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BOSNA-HERSEK’TE MİLLİYETÇİ SÖYLEMLERİN TEHLİKELİ YÜKSELİŞİ: TARİH TEKERRÜR MÜ EDİYOR?

Year 2021, , 425 - 456, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53838/ankarad.1034739

Abstract

Bosna-Hersek 2021’in ikinci yarısında savaş sonrası dönemin en ciddi siyasi kriziyle sallanmaya başladı. Bölücü siyaset izleyen Bosnalı Sırpların liderlerinden Milorad Dodik devlet kurumlarına karşı bir darbeyi anımsatan yıkıcı adımlar atarken, Bosnalı Hırvatlar da Bosna-Hersek içinde özerklik elde etmek için yürüttükleri mücadeleyi iyice yoğunlaştırdı. Bosna-Hersek’in içine düştüğü bu çifte kriz, ülkedeki barış ortamını tehdit ediyor. Uzun süre Bosna-Hersek’i ihmal eden Batılı ülkeler, başlattıkları diplomatik girişimlerle ülkenin üç kurucu halkını diyaloga zorluyor. Batılı ülkelerle Balkanlarda jeopolitik rekabet içine giren Rusya Federasyonu ise Bosna-Hersek’i istikrarsızlaştıran ve devlet kurumlarını bloke eden aktörlere destek veriyor. Neticede etnik ilişkiler bakımından Bosna-Hersek yeniden bir yol ayrımına girmiş bulunuyor. Bu ülkenin üç kurucu halkı önümüzdeki dönemde ya kendi aralarında uzlaşacak ya da ülke bölünmüş ve çalışmayan bir sistemin doğuracağı risklerle karşı karşıya kalacaklardır.

References

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  • BIEBER, Florian, “Local Institutional Engineering: A Tale of Two Cities, Mostar and Brčko”. International Peacekeeping, 12(3), 2005, ss. 420-433.
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  • DIVJAK, Boris ve diğerleri, Studija Sistema Nacionalnog Integriteta: Bosna i Hercegovina 2007, Transparency International, Banja Luka, 2006.
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  • EKINCI, Mehmet Uğur, Bosna-Hersek Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu, SETA Yayınları, Ankara, 2014.
  • GORDY, Eric, “Dayton’s Annex 4 Constitution at 20: Political Stalemate, Public Dissatisfaction and the Rebirth of Self-Organisation”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 15/4, 2015, ss. 611-622.
  • HOLBROOKE, Richard, To End a War, The Modern Library, New York.
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  • HOSA, Joanna ve TCHERNEVA, Vessela, “Pandemic Trends: Serbia Looks East, Ukraine Looks West”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 5 Ağustos 2021, https://ecfr.eu/article/pandemic-trends-serbia-looks-east-ukraine-looks-west.
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  • KEIL, Soeren, “Equality and Inequality in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Eva Maria Belser ve diğerleri (der.), The Principle of Equality in Diverse States: Reconciling Autonomy with Equal Rights and Opportunities, Brill, Leiden, 2021, ss. 338-360.
  • KISSINGER, Henry A., “The Coronavirus Pandemic Will Forever Alter the World Order”, The Wall Street Journal, 3 Nisan 2020.
  • KLAIĆ, Nada, “Srednjovekovna Bosna: Politički Položaj Bosanskih Vladara do Tvrtkove Krunidbe (1377. g.)”, Jusuf Žiga (der.), Savremeno Bosansko Društvo-Hrestomatija, Bosanski Kulturni Centar, Saraybosna, 2000.
  • KREMENOVIĆ, Mladen, “Milanović Demonstrativno Zaobišao Sarajevo”, Politika, 14 Temmuz 2021.
  • MAKSIMOVIĆ, Dragan, “Mediji u BiH u Službi Političkih Stranaka”, Deutsche Welle, 25 Eylül 2014.
  • “Mesić: Tuđman je bio Oduševljen Miloševićevim Prijedlogom o Podjeli BiH”, Aljazeera Balkans, 24 Aralık 2017.
