Cadmium Toxicity and its Effects on Growth and Metal Nutrient Ion Accumulation in Solanaceae Plants

Abstract

The effect of cadmium Cd toxicity was studied in four Solanaceae plants tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.; pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and goldenberry, Physalis peruviana L. grown in greenhouse under natural light conditions. The soil was treated with five levels of Cd 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 . Except for the tomato, the shoot and root dry biomass decreased with increasing Cd. Plant growth, bioaccumulation and translocation of Cd and accumulation of metal nutrient ions [potassium K , calcium Ca , magnesium Mg , sodium Na , iron Fe , manganese Mn , copper Cu and zinc Zn ] were investigated. On the basis of the percent reductions in the shoot dry biomass, the tomato was determined to be Cd-tolerant, and the other plants Cd-sensitive. The shoot and root Cd contents, uptakes, and total accumulation rate TAR were increased with increasing rate of Cd applied, except for the shoot Cd content and root uptake of the goldenberry. The bioconcentration factor BCF and the translocation factor TF of Cd diminished at all plants, with the exception of the TF for tomato. With respect to Cd translocation, plant species showed a ranking as follows: goldenberry

Keywords

• Cadmium
• Solanaceae
• Accumulation
• Bioconcentration
• Translocation
• Metal nutrient ions

Kadmiyum Toksisitesi ve Kadmiyumun Solanaceae Bitkilerinde Gelişim ve Metal Besin İyonu Akümülasyonuna Etkisi

Abstract

Serada ve doğal ışık koşulları altında yetiştirilen dört farklı Solanaceae familyası bitkisinde domates, Solanum lycopersicum L.; biber, Capsicum annuum L.; patlıcan, Solanum melongena L. ve altınçilek, Physalis peruviana L. kadmiyum Cd toksisitesinin etkisi ve bitki gelişimi, Cd’un biyoakümülayonu, Cd’un translokasyonu ile metal besin iyonlarının [potasyum K , kalsiyum Ca , magnezyum Mg , sodyum Na , demir Fe , mangan Mn , bakır Cu ve çinko Zn ] akümülasyonu araştırılmıştır. Bunun için, deneme toprağına beş farklı düzeyde Cd 0, 2.5, 5, 10 ve 20 mg kg-1 uygulanmıştır. Domates hariç, diğer bitkilerin gövde ve kök kuru biyokütleleri artan Cd düzeylerine bağlı olarak azalmıştır. Gövde kuru biyokütlesindeki yüzde azalma temel alındığında; domatesin Cd’a toleranslı ve diğer bitkilerin ise Cd’a duyarlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Altınçilek bitkisinde gövde Cd içeriği ve kök Cd alımı hariç, bitkilerde gövde ve kökün Cd içerikleri, Cd alımları ve toplam akümülasyon oranları artan Cd düzeylerine bağlı olarak artmıştır. Domates için translokasyon faktörü hariç tüm bitkilerde, Cd’un biyokonsantrasyon faktörü ve translokasyon faktörü azalmıştır. Kadmiyumun translokasyonuna göre bitkiler; altınçilek

Keywords

• Kadmiyum
• Solanaceae
• Akümülasyon
• Biyokonsantrasyon
• Translokasyon
• Metal besin iyonları

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