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Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 533 - 553, 31.07.2021

Abstract

References

  • Alimov, R. The Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Counteracting Threats to Peace and Security, United Nations, 2020, https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/role-shanghai-cooperation-organization-counteracting-threats-peace-and-security, (17.02.2021).
  • Aris, Stephen. ‘‘Shanghai Cooperation Organization’’, International Peace Institute, December 2013, pp. 1-13.
  • Aris, Stephen. ‘‘The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: ‘Tackling the Three Evils’. A Regional Response to Nontraditional Security Challenges or an Anti Western Bloc?’’, Europe Asia Studies, 2009, pp. 457-482.
  • Bailes, Alyson and Pal Dunay. “The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as a Regional Security Institution,” in The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, edited byAlyson Bailes, Pál Dunay, Pan Guang, and Mikhail Troitskii (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Policy Paper No. 17, 2007.
  • Boland, Julie. “Ten Years of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A Lost Decade? A Partner for the US?,” 21st Century Defense Initiative Policy Paper, June 20, 2011.
  • Brzezinski, Zbignew K. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives (New York: Basic Books, 1997), Ch. 2; H. Malik, ed, Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects (London: Macmillan, 1994).
  • “China to Provide 10-Billion-dollar loan to SCo Members,” Xinhua, June 16, 2009, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/16/content_11552439.htm, (14.01.2016).
  • European Parliament, ‘‘China's leading role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’’, Briefing, June 2015, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/564367/EPRS_BRI(2015)564367_EN.pdf, (20.01.2016).
  • Gao Fei, ‘‘The Shangai Cooperation Organization and China’s New Diplomacy, Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael’’, 2010.
  • For figures on oil and natural gas see US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, World Proved Crude Oil Reserves, 1 Jan. 1980–1 Jan. 2006 Estimates, URL <http://www.eia.doc.gov/pub/international/iealf/cruideoilreserves.xls>, and World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, 1 Jan. 2005, URL <http://www.eia.dc.gov/pub/international/iea2004/tble81.xls>; and for population data see Turner, B. (ed.), The Statesman’s Yearbook 2007 (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2006).
  • Haas, Marcel de and Frans-Paul van der Putten. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Towards a Full-Grown Security Alliance?, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, Den Haag, 2007.
  • Hu, Feng-Yung. ‘‘The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Prospects and Problems in Russia-China Relations’’, Journalism and Mass Communication, February 2013, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 101-113.
  • Ünaldılar Kocamaz, Sinem, “The Rise of New Powers in World Politics: Russia, China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”, Uluslararasi Iliskiler, Vol. 16, No. 61, 2019, pp. 127-141,
  • Laruelle, Marlene and Sebastien Peyrouse. The “Chinese Question” in Central Asia: Domestic Order, Social Changes, and the Chinese Factor (London: Hurst and Company, 2012).
  • Rozanov, Anatoliy A. (Ed.). The Shangai Cooperation Organisation and Central Asia’s Security Challenges, DCAF Regional Programmes, Almaty- Minsk- Geneva, 2013. ‘‘Russia uncertain over prospects of SCO bank’’, Global Times, 16.09.2013, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/811845.shtml, (21.01.2016).
  • Sharpe, Samuel. “An ASEAN Way to Security Cooperation in Southeast Asia?,” The Pacific Review 16, No. 2, 2003, pp. 231–250.
  • Song, Weiqing. ‘‘Interests, Power and China's Difficult Game in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)’’, Journal of Contemporary China, 27.06.2013, pp. 85-101. ‘‘Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü 8'li yapıya dönüşüyor’’, Sabah, 10.7.2015, http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2015/07/10/sanghay-isbirligi-orgutu-8li-yapiya-donusuyor, (16.10.2016).
  • The Shangai Cooperation Organisation Official Website, http://www.sectsco.org/EN123/, (15.01.2016).
  • Wacker, G. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – Regional Security and Economic Advancement, website Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 20 August 2004, http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/37/1/year-2004/dokument_id-5210/index_print.html, (10.01.2016).
  • Weitz, R. ‘‘Shanghai summit fails to yield NATO-style defence agreement’’, Jane’s Intelligence Review, August 2006. Yun, Yeongmi and Kicheol Park. ‘‘An Analysis of the Multilateral Cooperation and Competition between Russia and China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Issues and Prospects’’, Pacific Focus Inha Journal of International Studies, Vol. XXVII, No. 1, 2012, pp. 62-85.

İKİLİ ANLAŞMADAN BÖLGESEL İŞBİRLİĞİNE: ŞANGAY İŞBİRLİĞİ ÖRGÜTÜ

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 533 - 553, 31.07.2021

Abstract

Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinden sonra Rusya ve Çin’in aralarındaki sınır sorunlarını çözmek için imzaladıkları ikili sınır güvenliği anlaşmaları kısa bir zaman içerisinde eski Sovyetler Birliği ülkeleri dört Türki cumhuriyetin de katılımı ile Avrasya’da bölgesel sınır güvenliğini amaçlayan hükümetlerarası bir yapıya bürünmüştür. İlk olarak 1996 yılında beş ülke tarafından sınır bölgelerinde askeri güvenliğin tesisini amaçlayan işbirliği anlaşmasının imzalanmasıyla Şangay Beşlisi kurulmuştur. Örgütsel vizyon ve misyonu içeren hükümetler arası hukuki yapı ise Rusya ve Çin’in öncülüğünde Kazakistan, Kırgızistan ve Tacikistan’dan oluşan beşli işbirliğine Özbekistan’ın katılımı sonrası Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü’nün 2001 yılında kuruluşuyla gerçekleşmiştir. Üyelerin egemenliklerine saygıyı ve sınır hatları başta olmak üzere bölgesel terörizme karşı ortak mücadele edilmesini temel amaç edinmiştir. Örgüt politikaları üyelerin konsensus içeren uyumu ve bölgesel düzeyde ortak siyasetini oluşturan Şangay Ruhu çerçevesinde belirlenmektedir. Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü günümüzde ABD önderliğindeki Batı dünyasına karşı denge politikası oluşturma potansiyeli taşımakta bununla birlikte Rusya ve Çin arasında bölgesel denge mekanizması oluşturmaktadır. Örgüte son olarak 2017 yılında Hindistan ve Pakistan’ın katılımı ile nüfus, coğrafya ve ekonomi açısından örgüt daha güçlü bir yapıya kavuşmuştur. Hindistan ve Pakistan’ın üyeliği iki ülke arasında kolonyal dönem sonrasından günümüze kadar gelen tarihi bölgesel sorunların çözülmesi açısından ortak bir platformda bir araya gelinmesini sağlamıştır. Bölgesel ve küresel dengeleri dönüştürücü potansiyel güce sahip olan örgüt, üyelerin güvenliğinin ve ekonomisinin geliştirilmesi hedeflerine sahiptir.

