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Anagyrus pseudococci Girault Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae ’nin Farklı Yaştaki Planococcus citri Risso Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Üzerindeki Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 04, 434 - 441, 01.11.2005
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000569

Abstract

Anagyrus pseudococci’nin bazı biyolojik özelliklerine konukçusu Planococus citri’nin yaşının etkileri 12 ve 18 gün yaşlı nimfleri üzerinde, 28±1°C sıcaklık, % 60-65 orantılı nem, 16:8 aydınlık:karanlık ışıklanma rejiminin sağlandığı iklim odası koşullarında incelenmiştir. Parazitoitin gelişme süresi, ergin ömrü, cinsiyet oranı, bir dişi başına meydana gelen erkek, dişi ve toplam birey sayısı ve kapsüllenme reaksiyonu, ayrıca unlubitin mumyalaşma süresi araştırılmış, bu verilerden faydalanılarak parazitoitin iki farklı yaştaki unlubitler üzerindeki yaşam çizelgesi oluşturulmuştur. A. pseudococci’ nin gelişme süresi ve ömür uzunluğu üzerinde konukçu yaşının önemli bir etkisi olmadığı, dişi bireylerinin gelişme süresinin 12 gün yaşlı turunçgil unlubiti nimflerinde ortalama 13,20±0,092 gün, erkeklerde 12,45±0,11 gün olduğu, 18 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde, dişilerin 13,15±0,18 gün, erkeklerin 12,35±0,15 günde geliştiği tespit edilmiştir. Dişi parazitoitin ömür süresinin erkeklerden daha uzun olduğu ve 12 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde 14,35±0,68 gün, 18 gün yaşlılarda 14,60±0,62 gün sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Parazitoitin ovipozisyonu 12 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde 11.50±0.44 gün, 18 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde 13.35±0.70 gün sürmüştür. Bir dişi parazitoit başına meydana gelen dişi birey sayısı, 12 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde 13,05±0,55 adet, 18 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde 21,65±1,1 adet, erkek sayısı ise sırasıyla 17,40±0,59 ve 24,40±1,1 adet bulunmuştur. A. pseudococci’nin cinsiyet oranı 12 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde yetiştirilen populasyonda 0,75:1, 18 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde 1:0,88 ♀:♂ olarak belirlenmiştir. A. pseudococci’nin 12 gün yaşlı turunçgil unlubitine bıraktığı yumurtalarının toplam ve etkili kapsüllenme oranı %31.80 ve % 28.30, 18 gün yaşlı unlubitlerde ise % 70.46 ve % 59.11 olduğu saptanmıştır. 12 gün yaşlı turunçgil unlubiti populasyonunda A. pseudococci’nin döl süresi To = 18.71 gün, net üreme gücü Ro = 13.05 dişi/dişi/döl, doğal artış kapasitesi rm 0.137±0.000 dişi/ dişi/ gün iken, 18 gün yaşlı turunçgil unlubiti populasyonunda bu değerler sırasıyla T0 = 13.15 gün, R0 = 21.56 dişi/dişi/döl, rm 0.157±0.000 dişi/ dişi/ gün olarak hesaplanmış ve aralarındaki fark istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur

