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Ülkelerin Gelişmişlik Düzeyi ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 673 - 688, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1480518

Abstract

Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ülkelerin kalkınması açısından önemli bir itici güç olduğu için ülkelerin büyümeleri ve gelişmişlik düzeylerinin artmasında çok önem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada İktisadi İşbirliği ve Gelişme Teşkilatı (OECD) üyesi ülkelerin yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile gelişmişlik düzeyi göstergeleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyi göstergeleri olarak insani gelişmişlik endeksi, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı, mal ve hizmet ihracatı, kentsel nüfus ve karbon emisyonu bağımsız değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen değişkenlere ait veriler 28 OECD ülkesine ait olup 2007-2021 yılları arasındaki dönemi kapsamaktadır. Elde edilen veriler ile dengeli panel veri setleri oluşturularak model kurulmuş ve STATA programında panel veri analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre kurulmuş olan modelin istatiksel olarak %1 anlamlı ve bütünsel bir model olduğu görülmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile insani gelişmişlik endeksi ve kentsel nüfus arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilirken karbon emisyonu ile anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ve mal ve hizmet ihracatı ile yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin ise anlamsız olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

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  • Hasanov, F. J., Mukhtarov, S., ve Suleymanov, E. (2023). The role of renewable energy and total factor productivity in reducing CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan. Fresh insights from a new theoretical framework coupled with Autometrics. Energy Strategy Reviews, 47, 101079. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101079)
  • Hausman, J. (1978). Specification test in econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271. (https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827)
  • Hobday, M., Cawson, A. and Kim, S. R. (2001). Governance of Technology in The Electronics Industries of East and South-East Asia. Technovation. (21(4): 209-226. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00038-9)
  • Human Development Index (HDI). (2020). Human Development Reports. Available online: http://hdr.undp. org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi
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  • Hussain, H. I., Slusarczyk, B., Kamarudin, F., Thaker, H. M. T., ve Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2020). An investigation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict the relationship among energy intensity, globalization, and financial development in major ASEAN economies. Energies, 13(4), 850. (https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040850)
  • Jin, H., Qian, X., Chin, T., ve Zhang, H. (2020). A global assessment of sustainable development based on modification of the human development index via the entropy method. Sustainability, 12(8), 3251. (https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083251)
  • Jones, D.W. (2004). Urbanization and energy. Energy 6, 329–335. Kaewnern, H., Wangkumharn, S., https://doi.org/pment and renewable energy on human development: An insight from the top ten human development index countries. Energy, 262, 125540. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125540)
  • Kvon, G.M. Prokopyev, A.I. Shestak, V.A. Larionova, A.A. ve Shikh, E.V. (2019). Features of cost advantages from implementation of energy-saving projects. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, 9(3), 53-58. (https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7645)
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The Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and the Development Level of Countries: A Study on Selected OECD Countries

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 673 - 688, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1480518

Abstract

Since renewable energy consumption is an important driving force for the development of countries, it is very important for the growth and development of countries. For this reason, this study examines the relationship between renewable energy consumption and development level indicators of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries. Human development index, high technology exports, exports of goods and services, urban population and carbon emissions are determined as independent variables. The data of the variables belong to 28 OECD countries and cover the period between 2007-2021. With the data obtained, balanced panel data sets were created and the model was established and analyzed by panel data analysis method in STATA program. According to the findings obtained as a result of the analysis, it is seen that the model is statistically significant at 1% and is a holistic model. According to the findings, a significant and positive relationship was found between renewable energy consumption and human development index and urban population, while a significant and negative relationship was found with carbon emissions. It is concluded that the relationship between high technology exports and exports of goods and services and renewable energy consumption is insignificant.

