M. H. & Chang, C. M. (2014). Examining ınterpersonal trust as a facilitator and uncertainty as an ınhibitor of ıntra‐organisational knowledge sharing. Information Systems Journal, 24(2), 119-142.
- Hu, M. L. M., Horng, J. S. & Sun, Y. H. C. (2009). hospitality teams: knowledge sharing and service innovation performance. Tourism Management, 30(1), 41-50.
- Huber, G.P. (1991). Organizational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures. Organization science, 2(1), 88-115.
- Ipe, M. (2003). Knowledge sharing in organizations: a conceptual framework. Human Resource Development Review, 2(4), 337-359.
- İmamoğlu, S. Z., Kayış, A. & İnce, H. (2018). Yerel yönetimlerde kurumsal duygusal hafıza, bilgi paylaşımı, hizmet geliştirme ve hizmet performansı arasındaki ilişki. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 19(2), 95-113.
- Jarvenpaa, S. L. & Staples, D. S. (2001). Exploring perceptions of organizational ownership of ınformation and expertise. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 151-183.
- Karavardar, G. (2012). Çalışan ilişkileri ve bilgi paylaşımı: bankacılık sektöründe bir uygulama. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 2(1), 143-156.
- Khandekar, A. & Sharma, A. (2006). Organizational learning and performance: understanding ındian scenario in present global context. Education+ Training, 48(8/9), 682-692.
- Kim, T. T. & Lee, G. (2013). Hospitality employee knowledge-sharing behaviors in the relationship between goal orientations and service ınnovative behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 324-337.
- Kim, T. & Lee, G. (2012). A modified and extended triandis model for the enablers–process–outcomes relationship in hotel employees' knowledge sharing. The Service Industries Journal, 32(13), 2059-2090.
- Kocoglu, I., İmamoglu, S. Z. & İnce, H. (2011). The relationship between organizational learning and firm performance: the mediating roles of ınnovation and TQM. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 9(3), 72-88.
- Kwok, S. H. & Gao, S. (2005). Attitude towards knowledge sharing behavior. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 46(2), 45-51.
- Levitt, B. & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14(1), 319-338.
- Liu, C. H. S. (2017). Remodelling progress in tourism and hospitality students’ creativity through social capital and transformational leadership. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 21, 69-82.
- Magnini, V. P. (2008). Practicing effective knowledge sharing in ınternational hotel joint ventures. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 249-258.
- Magnini, V. P. & Honeycutt Jr., E. D. (2003). Learning orientation and the hotel expatriate manager experience. Hospitality Management, s.22, ss.267-280.
- March, J.G. & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Marsick, V. J. & Watkins, K. E. (2003). Demonstrating the Value of an Organization's Learning Culture: the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 5(2), 132-151.
- Matzler, K., Renzl, B., Müller, J., Herting, S., & Mooradian, T. A. (2008). Personality traits and knowledge sharing. Journal Of Economic Psychology, 29(3), 301-313.
- Nahapiet, J. & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, ıntellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
- Nelson, R. & Wınter S. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press
- Özdemir, B. (2006). Örgütsel öğrenme, çevre ve örgütsel performans ilişkisi: otel yöneticilerinin algılamaları üzerinde bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Robey, D., Boudreau, M. C., & Rose, G. M. (2000). Information technology and organizational learning: a review and assessment of research. Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, 10(2), 125-155.
- Senge, P.M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday.
- Sharratt, M. & Usoro, A. (2003). Understanding knowledge-sharing in online communities of practice. Electronic Journal on Knowledge Management, 1(2), 187-196.
- Sinkula, J. M., Baker, W. E. & Noordewier, T. (1997). A framework for market-based organizational learning: linking values, knowledge, and behavior. Journal of the academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 305.
- Snyder, J. L. & Lee-Partridge, J. E. (2009). Understanding choice of ınformation and communication channels in knowledge sharing. ICIS 2009 Proceedings, 105.
- Stein, E. W. (1995). Organization memory: review of concepts and recommendations for management. International Journal of Information Management, 15(1), 17-32.
- Subramaniam, R. (2005). A multivariate study of the relationship between organizational learning, organizational innovation and organizational climate in the australian hospitality ındustry. Doktora Tezi, Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship.
- Sveiby, K. E. (2007). Disabling the context for knowledge work: the role of managers' behaviours. Management Decision, 45(10), 1636-1655.
- Swift, M., Balkin, D. B. ve Matusik, S. F. (2010). Goal orientations and the motivation to share knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management. 14(3), 378-393.
- Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring ınternal stickiness: ımpediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 27-43.
- Tiedemann, N., Van Birgele, M. & Semeijn, J. (2009). Increasing hotel responsiveness to customers through ınformation sharing. Tourism Review. 64(4), 12-26.
- Türkay, O. (2007). Pazara dayalı örgütsel öğrenme: konaklama işletmelerinde pazara dayalı örgütsel öğrenmeyi belirleyen değişkenler ve pazarlama performansına etkileri. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, SBE.
- Türkay, O. (2011). Örgüt belleğinin kapsamı ve etkileri üzerine nitel bir araştırma. Verimlilik Dergisi, 2011(2), 7-28.
- Uludağ, O., Aktaş, İ. & Özgit, H. Ö. (2019). Eğitim çalışanlarının örgütsel adalet algılarının ve örgüt kültürünün bilgi paylaşımı üzerindeki etkileri: örgüt kültürünün aracı rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 160-181.
- Wishart, N.A., Elam, J.J. ve Robey, D. (1996). Redrawing the portrait of a learning organization: ınside knight-ridder, Inc. Academy of Management Perspectives, 10(1), 7-20.
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