Ti-6Al-4V alaşımlı yüzeyler üzerindeki kalsiyum fosfat kaplamaların laktik asit - sodyum laktat tamponlu sentetik vücut sıvısı kullanarak in vivo incelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yumuşak dokunun kemiğe tespitinde kullanılan biyomimetik olarak kalsiyum fosfat (CaP) kaplı Ti-6Al-4V ankorlarının dayanıklılıklarını ve biyomekanik özelliklerini bir hayvan modeli üzerinde değerlendirmekti. Çalışma planı: Çalışmaya alınan 14 adet erişkin Yeni Zelanda beyaz tavşanı eşit olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Test grubunda CaP kaplı Ti-6Al-4V ankorlar test edilirken, Ti-6Al-4V implantlar kontrol grubu olarak değerlendirildi. Kalsiyum fosfat kaplamalarını, Ca2+ ve PO43- iyonları, sodyum laktat ve laktik asit (HL) ihtiva eden Lac-SBF içerisinde biyomimetik gelişim yoluyla sentezlemek için yeni bir yaklaşım uygulandı. Titanyum ankorlar, biyomekanik çekme testlerinin öncesinde, sağ kaval kemiğine yerleştirildi. Ankorların (kemik-implant yüzeyi) çıkarılmasından sonra histolojik araştırmalar gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Kalsiyum fosfat kaplı Ti-6Al-4V ankorların çekme mukavemeti (p=0.003) ve uzanım değerleri (p=0.004) Ti-6Al-4V ankorlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti. Çekme testlerinde kontrol grubunun skorlarının test grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (sırasıyla, 14 ve 9). Çıkarımlar: Yeni CaP kaplama, ortopedik cerrahide kemiğin vücut içinde büyümesini geliştirecek bir katalizör olarak kullanılabilir. Çalışmamızın, Ti-6Al-4V yüzeylerdeki biyomimetik kaplamalar ile ilgili gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için bir model oluşturacağına inanıyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ankor; biyomimetik metot; kalsiyum fosfat; in vivo; laktik asit

In vivo investigation of calcium phosphate coatings on Ti6-Al-4V alloy substrates using lactic acid - sodium lactate buffered synthetic body fluid

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mode of failure and biomechanical characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V anchors biomimetically coated with calcium phosphate (CaP) for soft tissue fixation to bone in an animal model.
Methods: The current study included 14 adult New Zealand white rabbits equally divided into two groups. Calcium phosphate-coated Ti-6Al-4V anchors were used in the test group and non coated Ti6Al-4V anchors in the control group. A new approach was applied to synthesize the CaP coatings via the biomimetic growth in the Lac-SBF containing Ca2+ and PO4 3- ions, Na-lactate and lactic acid (HL). Titanium anchors were implanted into the right tibia, followed by biomechanical tensile strength tests. Histological studies were carried out after removal of anchors (bone-implant surface).
Results: The CaP-coated Ti-6Al-4V anchors had significantly higher tensile strength (p=0.003) and displacement values (p=0.004) than the non-coated anchors. Control group scores were higher than those of the test group (14 and 9, respectively) in tensile strength tests.
Conclusion: The new CaP coating can be used in orthopedic surgery as catalyzer to improve bone ingrowth. We believe that our research will form a model for further research on biomimetic coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates. 

Keywords

• Anchor
• biomimetic method
• calcium phosphate
• in vivo
• lactic acid

References

1. Demirhan M, Kilicoglu O, Akpinar S, Akman S, Atalar AC, Göksan MA. Time-dependent reduction in load to failure of wedge-type polyglyconate suture anchors. Arthroscopy 2000; 16:383-90.
2. Abboud JA, Bozentka DJ, Soslowsky LJ, Beredjiklian PK. Effect of implant design on the cyclic loading properties of mini suture anchors in carpal bones. J Hand Surg Am 2002; 27:43Ducheyne P, Healy KE. The effect of plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate ceramic coatings on the metal ion release from porous titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res 1988;22:1137-63.
3. Hemmerle J, Oncag A, Erturk S, Ultrastructural features of the bone response to plasma sprayed in sheep. J Biomed Mater Res 1997;36:418-25.
4. Liang F, Zhou L, Wang K. Apatite formation on porous titanium by alkali and heat-treatment. Surf Coat Tech 2003; 165:133-9.
5. You C, Yeo IS, Kim MD, Eom TK. Characterization and in vivo evaluation of calcium phosphate coated cp-titanium by dip-spin method. Curr Appl Phys 2005;5:501-6.
6. Kilpadi KL, Chang PL, Bellis SL. Hydroxylapatite binds more serum proteins, purified integrins, and osteoblast precursor cells than titanium or steel. J Biomed Mater Res 2001; 57:258-67.
7. Fujita Y, Yamamuro T, Nakamura T, Kitsugi T, Kotani S, Ohtsuki C, et al. Mechanisms and strength of bonding between two bioactive ceramics in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 2004;26: 1311Schwartz C, Liss P, Jacquemaire B, Lecestre P, Frayssinet P. Biphasic synthetic bone substitute use in orthopaedic and trauma surgery: clinical, radiological and histological results. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1999;10:821-5.
8. De Groot K. Clinical applications of calcium phosphate biomaterials: a review. Ceram Int 1993;19:363-6.