References

  • Alimov, R. The Role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Counteracting Threats to Peace and Security, United Nations, 2020, https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/role-shanghai-cooperation-organization-counteracting-threats-peace-and-security, (17.02.2021).
  • Aris, Stephen. ‘‘Shanghai Cooperation Organization’’, International Peace Institute, December 2013, pp. 1-13.
  • Aris, Stephen. ‘‘The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: ‘Tackling the Three Evils’. A Regional Response to Nontraditional Security Challenges or an Anti Western Bloc?’’, Europe Asia Studies, 2009, pp. 457-482.
  • Bailes, Alyson and Pal Dunay. “The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as a Regional Security Institution,” in The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, edited byAlyson Bailes, Pál Dunay, Pan Guang, and Mikhail Troitskii (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Policy Paper No. 17, 2007.
  • Boland, Julie. “Ten Years of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A Lost Decade? A Partner for the US?,” 21st Century Defense Initiative Policy Paper, June 20, 2011.
  • Brzezinski, Zbignew K. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives (New York: Basic Books, 1997), Ch. 2; H. Malik, ed, Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects (London: Macmillan, 1994).
  • “China to Provide 10-Billion-dollar loan to SCo Members,” Xinhua, June 16, 2009, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/16/content_11552439.htm, (14.01.2016).
  • European Parliament, ‘‘China's leading role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’’, Briefing, June 2015, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/564367/EPRS_BRI(2015)564367_EN.pdf, (20.01.2016).
  • Gao Fei, ‘‘The Shangai Cooperation Organization and China’s New Diplomacy, Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael’’, 2010.
  • For figures on oil and natural gas see US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, World Proved Crude Oil Reserves, 1 Jan. 1980–1 Jan. 2006 Estimates, URL <http://www.eia.doc.gov/pub/international/iealf/cruideoilreserves.xls>, and World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves, 1 Jan. 2005, URL <http://www.eia.dc.gov/pub/international/iea2004/tble81.xls>; and for population data see Turner, B. (ed.), The Statesman’s Yearbook 2007 (Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2006).
  • Haas, Marcel de and Frans-Paul van der Putten. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Towards a Full-Grown Security Alliance?, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, Den Haag, 2007.
  • Hu, Feng-Yung. ‘‘The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Prospects and Problems in Russia-China Relations’’, Journalism and Mass Communication, February 2013, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 101-113.
  • Ünaldılar Kocamaz, Sinem, “The Rise of New Powers in World Politics: Russia, China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”, Uluslararasi Iliskiler, Vol. 16, No. 61, 2019, pp. 127-141,
  • Laruelle, Marlene and Sebastien Peyrouse. The “Chinese Question” in Central Asia: Domestic Order, Social Changes, and the Chinese Factor (London: Hurst and Company, 2012).
  • Rozanov, Anatoliy A. (Ed.). The Shangai Cooperation Organisation and Central Asia’s Security Challenges, DCAF Regional Programmes, Almaty- Minsk- Geneva, 2013. ‘‘Russia uncertain over prospects of SCO bank’’, Global Times, 16.09.2013, http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/811845.shtml, (21.01.2016).
  • Sharpe, Samuel. “An ASEAN Way to Security Cooperation in Southeast Asia?,” The Pacific Review 16, No. 2, 2003, pp. 231–250.
  • Song, Weiqing. ‘‘Interests, Power and China's Difficult Game in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)’’, Journal of Contemporary China, 27.06.2013, pp. 85-101. ‘‘Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü 8'li yapıya dönüşüyor’’, Sabah, 10.7.2015, http://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2015/07/10/sanghay-isbirligi-orgutu-8li-yapiya-donusuyor, (16.10.2016).
  • The Shangai Cooperation Organisation Official Website, http://www.sectsco.org/EN123/, (15.01.2016).
  • Wacker, G. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – Regional Security and Economic Advancement, website Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 20 August 2004, http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/37/1/year-2004/dokument_id-5210/index_print.html, (10.01.2016).
  • Weitz, R. ‘‘Shanghai summit fails to yield NATO-style defence agreement’’, Jane’s Intelligence Review, August 2006. Yun, Yeongmi and Kicheol Park. ‘‘An Analysis of the Multilateral Cooperation and Competition between Russia and China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Issues and Prospects’’, Pacific Focus Inha Journal of International Studies, Vol. XXVII, No. 1, 2012, pp. 62-85.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Erdi Kutlu 0000-0003-4340-2969

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kutlu, E. (2021). İKİLİ ANLAŞMADAN BÖLGESEL İŞBİRLİĞİNE: ŞANGAY İŞBİRLİĞİ ÖRGÜTÜ. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 533-553.