References

  • Adekoya, O. B., Olabode, J. K., ve Rafi, S. K. (2021). Renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions and human development: Empirical comparison of the trajectories of world regions. Renewable Energy, 179, 1836-1848. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.019)
  • Altıner, A., ve Şimşek, E. (2022). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketiminin Etkisi. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 1651-1668. (https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1089399)
  • Avcı, M., Uysal, S. and Taşçı, R. (2016). Türk İmalat Sanayinin Teknolojik Yapısı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Researches. 17(36): 49-66.
  • Bakırtaş, İ., ve Çetin, M. (2016). Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: G-20 ülkeleri. Sosyoekonomi, 24(28), 131-146. (https://doi.org/10.17233/se.43089)
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. San Francisco: Johan Wiley ve Sons, Ltd, 3th Edition.
  • Baltagi, B.H., ve Wu P.X. (1999). Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions With AR(1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15, 814-823.
  • Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I., ve Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries. Applied energy, 162, 733-741. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.104)
  • Berber, M. (2017). İktisadi büyüme ve kalkınma, Trabzon: Celepler.
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L., ve Narendranathan, W. (1982). Serial Correlation and The Fixed Effects Model. The Review of Economic Studies, 49(4), 533-549. (https://doi.org/10.2307/2297285)
  • Breusch, T., ve Pagan, A. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, XLVII, 239-253. (https://doi.org/10.2307/2297111)
  • Brown, M. B., ve Forsythe, A.B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, 364-367. (https://doi.org/10.2307/2285659)
  • Cumming, G. S., ve von Cramon-Taubadel, S. (2018). Linking economic growth pathways and environmental sustainability by understanding development as alternate social–ecological regimes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(38), 9533-9538. (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807026115)
  • Çetinbakış, M., ve Kutlu, Ş. Ş. (2022). Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi. Journal of Empirical Economics and Social Sciences, 4(1), 20-38. (https://doi.org/10.46959/jeess.1026396)
  • Demirgil, B., ve Birol, Y. E. (2020). Yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye için bir Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 68-83. (https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.671591)
  • Driscoll, J.C., ve Kraay, A.C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent panel data. Review of economics and statistics, 80(4), 549-560. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2646837)
  • Dilber, C., ve Işık, H.B. (2021). Katılım Bankaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi; Seçilmiş Ülkeler Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 409-440. (https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.889617)
  • Dilber, C., ve Işık, H.B. (2022). Temel Solow Modeli Bağlamında Verimlilik ve İstihdam İlişkisi: Seçilmiş İslam Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 267-279. (https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.990839)
  • Erbay, E. R., ve Özden, M. (2013). İktisadi Kalkınma Kuramlarına Eleştirel Yaklaşım. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 3(1), 1-27.
  • Estoque, R.C. ve Murayama, Y. (2014). Social–Ecological Status İndex: A Preliminary Study of its Structural Composition and Application. 43, 183–194. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.031)
  • Fioramonti, L. (2013). Gross Domestic Problem: The Politics behind the World’s Most Powerful Number; Zed Books: London, UK.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. American Statistical Association, 32, 675-701. (https://doi.org/10.2307/2279372)
  • Hasanov, F. J., Mukhtarov, S., ve Suleymanov, E. (2023). The role of renewable energy and total factor productivity in reducing CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan. Fresh insights from a new theoretical framework coupled with Autometrics. Energy Strategy Reviews, 47, 101079. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101079)
  • Hausman, J. (1978). Specification test in econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271. (https://doi.org/10.2307/1913827)
  • Hobday, M., Cawson, A. and Kim, S. R. (2001). Governance of Technology in The Electronics Industries of East and South-East Asia. Technovation. (21(4): 209-226. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00038-9)
  • Human Development Index (HDI). (2020). Human Development Reports. Available online: http://hdr.undp. org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi
  • Hunjra, A. I., Ahmed, M., Kashif Iqbal, M., ve Khalil, J. (2014). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Imports, Exports of Goods and Services on Economic Growth of Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 3(3), 155-165.
  • Hussain, H. I., Slusarczyk, B., Kamarudin, F., Thaker, H. M. T., ve Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2020). An investigation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict the relationship among energy intensity, globalization, and financial development in major ASEAN economies. Energies, 13(4), 850. (https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040850)
  • Jin, H., Qian, X., Chin, T., ve Zhang, H. (2020). A global assessment of sustainable development based on modification of the human development index via the entropy method. Sustainability, 12(8), 3251. (https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083251)
  • Jones, D.W. (2004). Urbanization and energy. Energy 6, 329–335. Kaewnern, H., Wangkumharn, S., https://doi.org/pment and renewable energy on human development: An insight from the top ten human development index countries. Energy, 262, 125540. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125540)
  • Kvon, G.M. Prokopyev, A.I. Shestak, V.A. Larionova, A.A. ve Shikh, E.V. (2019). Features of cost advantages from implementation of energy-saving projects. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, 9(3), 53-58. (https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7645)
  • Kutlar, A. (2018). https://www.ayeum.com/ders/eviews-programi-ile-panel-veri-analizi (Erişim Tarihi 18.01.2024)
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust test for equality of variances. Standford University Press, 278-292.0 Li, K., ve Lin, B. (2015). Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption/CO2 emissions: does the level of development matter?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 1107-1122. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.185)
  • Madlener, R., ve Sunak, Y. (2011). Impacts of urbanization on urban structures and energy demand: what can we learn for urban energy planning and urbanization management? Sustain. Cities Soc. 1, 45–53. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2010.08.006)
  • Moran, D.D., Wackernagel, M., Kitzes, J., Goldfinger, S.H. ve Boutaud, A. (2008). Measuring Sustainable Development—Nation by Nation. 64, 470–474. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.08.017)
  • Mukhtarov, S., Aliyev, F., Aliyev, J., ve Ajayi, R. (2022). Renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions: evidence from an oil-rich economy. Sustainability, 15(1), 134. (https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010134)
  • Oluk, F., Demir, Y., Şahiner, E., Gökcan, A., Özcan, H. K., ve Demir, G. (2023). Endüstri 4.0 sisteminin çalışanlar üzerinde oluşturduğu psikososyal risk etmenlerinin incelenmesi; makine ve ekipman imalatı sektörü örneği. Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies, 9-17. (https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1374977)
  • Önder, H., ve Polat, A. (2018). Enerji tüketiminin GSYİH ile ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri panel veri analizi. Marmara İktisat Dergisi, 2(1), 105-116. (https://doi.org/10.24954/mjecon.2018.18)
  • Özşahin, Ş., Mucuk, M., ve Gerçeker, M. (2016). Yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: BRICS-T ülkeleri üzerine panel ARDL analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 111-130.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General diagnostic test for cross section dependence in panels. Cambridge Working Papper
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hacer Handan Demir 0000-0001-6157-9181

Early Pub Date August 29, 2024
Publication Date August 30, 2024
Submission Date May 8, 2024
Acceptance Date August 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, H. H. (2024). Ülkelerin Gelişmişlik Düzeyi ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 673-688. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1480518

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.