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TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 31.03.2021

Ferda Nakıpoğlu Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Bu çalışmada turizmin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi ve turizm göstergelerinin karbon emisyonu üzerindeki doğrusal etkilerinin yanı sıra olası parabolik etkilerinin de göz önünde bulundurularak Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezinin geçerliliğinin 22 OECD ülkesi için 1995-2014 gözlem aralığında sınanması amaçlanmıştır. İki farklı model kurularak ekonomik büyümenin ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların da çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri GMM analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, uluslararası turist sayısının karbon emisyonunu artırırken, turist sayısının karesinin çevresel kirliliği azalttığı ve EKC hipotezinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uluslararası turizm gelirleri değişkeninin katsayısının negatif, uluslararası turizm gelirlerinin karesinin ise pozitif işaretli olduğu dolayısıyla turizm gelirleri ile çevresel tahribat arasında U-şeklinde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki modelde ekonomik büyümenin çevresel tahribata yol açtığı ancak doğrudan yabancı yatırımların tek bir modelde çevresel kirliliğe neden olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Çevre Kirliliği Ekonomik Büyüme Turizm Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi

References

  • Apergis, N., ve Öztürk, I. (2015). Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Asian Countries. Ecological Indicators,52:16–22.
  • Arellano, M. ve Stephen B. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations, Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2): 277–297.
  • Arellano, M. (2003). Panel Data Econometrics. Oxford University Pres. New-York.
  • Azam, M., Alam, M. M., ve Hafeez, M. H. (2018). Effect of tourism on environmental pollution: Further evidence from Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Journal of cleaner production, 190, 330-338.
  • Baek, J., (2016), A New Look at the FDI-Income, Energy-Environment Nexus: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of ASEAN, Energy Policy 91, 22-27.
  • Bakhsh, K., Rose, S., Ali, M. F., Ahmad, N., ve Shahbaz, M. (2017). Economic growth, CO2 emissions, renewable waste and FDI relation in Pakistan: New evidences from 3SLS. Journal of environmental management, 196, 627-632.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Driha, O. M., ve Sinha, A. (2020). The dynamic effects of globalization process in analysing N-shaped tourism led growth hypothesis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 42-52.
  • Baltagi, B. (2001). Econometric analysis of panel data. John Wiley and Sons LTD, New York.
  • Becken, S., Frampton, C., ve Simmons, D. (2001). Energy consumption patterns in the accommodation sector—the New Zealand case. Ecological Economics, 39(3), 371–386.
  • Bernini, C. (2009). Convention industry and destination clusters: evidence from Italy. Tourism Management, 30(6), 878-889.
  • Bilen, M., Yilanci, V., ve Eryüzlü, H. (2017). Tourism development and economic growth: a panel Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), 27-32.
  • Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–6.
  • Capo, J., Font, A. R., ve Nadal, J. R. (2007). Dutch disease in tourism economies: Evidence from the Balearics and the Canary Islands. Journal of sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 615-627.
  • Chandran, V.G.R., ve Tang, C.F., (2013). The impacts of transport energy consumption, foreign direct investment and income on CO2 emissions in ASEAN-5 economies. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 24, 445–453.
  • Chishti, M. Z., Ullah, S., Ozturk, I., ve Usman, A. (2020). Examining the asymmetric effects of globalization and tourism on pollution emissions in South Asia. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 1-17.
  • Cole, M. A. (2004). Trade, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Examining the Linkages. Ecological Economics, Sayı:48(1): 71-81.
  • De Vita, G., Katircioglu, S., Altinay, L., Fethi, S., ve Mercan, M. (2015). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21), 16652-16663.
  • Dinda, S., ve Coondoo, D., (2006). Income and emission: a panel-data based cointegration analysis. Ecol. Econ. 57 (2), 167–181.
  • Do, T., ve Dinh, H. (2020). Short-and long-term effects of GDP, energy consumption, FDI, and trade openness on CO2 emissions. Accounting, 6(3), 365-372.
  • Dornick, J., ve Hendry, D. F. (2001). Econometric Modeling: Using PCGive 10: Volume III. Timberlake Consultants.
  • Esteve, V., ve Tamarit, C. (2012). Threshold Cointegration and Nonlinear Adjustment Between CO2 and Income: The Environmental Kuznets Curve in Spain, 1857- 2007. Energy Economics 34 (6): 2148-2156.
  • Eyuboglu, S., ve Eyuboglu, K. (2020). Tourism development and economic growth: an asymmetric panel causality test. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(6), 659-665.
  • Fayissa, B., Nsiah, C., ve Tadasse, B. (2008). Impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 807-818.
  • Gössling, S., ve Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900–2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper, No.3914, Washington.
