3-5 Yaş Arası Çocukların Risk Alma Davranışlarında Anne Teşviğinin Etkisi

Abstract

Risk alma davranışı, kazanç ve kayıp ihtimallerini içinde barındıran durumlar arasında tercih yapmayı içerir. Araştırmalar bilişsel beceriler, cinsiyet ve sosyalleşme süreçleri gibi çeşitli faktörlerin çocuklarda risk alma davranışını etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu araştırmada da annelerin riske teşvik edici sözleri ve risk almama yönündeki telkinlerinin çocuklarının risk alma davranışları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda gruplar arası deneysel desene sahip olan bu araştırmada risk alması yönünde açıklama yapılan ve risk almaması yönünde açıklama yapılan şeklinde iki deney grubu ve annenin ortamda bulunmadığı kontrol grubu olmak üzere üç koşul oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmaya okul öncesi eğitim alan, yaşları üç ile beş arasında değişen 57 kız, 57 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 114 katılımcı dâhil edilmiştir. Uygulamalar Ekim 2024 ile Mart 2025 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocukların risk alma davranışlarını değerlendirmek üzere kazanç ve kayıp denemelerinin yer aldığı bir risk alma görevi uygulanmıştır. Varyans analizi sonucunda anneleri tarafından risk almaya teşvik edilen çocuklar ile anneleri tarafından riske teşvik edilmeyen çocukların risk alma davranışları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu bulunmuştur. Deney ve kontrol grupları arasındaki farklar incelendiğinde, anneleri tarafından riske teşvik edilen deney grubundaki çocukların diğer gruplardaki çocuklara kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha fazla risk aldıkları görülmüştür. Anneleri tarafından riske teşvik edilmeyen ve annenin ortamda bulunmadığı kontrol grubundaki çocukların risk alma davranışlarında ise anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Yine sonuçlara göre, risk alma davranışlarında kız ve erkek çocukları arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmemiştir. Bulgular çocukların risk alma davranışında etkisi olabilecek faktörler üzerinden sınırlılık ve önerilerle birlikte tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Ebeveynlik
• okul öncesi dönem
• risk
• risk alma davranışı

The Effect of Mother’s Encouragement in Risk-Taking Behaviors of 3 to 5 Year-Old Children

Abstract

Risk-taking behavior involves making choices between situations that entail potential gains and losses. Research indicates that various factors such as cognitive abilities, gender, and socialization processes influence children's risk-taking behavior. This study aimed to examine the impact of mother’s encouragement or discouragement of risk-taking on children’s risk-taking behaviors. Accordingly, a between-subjects experimental design was used, comprising three conditions: a risk-encouraging experimental group, a risk-discouraging experimental group, and a control group in which the mother was absent from the environment. A total of 114 participants, 57 girls and 57 boys, receiving pre-school education and aged between 3-to 5-years, were included in the study. The applications were carried out between October 2024-March 2025. A risk-taking task involving gain and loss trials was administered to assess children’s risk-taking behavior. The ANOVA results indicated a significant difference in risk-taking behavior between children encouraged to take risks by their mothers and those discouraged from doing so. When the differences between the experimental and control groups were examined, analyses revealed that children in the experimental group who were encouraged to take risks by their mothers were found to take significantly more risks than children in the other groups. No significant difference was found between the risk-discouraging group and the control group. According to the results, there were no significant difference in risk-taking behaviors of girls and boys. The findings are discussed along with limitations and suggestions regarding factors that may have an impact on children's risk-taking behavior.

Keywords

• Parenting
• preschool period
• risk
• risk-taking behavior

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