9. Pub. No: (WO/2009/145741) Calcium phosphate coating of Ti 6Al-4V by a Na-lactate and lactic acid-buffered body fluid solution. International Application No: PCT/TR2009/000052. Applicants: Pasinli A, Yuksel M, Havitcioglu H, Tas AC, Aksoy RS, Celik E, Yildiz H, Toparli M, Canatan A, Sener S.
10. Pasinli A, Yuksel M, Celik E, Sener S, Tas AC. A new approach in biomimetic synthesis of calcium phosphate coatings using lactic acid-Na lactate buffered body fluid solution. Acta Biomater 2010;6:2282-8.
11. DeLeve LD, McCuskey RS, Wang X, Hu L, McCuskey MK, Epstein RB, et al. Characterization of a reproducible rat model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Hepatology 1999; 29:1779-91.
12. Zhu H, Chu Y, Huo J, Chen Z, Yang L. Effect of prednisone on transforming growth factorβ1, connective tissue growth factor, nuclear factorκBp65 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in a murine model of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by Gynura segetum. Hepatol Res 2011;41:795-803.
13. Giles JT 3rd, Coker D, Rochat MC, Payton ME, Subramarian V, Bartels KE. Biomechanical analysis of suture anchors and suture materials in the canine femur. Vet Surg 2008;37:12-21.
14. Papp DF, Skelley NW, Sutter EG, Ji JH, Wierks CH, Belkoff SM, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of open suture anchor fixation versus interference screw for biceps tenodesis. Orthopedics 2011;34:275-8.
15. Meyer DC, Nyffeler RW, Fucentese SF, Gerber C. Failure of suture material at suture anchor eyelets. Arthroscopy 2002; 18:1013-9.
16. Barber FA, Herbert MA, Click JN. Internal fixation strength of suture anchors – update 1997. Arthroscopy 1997;13:355
17. Carpenter JE, Fish DN, Huston LJ, Goldstein SA. Pull-out strength of five suture anchors. Arthroscopy 1993;9:109-13.
18. Gerber C, Schneeberger AG, Perren SM, Nyffeler RW. Experimental rotator cuff repair. A preliminary study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1281-90.
19. Meyer DC, Fucentese SF, Ruffieux K, Jacob HA, Gerber C. Mechanical testing of absorbable suture anchors. Arthroscopy 2003;19:188-93.
20. Giles JT 3rd. Biomechanical analysis of suture anchors and suture materials in a canine femur model. Oklahoma State University, Master of Science. May, 2007.
21. Tingart MJ, Apreleva M, Zurakowski D, Warner JJ. Pullout strength of suture anchors used in rotator cuff repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85-A:2190-8.
22. Tingart MJ, Aprelva M, Lehtinen J, Zurakowski D, Warner JJ. Anchor design and bone mineral density affect the pullout strength of suture anchors in rotator cuff repair: which anchors are best to use in patients with low bone quality? Am J Sports Med 2004;32:1466-73.
23. Wetzler MJ, Bartolozzi AR, Gillespie MJ, Roth CA, Ciccotti MG, Snyder-Mackler L, et al. Fatigue properties of suture anchors in anterior shoulder reconstructions: Mitek GII. Arthroscopy 1996;12:687-93.
24. Rupp S, Georg T, Gauss C, Kohn D, Seil R. Fatigue testing of suture anchors. Am J Sports Med 2002;30:239-47.
25. Bardana DD, Burks RT, West JR, Greis PE. The effect of suture anchor design and orientation on suture abrasion: an in vitro study. Arthroscopy 2003;19:274-81.
26. Nijhuis AW, Leeuwenburgh SC, Jansen JA. Wet-chemical deposition of functional coatings for bone implantology. Macromol Biosci 2010;11:1316-29.
27. Barros RM, Matos MA, Ferreira Neto AA, Benegas E, Guarniero R, Pereira CA, et al. Biomechanical evaluation on tendon reinsertion by comparing trans-osseous suture and suture anchor at different stages of healing: experimental study on rabbits. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:878-83.
28. Bottoni CR, Brooks DE, DeBerardino TM, Owens BD, Judson KL, Eggers JS, et al. A comparison of bioabsorbable and metallic suture anchors in a dynamically loaded, intraarticular caprine model. Orthopedics 2008;31:1106.