Ahlaki Muhakeme ve Ahlaki Duygu Yüklemede Gelişimsel Dinamikler

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı 5 ve 9 yaşındaki çocukların ahlaki muhakeme ve ahlaki duygu yükleme becerilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla 71 çocukla (Ortyaş= 7.14, SSyaş=2.01) ev ortamında çevrimiçi görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerde çocuklara ahlaki kural ihlallerinin olduğu iki farklı hikaye (çikolata çalma ve şeker paylaşmama) sunulmuştur. Çocukların ahlaki muhakeme ve ahlaki duygu yükleme becerileri hikayelerle bağlantılı olarak hazırlanan sorular aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. Veri analizinde SPSS 21.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, araştırmaya katılan çocukların büyük çoğunluğunun ahlaki kural ihlallerini yanlış olarak değerlendirdiği (çikolata çalma: %97, n=69; paylaşmama: %90, n=64) göstermiştir. Kural ihlaline ilişkin çocukların değerlendirmeleri yaşa bağlı olarak farklılaşmazken cinsiyete bağlı olarak farklılaşmıştır. Çocuklar kural ihlallerini ağırlıklı olarak ahlaki muhakeme kategorisi ile açıklamışlardır. Son olarak, çocukların ahlaki duygu yükleme becerileri yaşa ve cinsiyete bağlı olarak farklılaşmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları ahlak gelişimindeki gelişimsel farklılıklara dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ahlaki Muhakeme
• Ahlaki Duygu Yükleme
• Ahlaki Kural İhlali
• Erken ve Orta Çocukluk

Developmental Dynamics in Moral Reasoning and Moral Emotion Attribution

Abstract

This study examines the moral reasoning and moral emotion attribution abilities of 5- and 9-year-old children. Online home-based interviews were conducted with 71 children (Mage = 7.14, SDage = 2.01). During the interviews, children were presented with two stories involving moral rule violations (stealing chocolate and not sharing candy), and their responses were assessed through related questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Findings revealed that most children judged the violations as wrong (stealing chocolate: 97%, n = 69; not sharing: 90%, n = 64). While evaluations did not differ by age, they varied by gender. Children mainly justified violations using moral reasoning. Moral emotion attribution also differed by age and gender. Overall, the results highlight developmental differences in children’s moral understanding.

Keywords

• Moral Reasoning
• Moral Emotion Attribution
• Moral Violation
• Early and Middle Childhood

Kaynakça

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