References

  • Andrewartha, H.G. and L.C. Birch. 1970. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals, Univ. Chicago press, Chicago.
  • Anonim 2002. Türkiye’de Zirai Mücadelenin Dünü Bugünü ve Geleceği. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Anonim, 1997. Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı, TAGEM yayınları, Ankara.
  • Ben-Dov, Y. 1994. A Systematic Catalogue of The Mealybugs of The World (Homoptera: Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with Data on Geographical Distribution, Host Plants, Biology and Economic İmportance. Intercept Limited, andover, UK.
  • Blumberg D., M. Klein and Z. Mendel, 1995. Response by Encapsulation of Four Mealybug Species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to Parasitization by Anagyrus pseudococci, Phytoparasitica. 23: 157-163.
  • Blumberg, D. and R. Van Driesche 2001. Encapsulation Rates of The Encyrtid Parasitoids by Three Mealybug Species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Found Commonly Pests in Commerical Greenhouses. Biological Control. 22:191-199.
  • Blumberg, D., J.C Franco,. P. Suma, A. Russo and Z. Mendel, 2001. Parasitoit Encapsulation in Mealybugs (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae) as Affected by Host- Parasitoid Association and Superparasitism. Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic. Ser. II 33(3):385-395.
  • Cabaleiro, C., and A. Segura, 1997. Field Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll Associated Virus 3 (Glrav-3) by The Mealybug Planococcus citri. Plant Dis. 81:283-287.
  • Daane,K.M., R.D. Malakar-Kuenen and V.M. Walton, 2004. Temperature-Dependent Development of Anagyrus Pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Parasitid of The Vine Mealybug Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biological Control 31: 123-132.
  • Düzgüneş, Z. 1982. Türkiye’de Bulunan Pseudococcidae (Homoptera:Coccoidea) Türleri Üzerinde İncelemeler. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 836, Ankara.
  • Golino D. A., S.T. Sim, R. Gill and A. Rowhani, 2002. California Mealybugs Can Spread Grapevine Leafroll Disease. California Agriculture, 56(6): 196-201.
  • Gill, R., 1994. Vine mealybug. California Plant Pest and Disease Report, January–June, 8. California Department of Food and agriculture, Sacramento, CA.
  • Godfrey, K.E., K.M. Daane, W.J. Bentley, R.J. Gill and R.Malakar- Kuenen, 2002. Mealybugs in California vineyards. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 21612, Oakland, CA
  • Islam, K.S., H.A.S. Perera and M.J.W. Copland. 1997. The Effects Of Parasitism By An Encyrtid Parasitoid, Anagyrus Pseudococci on The Survival, Reproduction and Physiological Changes of the Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso). Entomol. Experi. Et Appli. 34: 77-83.
  • Malakar-Kuenen R., K. Daane, W. Bentley, G. Yokota, and L. Martin, 2001. Population Dynamics of Vine Mealybug and its Natural Enemies in The Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys. UC Plant protection quarterly 11:1-4.
  • Meyer, J. S., C. G. Ingersoll, L. L. McDonald and M. S. Boyce, 1986. Estimating Uncertainty in Population Growth Rates: Jackknife vs. Bootstrap Techniques. Ecology 67, 1156- 1166.
  • Moore, D. 1988. Agents Used For Biological Control Of Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Biocontrol News and İnformation 9: 209-225.
  • Niyazau, O.P., 1967. Anagyrus pseudococci (Gir.) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Parasitid of the Mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso). Rev.of App. Ent. Series 61,4.
  • Noyes, J.S. and M. Hayat, 1994. Oriental Mealybug Parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International—Natural History Museum, London University Press, Cambridge. 184–190.
  • Persad, A. and A. Khan, 2002. Comparison of Life Table Parameters for Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Anagyrus kamali, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus coccivora. Biocontrol 47: 137-149.
  • Rosen, D. and Y. Rössler, 1966. Studies on an İsrael Strain of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Entomophaga, II (3): 269-277.
  • Salt, G., 1963 The Defence Reactions of Insects to Metazdan Parasites. Parasitology 53, 527-642.
  • Saqarra, L.A., C. Peterkin, C. Vincent, and R.K. Stewart, 2000. Immune Response of Hibiscus Mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsitus Green (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to Oviposition of the Parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae). Journal of Insect Physicology 4: 647-653.
  • Souissi, R. and B. Le Rü, 1997. Comparative Life Table statistics of Apoanagyrus lopezi reared on The Cassava Mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Fed on Four Host Plants. Ent. Exper. Et Appli. 36: 113-119.
  • Southwood T.R.E. 1978. Ecological Methods. Chapman and Hall, New York.
  • Summy, K. R., V.J. French and V. G. Hart. 1986. Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Homoptera: Pseudococci), on Greenhouse Citrus. Density Dependent Regulation by an Encyrtid Parasitoid Complex. Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 891-895.
  • Sun, J., G.L DeBarr, C.W Berisford,.and M.E. Schauff, 1998. Description of a new primary parasitoid, Zarhopalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of Oracella acuta (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). The Canadian Entomologist 130: 793-797.
  • Telli, S. ve A. Yiğit, 2004. Leptomastix dactylopii(How.) ve Anagyrus pseudococci(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae).’nin Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri ve Turunçgil Unlubiti Planococcus citri Risso (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)’yi Parazitleme Güçleri. Türkiye I. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 8-10 Eylül 2004, Samsun.
  • Tingle, C.C.D. and M.J.W. Copland, 1988. Predicting Development of The Mealybug parasitoids Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastidea abnormis Under Glasshouse Conditions. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 46: 19-28.
  • Tingle, C.C.D. and M.J.W Copland, 1989. Progeny Production And Adult Longevity Of The Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastidea abnormis (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Relation to Temperature. Entomophaga 34(2): 11-120.
  • Türkyılmaz, N. ve K. Çiftçi. 1991-1992. Turunçgil unlubiti Planococcus citri parazitoiti Anagyrus pseudococci‘ nin Kitle Üretimi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı No:26-27, 52.
  • Uygun, N. 2001. Türkiye Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Entegre Mücadele, Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırma Projesi Yayınları, Adana.
  • Van Driesche, R.G., A. Bellotti, C.J. Herrera and J.A. Castillo, 1986. Encapsulation Rates of Two Encyrtid Parasitoids by Two Phenacoccus Spp. of Cassava Mealybugs in Colombia. Entomol. exp. appl. 42: 79-82
  • Williams, D. J. and W. G. Watson, 1988. The Scale insects of the Tropical and South Pacific Region, Part 2. The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). C.A.B. İnternational, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
  • Yiğit, A., R. Canhilal, ve K. Zaman,.1994. Turunçgil unlubiti, Planococcus citri (Risso)’nin Bazı Doğal Düşmanlarının Depolanabilme İmkanları. Türkiye 3. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi Bildiriler: 25-28 Ocak 1994, İzmir.