  • MILADINOVIĆ, Aleksandar, “Afera ‘Državni Udar’ u Crnoj Gori: Po Pet godina Zatvora za Lidere Opozicije, BBC Sırpça, 9 Mayıs 2019.
  • Ministarstvo Vera i Dijaspore Republike Srbije, Strategija Očuvanja i Jačanja Odnosa Matične Države i Dijaspore i Matične Države i Srba u Regionu, Belgrad, 2011, http://dijaspora.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/strategija_mvd2011.pdf.
  • “Odluka Visokog Predstavnika Kojom se Donosi Zakon o Dopuni Kaznenog Zakona Bosne i Hercegovine”, Office of the High Representative, 23 Temmuz 2021, http://www.ohr.int/odluka-visokog-predstavnika-kojom-se-donosi-zakon-o-dopuni-kaznenog-zakona-bosne-i-hercegovine.
  • PEČANIN, Senad, kişisel görüşme, Saraybosna, 12 Mayıs 2017.
  • RCC, Balkan Barometer 2021: Public Opinion, Regional Cooperation Council, Saraybosna, 2021.
  • ROSENBAUM, Allan, “Building One Local Government from Three: A Progress Report from Brcko”, Nenad Dimitrijevic ve Petra Kovacs (der.), Managing Hatred and Distrust: The Prognosis for Post-Conflict Settlement in Multiethnic Communities in the Former Yugoslavia, Open Society Institute Yayınları, Budapeşte, 2004, ss. 41-59.
  • “Saopštenje za Javnost”, Ambasada Rusije u Bosni i Hercegovini, 18 Mart 2021, https://bih.mid.ru/bs/press_center/news/saop_tenje_za_javnost.
  • SULJAGIĆ, Emir, “The Role of Croatia in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Insight Turkey, 21/2, 2019, ss. 23-36.
  • Strategija Nacionalne Sigurnosti Republike Srbije, 94/2019-13, 27 Aralık 2019, https://www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/strategija/2019/94/2.
  • The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Initialled in Dayton on 21 November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14 December 1995, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/0/126173.pdf.
  • “TI: BiH Među Zemljama u Kojima se Korupcija Najviše Pogoršava, Građani Životno Ugroženi,” Slobodnaevropa.org, 28 Ocak 2021.
  • TÜRBEDAR, Erhan, Kosova’nın Bağımsızlık İlanının Sırbistan, Bosna-Hersek ve Makedonya’ya Etkileri, Avrasya Dosyası, 14(1), 2008, ss. 23-55.
  • TÜRBEDAR, Erhan, Balkanlarda Siyaset, Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir, 2020.
  • “Ustav Republike Hrvatske”, Narodne Novine, Sluzbeni List Republike Hrvatske, https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2010_07_85_2422.html.
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  • Vanjek, Dejan, “Federal Equality in Multinational Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Eva Maria Belser ve diğerleri (der.), The Principle of Equality in Diverse States: Reconciling Autonomy with Equal Rights and Opportunities, Brill, Leiden, 2021, ss. 361-393.
  • VUKAS, Budislav, “Prijedlozi i Nacrti Konfederalizacije Jugoslavije 1990./91: Posljednji Pokušaji Spašavanja Zajedničke Države,” Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, 27/2, 2006, ss. 761-803.
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  • WFD, “Cost of Youth Emigration from Bosnia and Herzegovina,” Westminster Foundation for Democracy, https://www.wfd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Cost-of-Youth-Emigration-from-BH_.pdf.
  • ZUKIĆ, Amir, “Pravni Položaj Bosne i Hercegovine u Stvaranju Jugoslovenske Države”, Anali Pravnog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici, sayı 14, 2014, ss. 611-630.

