Research Article

A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative

Number: 27 November 12, 2025
TR EN

A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative

Abstract

The Customs Union Agreement, which took effect in 1995, signified a pivotal moment in the economic relationship between Turkey and the European Union (EU). This study employs a multidimensional analytical approach to examine the repercussions of the agreement on the Turkish economy. It assesses the transformation of the trade structure, sector-based changes, investment movements, and contributions to industrialization processes. The study also examines in detail how the Customs Union has shaped Turkey's foreign trade composition, the extent to which integration with the EU has deepened, and the structural problems encountered in this process. Moreover, it underscores that the prevailing agreement has become inadequate to address the evolving dynamics of contemporary trade conditions, thereby underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive update. The analyses, supported by graphs and tables, reveal the need for a new paradigm in Turkey-EU relations, particularly highlighting the need to redefine cooperation in light of digitalization, green transformation, and global supply chain changes.

Keywords

References

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  8. Bardakçı, H. (2024). Türk dünyası devletlerinin sosyo-ekonomik açıdan analizi ve strateji önerileri. Altay Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1). https://www.altaystratejikarastirmalardergisi.com/upload/9e2b4b01-0d2c-4615-be28-47894669f19f.pdf

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

European and Region Studies, International Foundation, International Politics

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

November 12, 2025

Publication Date

November 12, 2025

Submission Date

September 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 27

APA
Bardakçi, E. (2025). A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, 27, 128-138. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1776593
AMA
1.Bardakçi E. A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative. ASSAM-UHAD. 2025;(27):128-138. doi:10.58724/assam.1776593
Chicago
Bardakçi, Emrullah. 2025. “A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations Is Imperative”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, nos. 27: 128-38. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1776593.
EndNote
Bardakçi E (November 1, 2025) A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi 27 128–138.
IEEE
[1]E. Bardakçi, “A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative”, ASSAM-UHAD, no. 27, pp. 128–138, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.58724/assam.1776593.
ISNAD
Bardakçi, Emrullah. “A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations Is Imperative”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi. 27 (November 1, 2025): 128-138. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1776593.
JAMA
1.Bardakçi E. A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative. ASSAM-UHAD. 2025;:128–138.
MLA
Bardakçi, Emrullah. “A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations Is Imperative”. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, no. 27, Nov. 2025, pp. 128-3, doi:10.58724/assam.1776593.
Vancouver
1.Emrullah Bardakçi. A Thorough Examination of the Customs Union Agreement and Its Ramifications on Turkey-European Union Relations is Imperative. ASSAM-UHAD. 2025 Nov. 1;(27):128-3. doi:10.58724/assam.1776593

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