  • Gündüz, L. ve Hatemi, A. (2005). Is the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Turkey, Applied Economics, 12(8): 499-504.
  • Hall, D. R. (1998). Tourism development and sustainability issues in Central and Southeastern Europe. Tourism Management, 19(5), 423-431
  • Karakaya, E., Bostan, A., ve Özçağ, M. (2019). Decomposition and decoupling analysis of energy-related carbon emissions in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(31), 32080-32091.
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2014). International tourism, energy consumption, and environmental pollution: The case of Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 180–187. Katircioglu, S., Saqib, N., Katircioglu, S., Kilinc, C. C., ve Gul, H. (2020). Estimating the effects of tourism growth on emission pollutants: empirical evidence from a small island, Cyprus. Air Quality, Atmosphere ve Health, 1-7.
  • Koçak, E., Ulucak, R., ve Ulucak, Z. Ş. (2020). The impact of tourism developments on CO2 emissions: An advanced panel data estimation. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100611.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. American Economic Review 45, Vol.45(1): 1-28.
  • Lean, H.H., ve Smyth, R., (2010). CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Appl. Energy 87 (6), 1858–1864.
  • Lee, J. W. (2013). The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions and economic growth. Energy Policy, 55, 483-489.
  • Lee, J. W., ve Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tourism Management, 38, 69–76.
  • Managi, S., ve Jena, P.R., (2008). Environmental productivity and Kuznets curve in India. Ecol. Econ. 65 (2), 432–440.
  • Murthy, K. V. ve Gambhır, S. (2018). Analyzing Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in India in the Context of Domestic and Global Policy Change. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 12(2): 134-156.
  • Narayan, P. K., Narayan, S., Prasad, A., ve Prasad, B. C. (2010). Tourism and economic growth: a panel data analysis for Pacific Island countries. Tourism economics, 16(1), 169-183.
  • Nasira, M., ve Rehman, F. U. (2011). Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Emissions in Pakistan: An Emprical Investigation. Energy Policy, Vol.39(3):1857-1864.
  • Naz, S., Sultan, R., Zaman, K., Aldakhil, A. M., Nassani, A. A., ve Abro, M. M. Q. (2019). Moderating and mediating role of renewable energy consumption, FDI inflows, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from robust least square estimator. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(3), 2806-2819.
  • OECD, (2020). OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2020 https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/6b47b985-en.pdf?expires=1590829639veid=idveaccname=guestvechecksum=DC5FCD7C211F3D0651E82C7E42D501C1. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020).
  • Onafowora, O. A., ve Owoye, O. (2014). Bounds Testing Approach to Analysis of the Environment Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Energy Economics,44:47–62.
  • Poudel, B. N., Paudel K. P., ve Bhattarai, K. (2009). Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol.41(1):13-27.
  • Rahman, H. U., Ghazali, A., Bhatti, G. A., ve Khan, S. U. (2020). Role of Economic Growth, Financial Development, Trade, Energy and FDI in Environmental Kuznets Curve for Lithuania: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. Engineering Economics, 31(1), 39-49.
  • Salahuddin, M., Alam, K., Ozturk, I., ve Sohag, K. (2018). The effects of electricity consumption, economic growth, financial development and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in Kuwait. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2002-2010.
  • Scott, D., Peeters, P., ve Gössling, S. (2010). Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse gas emission reduction targets? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 393–408. Sghaier, A., Guizani, A., Ben Jabeur, S., ve Nurunnabi, M. (2018). Tourism development, energy consumption and environmental quality in Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco: a trivariate analysis. GeoJournal, Wttc 2017, 1–17.
  • Shafik, N., ve Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence. World Development Report.
  • Sinclair, M. T. (1998). Tourism and economic development: A survey. The journal of development studies, 34(5), 1-51.
  • Stern, D. I., ve Common, M. S. (2001). Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sulfur?. Journal of Environmental Economics Management, Sayı:41: 162-178.
  • Suri, V., ve Chapman, D. (1998). Economic Growth, Trade and the Energy: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics (25): 195-208.
  • The World Tourism Organization – UNWTO, (2019) https://www.unwto.org/news/tourisms-carbon-emissions-measured-in-landmark-report-launched-at-cop25. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020).
  • The World Tourism Organization – UNWTO, (2020) https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020).
  • Yıldırım, M., Destek, M. A., ve Özsoy, F.N. (2017). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 99-111.
  • Zhang, Y. J. (2011). The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China. Energy policy, 39(4), 2197-2203.
  • Zhu, H., Duan, L., Guo, Y., ve Yu, K. (2016). The effects of FDI, economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ASEAN-5: evidence from panel quantile regression. Economic Modelling, 58, 237-248.