DANGEROUS RISE OF NATIONALIST DISCOURSE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: IS HISTORY REPEATING?

Year 2021, , 425 - 456, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53838/ankarad.1034739

Abstract

In the second half of 2021, Bosnia and Herzegovina began to shake with the most severe political crisis of the post-war era. While Milorad Dodik, one of the Bosnian Serbs leaders who follow a separatist policy, took devastating steps reminiscent of a coup against state institutions, the Bosnian Croats have intensified their struggle for autonomy within Bosnia and Herzegovina. This “double crisis” in Bosnia and Herzegovina threatens the country’s peaceful environment. Western countries, which have long neglected Bosnia and Herzegovina, have initiated diplomatic efforts to force the country’s three constitutional peoples into dialogue. However, the Russian Federation, which has entered into geopolitical competition with Western countries in the Balkans, supports actors that destabilize and block the state institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a result, ethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina are again at a crossroads. The three constitutional nations of this country will either reconcile with each other in the coming period or face the risks of a divided and dysfunctional system.

References

  • “Albright Pledges $5 Million in Aid to Bosnian Serbs”, Washington Post, 21 Şubat 1998.
  • BECHEV, Dimitar, Rival Power: Rusia’s Influence in Southeast Europe, Yale University Press, Londra, 2017.
  • BEGIĆ, Zlatan, “One More Attempt by the US Administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Constitutional Reform of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Mission Impossible or Back to the Future?” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 19/4, 2017, ss. 419-445.
  • BIEBER, Florian, “Local Institutional Engineering: A Tale of Two Cities, Mostar and Brčko”. International Peacekeeping, 12(3), 2005, ss. 420-433.
  • “BiH Najvise u Regionu Trosi na Administraciju”, Dnevni Avaz, 22-23 Ekim 2006.
  • BOŽOVIĆ, Balša, “Srpski Svet” je Opasnost za Ceo Region”, Politicki.ba, 8 Aralık 2021.
  • CIRMAN, Primož ve VUKOVIĆ, Vesna,“Objavljamo Dokument o Razdelitvi BiH, Ki Ga Išče Ves Balkan”, 15 Nisan 2021, https://necenzurirano.si/clanek/aktualno/objavljamo-slovenski-dokument-o-razdelitvi-bih-ki-ga-isce-ves-balkan-865692?fbclid=IwAR01EvjtAIeFtqdc4-zNo2we5FKlmcM5wygSY31mK5jypHsMfdcuqm3VVwU.
  • “Čović: Dodik Nije Destabilizirajući Faktor u BiH”, N1, 27 Ekim 2021.
  • “Deal Zapada s Nacionalistima u BiH”, Radiosarajevo.ba, 29 Kasım 2021.
  • DIVJAK, Boris ve diğerleri, Studija Sistema Nacionalnog Integriteta: Bosna i Hercegovina 2007, Transparency International, Banja Luka, 2006.
  • “Dodik Priznao Genocid, Pa Promijenio Mišljenje”, Aljazeera Balkans, [Video], 11 Temmuz 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7RidB2puQU.
  • “Dodik za Hrvatski Entitet u BiH”, Hina, 16 Ocak 2007.
  • “Egzodus: U Posljednjih Sedam Godina BiH Napustilo 370.000 Stanovnika”, Radiosarajevo.ba, 19 Haziran 2021.
  • EKINCI, Mehmet Uğur, Bosna-Hersek Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu, SETA Yayınları, Ankara, 2014.
  • GORDY, Eric, “Dayton’s Annex 4 Constitution at 20: Political Stalemate, Public Dissatisfaction and the Rebirth of Self-Organisation”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 15/4, 2015, ss. 611-622.
  • HOLBROOKE, Richard, To End a War, The Modern Library, New York.
  • “Holbruk Priznao Gresku”, Dnevni Avaz, 20 Kasım 2006, s. 4.
  • HOSA, Joanna ve TCHERNEVA, Vessela, “Pandemic Trends: Serbia Looks East, Ukraine Looks West”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 5 Ağustos 2021, https://ecfr.eu/article/pandemic-trends-serbia-looks-east-ukraine-looks-west.
  • HUSEINOVIĆ, Samir “Rusija Ušutkala Christana Schmidta”, Deutsche Welle, 3 Kasım 2021.
  • HUSKIĆ, Adnan, “Bosnia and Herzegovina Abandoned by the West, Embraced by the East?”, F. Bieber ve N. Tzifakis (der.), The Western Balkans in the World: Linkages and Relations with Non-Western Countries, Routledge, New York, 2020, ss. 83-107.
  • IBRAHIMAGIĆ, Omer, Dejton-Bosna u Evropi: Pravna Suština, Vijeće Kongresa Bošnjačkih Intelektualaca, Saraybosna, 2001.
  • International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021 Edition, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October.
  • ICG, “COVID-19 and Conflict: Seven Trends to Watch,” International Crisis Group, Special Briefing 4, 24 Mart 2020.
  • “Iza Vesti: Gost Goran Svilanović”, N1, [Video], 6 Ekim 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D59e9Rs6Tkg.
  • “Izjave o Imovinskom Stanju: Opći Izbori 2018. Godine”, Središnje Izborno Povjerenstvo Bosne i Hercegovine, https://www.izbori.ba/Default.aspx?CategoryID=955&Lang=4.
  • JAZIĆ, Alen, “Polovina Građana BiH na Državnom Budžetu”, Aljazeera Balkans, 13 Ağustos 2017.
  • KARABEG, Omer, “Da li je Još Živa Politika Podele BiH,” Slobodnaevropa.org, 29 Ocak 2012.