Some Biological Aspect of Anagyrus pseudococci Girault Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae on Different Ages of Planococcus citri Risso Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae

Year 2005, Volume: 11 Issue: 04, 434 - 441, 01.11.2005
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000569

Abstract

Some biological aspects development time, adult longevity, sex ratio, real fecundity, encapsulation of Anagyrus pseudococci on 12 and 18 old day nimphes of Planococus citri were investigated at 28± 1 °C temperature, % 60-65 relative humidity and , 16L:8D photoperiod conditions. The life table parameters of parasitoid on two different age of citrus mealy bugs nymphs were estimated. Effects of host age were not significantly important on the developmental time and adult longevity of A. pseudococci. The developmental times of parasitoid were 13,20±0,092 days for female, 12,45±0,11 days for male on 12 day old mealybugs; 13,15±0,18 day for female, 12,35±0,15 days for male on 18 day old mealybugs. Adult longevities of female parasitoids were longer than male and 14,35±0,68 days on 12 day old, 14,60±0,62 days on 18 day old mealybugs. The oviposition of A. pseudococci were 11.50±0.44 days on 12 day old mealybugs and , 13.35±0.70 days on 18 days old mealybugs. Total numbers of female individuals of the parasitoid on 12 and 18 day old citrus mealybug nymphs were 13,05±0,55, 21,65±1,1 and male numbers 17,40±0,59 and 24,40±1,1respectively. The sex ratio was found 1:0,75 on 12 day old and 1:0,88 ♀:♂ 18 day old mealybugs. The aggregate and effective encapsulation ratios were found as %31.80 and % 28.30 on 12 day old mealybugs and, % 70.46 and % 59.11 18 day old mealybugs. For the parasitoids on 12 day old nymph the generation time To = 18.71 days, net reproductive rate Ro = 13.05 female/female/generation and intrinsic rate of increase rm = 0.137±0.000 female/female/day. The life table parameters for 18 day old mealy bugs were calculated T0 = 13.15 day, R0 = 21.56 female/female/generation, rm = 0.157±0.000 female/female/day