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 31.03.2021

Ferda Nakıpoğlu Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236
Cited By: 4

Abstract

References

  • Apergis, N., ve Öztürk, I. (2015). Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Asian Countries. Ecological Indicators,52:16–22.
  • Arellano, M. ve Stephen B. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations, Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2): 277–297.
  • Arellano, M. (2003). Panel Data Econometrics. Oxford University Pres. New-York.
  • Azam, M., Alam, M. M., ve Hafeez, M. H. (2018). Effect of tourism on environmental pollution: Further evidence from Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Journal of cleaner production, 190, 330-338.
  • Baek, J., (2016), A New Look at the FDI-Income, Energy-Environment Nexus: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of ASEAN, Energy Policy 91, 22-27.
  • Bakhsh, K., Rose, S., Ali, M. F., Ahmad, N., ve Shahbaz, M. (2017). Economic growth, CO2 emissions, renewable waste and FDI relation in Pakistan: New evidences from 3SLS. Journal of environmental management, 196, 627-632.
  • Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Driha, O. M., ve Sinha, A. (2020). The dynamic effects of globalization process in analysing N-shaped tourism led growth hypothesis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 42-52.
  • Baltagi, B. (2001). Econometric analysis of panel data. John Wiley and Sons LTD, New York.
  • Becken, S., Frampton, C., ve Simmons, D. (2001). Energy consumption patterns in the accommodation sector—the New Zealand case. Ecological Economics, 39(3), 371–386.
  • Bernini, C. (2009). Convention industry and destination clusters: evidence from Italy. Tourism Management, 30(6), 878-889.
  • Bilen, M., Yilanci, V., ve Eryüzlü, H. (2017). Tourism development and economic growth: a panel Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), 27-32.
  • Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–6.
  • Capo, J., Font, A. R., ve Nadal, J. R. (2007). Dutch disease in tourism economies: Evidence from the Balearics and the Canary Islands. Journal of sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 615-627.
  • Chandran, V.G.R., ve Tang, C.F., (2013). The impacts of transport energy consumption, foreign direct investment and income on CO2 emissions in ASEAN-5 economies. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 24, 445–453.
  • Chishti, M. Z., Ullah, S., Ozturk, I., ve Usman, A. (2020). Examining the asymmetric effects of globalization and tourism on pollution emissions in South Asia. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 1-17.
  • Cole, M. A. (2004). Trade, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Examining the Linkages. Ecological Economics, Sayı:48(1): 71-81.
  • De Vita, G., Katircioglu, S., Altinay, L., Fethi, S., ve Mercan, M. (2015). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21), 16652-16663.
  • Dinda, S., ve Coondoo, D., (2006). Income and emission: a panel-data based cointegration analysis. Ecol. Econ. 57 (2), 167–181.
  • Do, T., ve Dinh, H. (2020). Short-and long-term effects of GDP, energy consumption, FDI, and trade openness on CO2 emissions. Accounting, 6(3), 365-372.
  • Dornick, J., ve Hendry, D. F. (2001). Econometric Modeling: Using PCGive 10: Volume III. Timberlake Consultants.
  • Esteve, V., ve Tamarit, C. (2012). Threshold Cointegration and Nonlinear Adjustment Between CO2 and Income: The Environmental Kuznets Curve in Spain, 1857- 2007. Energy Economics 34 (6): 2148-2156.
  • Eyuboglu, S., ve Eyuboglu, K. (2020). Tourism development and economic growth: an asymmetric panel causality test. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(6), 659-665.
  • Fayissa, B., Nsiah, C., ve Tadasse, B. (2008). Impact of tourism on economic growth and development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 807-818.
  • Gössling, S., ve Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900–2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper, No.3914, Washington.
  • Gündüz, L. ve Hatemi, A. (2005). Is the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Turkey, Applied Economics, 12(8): 499-504.
  • Hall, D. R. (1998). Tourism development and sustainability issues in Central and Southeastern Europe. Tourism Management, 19(5), 423-431
  • Karakaya, E., Bostan, A., ve Özçağ, M. (2019). Decomposition and decoupling analysis of energy-related carbon emissions in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(31), 32080-32091.
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2014). International tourism, energy consumption, and environmental pollution: The case of Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 180–187. Katircioglu, S., Saqib, N., Katircioglu, S., Kilinc, C. C., ve Gul, H. (2020). Estimating the effects of tourism growth on emission pollutants: empirical evidence from a small island, Cyprus. Air Quality, Atmosphere ve Health, 1-7.
  • Koçak, E., Ulucak, R., ve Ulucak, Z. Ş. (2020). The impact of tourism developments on CO2 emissions: An advanced panel data estimation. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100611.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. American Economic Review 45, Vol.45(1): 1-28.
  • Lean, H.H., ve Smyth, R., (2010). CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Appl. Energy 87 (6), 1858–1864.
  • Lee, J. W. (2013). The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions and economic growth. Energy Policy, 55, 483-489.