  • KEIL, Soeren, “Equality and Inequality in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Eva Maria Belser ve diğerleri (der.), The Principle of Equality in Diverse States: Reconciling Autonomy with Equal Rights and Opportunities, Brill, Leiden, 2021, ss. 338-360.
  • KISSINGER, Henry A., “The Coronavirus Pandemic Will Forever Alter the World Order”, The Wall Street Journal, 3 Nisan 2020.
  • KLAIĆ, Nada, “Srednjovekovna Bosna: Politički Položaj Bosanskih Vladara do Tvrtkove Krunidbe (1377. g.)”, Jusuf Žiga (der.), Savremeno Bosansko Društvo-Hrestomatija, Bosanski Kulturni Centar, Saraybosna, 2000.
  • KREMENOVIĆ, Mladen, “Milanović Demonstrativno Zaobišao Sarajevo”, Politika, 14 Temmuz 2021.
  • MAKSIMOVIĆ, Dragan, “Mediji u BiH u Službi Političkih Stranaka”, Deutsche Welle, 25 Eylül 2014.
  • “Mesić: Tuđman je bio Oduševljen Miloševićevim Prijedlogom o Podjeli BiH”, Aljazeera Balkans, 24 Aralık 2017.
  • MILADINOVIĆ, Aleksandar, “Afera ‘Državni Udar’ u Crnoj Gori: Po Pet godina Zatvora za Lidere Opozicije, BBC Sırpça, 9 Mayıs 2019.
  • Ministarstvo Vera i Dijaspore Republike Srbije, Strategija Očuvanja i Jačanja Odnosa Matične Države i Dijaspore i Matične Države i Srba u Regionu, Belgrad, 2011, http://dijaspora.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/strategija_mvd2011.pdf.
  • “Odluka Visokog Predstavnika Kojom se Donosi Zakon o Dopuni Kaznenog Zakona Bosne i Hercegovine”, Office of the High Representative, 23 Temmuz 2021, http://www.ohr.int/odluka-visokog-predstavnika-kojom-se-donosi-zakon-o-dopuni-kaznenog-zakona-bosne-i-hercegovine.
  • PEČANIN, Senad, kişisel görüşme, Saraybosna, 12 Mayıs 2017.
  • RCC, Balkan Barometer 2021: Public Opinion, Regional Cooperation Council, Saraybosna, 2021.
  • ROSENBAUM, Allan, “Building One Local Government from Three: A Progress Report from Brcko”, Nenad Dimitrijevic ve Petra Kovacs (der.), Managing Hatred and Distrust: The Prognosis for Post-Conflict Settlement in Multiethnic Communities in the Former Yugoslavia, Open Society Institute Yayınları, Budapeşte, 2004, ss. 41-59.
  • “Saopštenje za Javnost”, Ambasada Rusije u Bosni i Hercegovini, 18 Mart 2021, https://bih.mid.ru/bs/press_center/news/saop_tenje_za_javnost.
  • SULJAGIĆ, Emir, “The Role of Croatia in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Insight Turkey, 21/2, 2019, ss. 23-36.
  • Strategija Nacionalne Sigurnosti Republike Srbije, 94/2019-13, 27 Aralık 2019, https://www.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs/SlGlasnikPortal/eli/rep/sgrs/skupstina/strategija/2019/94/2.
  • The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Initialled in Dayton on 21 November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14 December 1995, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/0/126173.pdf.
  • “TI: BiH Među Zemljama u Kojima se Korupcija Najviše Pogoršava, Građani Životno Ugroženi,” Slobodnaevropa.org, 28 Ocak 2021.
  • TÜRBEDAR, Erhan, Kosova’nın Bağımsızlık İlanının Sırbistan, Bosna-Hersek ve Makedonya’ya Etkileri, Avrasya Dosyası, 14(1), 2008, ss. 23-55.
  • TÜRBEDAR, Erhan, Balkanlarda Siyaset, Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Eskişehir, 2020.
  • “Ustav Republike Hrvatske”, Narodne Novine, Sluzbeni List Republike Hrvatske, https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2010_07_85_2422.html.
  • Ustavni Sud Bosne i Hercegovine, Odluka o Meritumu, U-5/98, 29 Ocak 2000, https://www.ustavnisud.ba/uploads/odluke/_bs/U-5-98-12200.pdf.
  • Vanjek, Dejan, “Federal Equality in Multinational Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Eva Maria Belser ve diğerleri (der.), The Principle of Equality in Diverse States: Reconciling Autonomy with Equal Rights and Opportunities, Brill, Leiden, 2021, ss. 361-393.
  • VUKAS, Budislav, “Prijedlozi i Nacrti Konfederalizacije Jugoslavije 1990./91: Posljednji Pokušaji Spašavanja Zajedničke Države,” Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, 27/2, 2006, ss. 761-803.
  • “Vulin: Zadatak Ove Generacije Političara je da Stvori Srpski Svet”, Aljazeera Balkans, 6 Eylül 2021.
  • WFD, “Cost of Youth Emigration from Bosnia and Herzegovina,” Westminster Foundation for Democracy, https://www.wfd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Cost-of-Youth-Emigration-from-BH_.pdf.
  • ZUKIĆ, Amir, “Pravni Položaj Bosne i Hercegovine u Stvaranju Jugoslovenske Države”, Anali Pravnog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Zenici, sayı 14, 2014, ss. 611-630.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Erhan Türbedar 0000-0003-3981-6405

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Submission Date December 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

Chicago Türbedar, Erhan. “BOSNA-HERSEK’TE MİLLİYETÇİ SÖYLEMLERİN TEHLİKELİ YÜKSELİŞİ: TARİH TEKERRÜR MÜ EDİYOR?”. Ankara Anadolu Ve Rumeli Araştırmaları Dergisi 2, no. 4 (December 2021): 425-56. https://doi.org/10.53838/ankarad.1034739.

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