References

  • Andrewartha, H.G. and L.C. Birch. 1970. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals, Univ. Chicago press, Chicago.
  • Anonim 2002. Türkiye’de Zirai Mücadelenin Dünü Bugünü ve Geleceği. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Koruma Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Anonim, 1997. Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı, TAGEM yayınları, Ankara.
  • Ben-Dov, Y. 1994. A Systematic Catalogue of The Mealybugs of The World (Homoptera: Coccoidea:Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with Data on Geographical Distribution, Host Plants, Biology and Economic İmportance. Intercept Limited, andover, UK.
  • Blumberg D., M. Klein and Z. Mendel, 1995. Response by Encapsulation of Four Mealybug Species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to Parasitization by Anagyrus pseudococci, Phytoparasitica. 23: 157-163.
  • Blumberg, D. and R. Van Driesche 2001. Encapsulation Rates of The Encyrtid Parasitoids by Three Mealybug Species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Found Commonly Pests in Commerical Greenhouses. Biological Control. 22:191-199.
  • Blumberg, D., J.C Franco,. P. Suma, A. Russo and Z. Mendel, 2001. Parasitoit Encapsulation in Mealybugs (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae) as Affected by Host- Parasitoid Association and Superparasitism. Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic. Ser. II 33(3):385-395.
  • Cabaleiro, C., and A. Segura, 1997. Field Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll Associated Virus 3 (Glrav-3) by The Mealybug Planococcus citri. Plant Dis. 81:283-287.
  • Daane,K.M., R.D. Malakar-Kuenen and V.M. Walton, 2004. Temperature-Dependent Development of Anagyrus Pseudococci (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Parasitid of The Vine Mealybug Planococcus ficus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Biological Control 31: 123-132.
  • Düzgüneş, Z. 1982. Türkiye’de Bulunan Pseudococcidae (Homoptera:Coccoidea) Türleri Üzerinde İncelemeler. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 836, Ankara.
  • Golino D. A., S.T. Sim, R. Gill and A. Rowhani, 2002. California Mealybugs Can Spread Grapevine Leafroll Disease. California Agriculture, 56(6): 196-201.
  • Gill, R., 1994. Vine mealybug. California Plant Pest and Disease Report, January–June, 8. California Department of Food and agriculture, Sacramento, CA.
  • Godfrey, K.E., K.M. Daane, W.J. Bentley, R.J. Gill and R.Malakar- Kuenen, 2002. Mealybugs in California vineyards. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 21612, Oakland, CA
  • Islam, K.S., H.A.S. Perera and M.J.W. Copland. 1997. The Effects Of Parasitism By An Encyrtid Parasitoid, Anagyrus Pseudococci on The Survival, Reproduction and Physiological Changes of the Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso). Entomol. Experi. Et Appli. 34: 77-83.
  • Malakar-Kuenen R., K. Daane, W. Bentley, G. Yokota, and L. Martin, 2001. Population Dynamics of Vine Mealybug and its Natural Enemies in The Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys. UC Plant protection quarterly 11:1-4.
  • Meyer, J. S., C. G. Ingersoll, L. L. McDonald and M. S. Boyce, 1986. Estimating Uncertainty in Population Growth Rates: Jackknife vs. Bootstrap Techniques. Ecology 67, 1156- 1166.
  • Moore, D. 1988. Agents Used For Biological Control Of Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Biocontrol News and İnformation 9: 209-225.
  • Niyazau, O.P., 1967. Anagyrus pseudococci (Gir.) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Parasitid of the Mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso). Rev.of App. Ent. Series 61,4.
  • Noyes, J.S. and M. Hayat, 1994. Oriental Mealybug Parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International—Natural History Museum, London University Press, Cambridge. 184–190.
  • Persad, A. and A. Khan, 2002. Comparison of Life Table Parameters for Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Anagyrus kamali, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus coccivora. Biocontrol 47: 137-149.
