The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant properties of kefir samples produced from different cow/soy
milk mixtures. Antioxidative activities such as the inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation, reducing activity, the
scavenging effect of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide of kefir samples were determined. Kefirs
produced from whole soymilk had the highest inhibition rate of ascorbate autoxidation. Reducing activities of kefir
samples, expressed as equivalent amounts of cysteine, were found statistically different and elevated by increased
soymilk ratio. Results of the inhibition of superoxide radical generation of cow, cow/soy and soymilk kefir samples
were found statistically different. However, the effect of fermentation on this activity neither with kefir grain nor
culture was significant. Results indicated that none of kefir samples exhibit a hydrogen peroxide scavenging
activity.
Archibald F S & Fridovich I (1981). Manganese,
superoxide dismutase, and oxygen tolerance in
some lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology
146: 928–936
Büyükbalci A & El S N (2008). Determination of in
vitro antidiabetic effects, antioxidant activities and
pheral contents of some herbal tea. Plant Food
Human Nutrition 63: 27-33
Callou, K R D A, Sadigov S & Lajolo F M (2010).
Genovese, M. I.: Isoflavones and antioxidant
capacity of commercial soy-based beverages: effect
of storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 58: 4284-4291
Chandan R C (2006). History and consumption trends.
In: Chandan, R. C.: Manufacturing Yogurt and
Fermented Milks. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing pp.
3-16
Gulcin I, Huyut Z, Elmastas M & Aboul-Enein H Y
(2010). Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity
of tannic acid. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 3: 43–
53
Guzel-Seydim Z B, Kok-Tas T, Greene A K & Seydim
A C (2011). Review: Functional properties of kefir.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
51:3 261-268
Kamaly K M (1997). Bifidobacteria fermentation of
soybean milk. Food Research International 30:
675-682
Kesenkas H, Gürsoy O, Kinik Ö & Akbulut N (2006).
Extension of shelf life of dairy products by
biopreservetion: protective cultures. Gıda 31: 217-
223
Kılıc S, Uysal H, Akbulut N, Kavas G & Kesenkas H
(1999). Chemical, microbiological and sensory
changes in ripening kefirs produced from starters
and grains. Ege University Journal of Agricultural
Faculty 36: 111-118
Lin M Y & Yen C L (1999). Antioxidative ability of
lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Agriculture and
Food Chemistry 47: 1460-1466
Liu J R, Chen M J & Lin C W (2002). Characterization
of polysaccharide and volatile compounds produced
by kefir grains grown in soymilk. Food Chemistry
and Toxicology 67: 104-108
McCue P P & Shetty K (2005). Phenolic antioxidant
mobilization during yoghurt production from
soymilk using kefir cultures process. Process
Biochemistry 40: 1791-1797
Meir S, Kanner J, Akiri B & Philosoph Hadas S (1995).
Determination and involvement of aqueous
reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems
of various senescing leaves. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 43: 1813-1819
Rekha C R & Vijayakshmi G (2008). Biomolecules and
nutritional quality of soymilk fermented with
probiotic yeast and bacteria. Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology 151: 452–463
Sanders J W, Leehouts K J, Haandrikmam A J, Venema
G & Kok J (1995). Stress response in Lactococcus
lactis: Cloning, expression analysis, and mutation of
the lactococcal superoxide dismutase gene. Journal
of Bacteriology 177: 5254-5260
Serrano J, Goni I & Sauro - Calixto F (2007). Food
antioxidant capacity determined by chemical
methods may underestimate the physiological
antioxidant capacity. Food Research International
40: 15-21
Wang Y C, Yu R C & Chou C C (2006). Antioxidative
activities of soymilk fermented with lactic acid
bacteria bifidobacteria. Food Microbiology 23: 128-
135
Yang J H, Mau J L, Ko P T & Huang L C (2000).
Antioxidant properties of fermented soybean milk
broth. Food Chemistry 71: 249-254
Yen G C & Duh P D (1994). Scavenging effect of
methanolic extracts of peanut hulls on free radical
and active-oxygen species. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 42: 629-632
Farklı İnek ve Soya Sütü Karışımlarından Üretilen Kefirlerin Antioksidan Özellikleri
Year 2011,
Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 253 - 259, 04.09.2011
Bu çalışmanın amacı inek, soya sütü ve bunların farklı karışımlarından üretilen kefir örneklerinin antioksidan kapasitelerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, üretilen kefir örneklerinde askorbat otooksidasyonu, süperoksit anyon radikali ve hidrojen peroksit tutuklayıcı etkileri ile indirgen aktivite gibi antioksidatif özellikler incelenmiştir. Sadece soya sütü ile üretilen kefirler en yüksek askorbat otooksidasyon oranına sahip olmuştur. Kefir örneklerinin sistein eşdeğer miktarı olarak ifade edilen indirgen aktiviteleri istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuş ve soya sütü oranın artmasıyla yükselmiştir. İnek, inek/soya ve soya sütlerinden üretilen kefirlere ait süperoksit radikal oluşumunu durdurma sonuçları istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Ancak, gerek kefir tanesi ile gerekse kefir kültürü ile gerçekleştirilen fermantasyonun söz konusu aktivite üzerine etkisi önemsizdir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kefir örneklerinin hiçbiri hidrojen peroksit tutuklayıcı etki göstermemiştir.