  • Lee, J. W., ve Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tourism Management, 38, 69–76.
  • Managi, S., ve Jena, P.R., (2008). Environmental productivity and Kuznets curve in India. Ecol. Econ. 65 (2), 432–440.
  • Murthy, K. V. ve Gambhır, S. (2018). Analyzing Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis in India in the Context of Domestic and Global Policy Change. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 12(2): 134-156.
  • Narayan, P. K., Narayan, S., Prasad, A., ve Prasad, B. C. (2010). Tourism and economic growth: a panel data analysis for Pacific Island countries. Tourism economics, 16(1), 169-183.
  • Nasira, M., ve Rehman, F. U. (2011). Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Emissions in Pakistan: An Emprical Investigation. Energy Policy, Vol.39(3):1857-1864.
  • Naz, S., Sultan, R., Zaman, K., Aldakhil, A. M., Nassani, A. A., ve Abro, M. M. Q. (2019). Moderating and mediating role of renewable energy consumption, FDI inflows, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from robust least square estimator. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(3), 2806-2819.
  • OECD, (2020). OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2020 https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/6b47b985-en.pdf?expires=1590829639veid=idveaccname=guestvechecksum=DC5FCD7C211F3D0651E82C7E42D501C1. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020).
  • Onafowora, O. A., ve Owoye, O. (2014). Bounds Testing Approach to Analysis of the Environment Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Energy Economics,44:47–62.
  • Poudel, B. N., Paudel K. P., ve Bhattarai, K. (2009). Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Vol.41(1):13-27.
  • Rahman, H. U., Ghazali, A., Bhatti, G. A., ve Khan, S. U. (2020). Role of Economic Growth, Financial Development, Trade, Energy and FDI in Environmental Kuznets Curve for Lithuania: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. Engineering Economics, 31(1), 39-49.
  • Salahuddin, M., Alam, K., Ozturk, I., ve Sohag, K. (2018). The effects of electricity consumption, economic growth, financial development and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in Kuwait. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2002-2010.
  • Scott, D., Peeters, P., ve Gössling, S. (2010). Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse gas emission reduction targets? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 393–408. Sghaier, A., Guizani, A., Ben Jabeur, S., ve Nurunnabi, M. (2018). Tourism development, energy consumption and environmental quality in Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco: a trivariate analysis. GeoJournal, Wttc 2017, 1–17.
  • Shafik, N., ve Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence. World Development Report.
  • Sinclair, M. T. (1998). Tourism and economic development: A survey. The journal of development studies, 34(5), 1-51.
  • Stern, D. I., ve Common, M. S. (2001). Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sulfur?. Journal of Environmental Economics Management, Sayı:41: 162-178.
  • Suri, V., ve Chapman, D. (1998). Economic Growth, Trade and the Energy: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics (25): 195-208.
  • The World Tourism Organization – UNWTO, (2019) https://www.unwto.org/news/tourisms-carbon-emissions-measured-in-landmark-report-launched-at-cop25. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020).
  • The World Tourism Organization – UNWTO, (2020) https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2020).
  • Yıldırım, M., Destek, M. A., ve Özsoy, F.N. (2017). Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 99-111.
  • Zhang, Y. J. (2011). The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: An empirical analysis in China. Energy policy, 39(4), 2197-2203.
  • Zhu, H., Duan, L., Guo, Y., ve Yu, K. (2016). The effects of FDI, economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ASEAN-5: evidence from panel quantile regression. Economic Modelling, 58, 237-248.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ferda Nakıpoğlu Özsoy This is me

Publication Date March 31, 2021
Submission Date June 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Nakıpoğlu Özsoy, F. (2021). TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236
AMA Nakıpoğlu Özsoy F. TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ. ASBİ. March 2021;21(1):1-19. doi:10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236
Chicago Nakıpoğlu Özsoy, Ferda. “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21, no. 1 (March 2021): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236.
EndNote Nakıpoğlu Özsoy F (March 1, 2021) TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21 1 1–19.
IEEE F. Nakıpoğlu Özsoy, “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ”, ASBİ, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2021, doi: 10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236.
ISNAD Nakıpoğlu Özsoy, Ferda. “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21/1 (March 2021), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236.
JAMA Nakıpoğlu Özsoy F. TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ. ASBİ. 2021;21:1–19.
MLA Nakıpoğlu Özsoy, Ferda. “TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1-19, doi:10.11616/basbed.v21i60671.750236.
Vancouver Nakıpoğlu Özsoy F. TURİZM SEKTÖRÜ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNCELENMESİ. ASBİ. 2021;21(1):1-19.

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