  • Rosen, D. and Y. Rössler, 1966. Studies on an İsrael Strain of Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Entomophaga, II (3): 269-277.
  • Salt, G., 1963 The Defence Reactions of Insects to Metazdan Parasites. Parasitology 53, 527-642.
  • Saqarra, L.A., C. Peterkin, C. Vincent, and R.K. Stewart, 2000. Immune Response of Hibiscus Mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsitus Green (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to Oviposition of the Parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae). Journal of Insect Physicology 4: 647-653.
  • Souissi, R. and B. Le Rü, 1997. Comparative Life Table statistics of Apoanagyrus lopezi reared on The Cassava Mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Fed on Four Host Plants. Ent. Exper. Et Appli. 36: 113-119.
  • Southwood T.R.E. 1978. Ecological Methods. Chapman and Hall, New York.
  • Summy, K. R., V.J. French and V. G. Hart. 1986. Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Homoptera: Pseudococci), on Greenhouse Citrus. Density Dependent Regulation by an Encyrtid Parasitoid Complex. Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 891-895.
  • Sun, J., G.L DeBarr, C.W Berisford,.and M.E. Schauff, 1998. Description of a new primary parasitoid, Zarhopalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of Oracella acuta (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). The Canadian Entomologist 130: 793-797.
  • Telli, S. ve A. Yiğit, 2004. Leptomastix dactylopii(How.) ve Anagyrus pseudococci(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae).’nin Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri ve Turunçgil Unlubiti Planococcus citri Risso (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)’yi Parazitleme Güçleri. Türkiye I. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 8-10 Eylül 2004, Samsun.
  • Tingle, C.C.D. and M.J.W. Copland, 1988. Predicting Development of The Mealybug parasitoids Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastidea abnormis Under Glasshouse Conditions. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 46: 19-28.
  • Tingle, C.C.D. and M.J.W Copland, 1989. Progeny Production And Adult Longevity Of The Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastidea abnormis (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Relation to Temperature. Entomophaga 34(2): 11-120.
  • Türkyılmaz, N. ve K. Çiftçi. 1991-1992. Turunçgil unlubiti Planococcus citri parazitoiti Anagyrus pseudococci‘ nin Kitle Üretimi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı No:26-27, 52.
  • Uygun, N. 2001. Türkiye Turunçgil Bahçelerinde Entegre Mücadele, Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırma Projesi Yayınları, Adana.
  • Van Driesche, R.G., A. Bellotti, C.J. Herrera and J.A. Castillo, 1986. Encapsulation Rates of Two Encyrtid Parasitoids by Two Phenacoccus Spp. of Cassava Mealybugs in Colombia. Entomol. exp. appl. 42: 79-82
  • Williams, D. J. and W. G. Watson, 1988. The Scale insects of the Tropical and South Pacific Region, Part 2. The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). C.A.B. İnternational, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
  • Yiğit, A., R. Canhilal, ve K. Zaman,.1994. Turunçgil unlubiti, Planococcus citri (Risso)’nin Bazı Doğal Düşmanlarının Depolanabilme İmkanları. Türkiye 3. Biyolojik Mücadele Kongresi Bildiriler: 25-28 Ocak 1994, İzmir.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sevilay Çalışır This is me

A. Neşet Kılınçer This is me

M. Bora Kaydan This is me

Selma Ülgentürk This is me

Publication Date November 1, 2005
Submission Date November 1, 2005
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 11 Issue: 04

Cite

APA Çalışır, S., Kılınçer, A. N., Kaydan, M. B., Ülgentürk, S. (2005). Anagyrus pseudococci Girault Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae ’nin Farklı Yaştaki Planococcus citri Risso Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Üzerindeki Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(04), 434-441. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000569

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