Archibald F S & Fridovich I (1981). Manganese,
superoxide dismutase, and oxygen tolerance in
some lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology
146: 928–936
Büyükbalci A & El S N (2008). Determination of in
vitro antidiabetic effects, antioxidant activities and
pheral contents of some herbal tea. Plant Food
Human Nutrition 63: 27-33
Callou, K R D A, Sadigov S & Lajolo F M (2010).
Genovese, M. I.: Isoflavones and antioxidant
capacity of commercial soy-based beverages: effect
of storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 58: 4284-4291
Chandan R C (2006). History and consumption trends.
In: Chandan, R. C.: Manufacturing Yogurt and
Fermented Milks. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing pp.
3-16
Gulcin I, Huyut Z, Elmastas M & Aboul-Enein H Y
(2010). Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity
of tannic acid. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 3: 43–
53
Guzel-Seydim Z B, Kok-Tas T, Greene A K & Seydim
A C (2011). Review: Functional properties of kefir.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
51:3 261-268
Kamaly K M (1997). Bifidobacteria fermentation of
soybean milk. Food Research International 30:
675-682
Kesenkas H, Gürsoy O, Kinik Ö & Akbulut N (2006).
Extension of shelf life of dairy products by
biopreservetion: protective cultures. Gıda 31: 217-
223
Kılıc S, Uysal H, Akbulut N, Kavas G & Kesenkas H
(1999). Chemical, microbiological and sensory
changes in ripening kefirs produced from starters
and grains. Ege University Journal of Agricultural
Faculty 36: 111-118
Lin M Y & Yen C L (1999). Antioxidative ability of
lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Agriculture and
Food Chemistry 47: 1460-1466
Liu J R, Chen M J & Lin C W (2002). Characterization
of polysaccharide and volatile compounds produced
by kefir grains grown in soymilk. Food Chemistry
and Toxicology 67: 104-108
McCue P P & Shetty K (2005). Phenolic antioxidant
mobilization during yoghurt production from
soymilk using kefir cultures process. Process
Biochemistry 40: 1791-1797
Meir S, Kanner J, Akiri B & Philosoph Hadas S (1995).
Determination and involvement of aqueous
reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems
of various senescing leaves. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 43: 1813-1819
Rekha C R & Vijayakshmi G (2008). Biomolecules and
nutritional quality of soymilk fermented with
probiotic yeast and bacteria. Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology 151: 452–463
Sanders J W, Leehouts K J, Haandrikmam A J, Venema
G & Kok J (1995). Stress response in Lactococcus
lactis: Cloning, expression analysis, and mutation of
the lactococcal superoxide dismutase gene. Journal
of Bacteriology 177: 5254-5260
Serrano J, Goni I & Sauro - Calixto F (2007). Food
antioxidant capacity determined by chemical
methods may underestimate the physiological
antioxidant capacity. Food Research International
40: 15-21
Wang Y C, Yu R C & Chou C C (2006). Antioxidative
activities of soymilk fermented with lactic acid
bacteria bifidobacteria. Food Microbiology 23: 128-
135
Yang J H, Mau J L, Ko P T & Huang L C (2000).
Antioxidant properties of fermented soybean milk
broth. Food Chemistry 71: 249-254
Yen G C & Duh P D (1994). Scavenging effect of
methanolic extracts of peanut hulls on free radical
and active-oxygen species. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 42: 629-632
Kesenkaş, H. (2011). Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(3), 253-259.
AMA
Kesenkaş H. Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. September 2011;17(3):253-259.
Chicago
Kesenkaş, Harun. “Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 17, no. 3 (September 2011): 253-59.
EndNote
Kesenkaş H (September 1, 2011) Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 17 3 253–259.
IEEE
H. Kesenkaş, “Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures”, J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 253–259, 2011.
ISNAD
Kesenkaş, Harun. “Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 17/3 (September 2011), 253-259.
JAMA
Kesenkaş H. Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2011;17:253–259.
MLA
Kesenkaş, Harun. “Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures”. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 17, no. 3, 2011, pp. 253-9.
Vancouver
Kesenkaş H. Antioxidant Properties of Kefir Produced from Different Cow and Soy Milk Mixtures. J Agr Sci-Tarim Bili. 2011;17(3):253-9.