A research on determining the organizational socialization tactics applied in four and five star hotels in Turkey

Year 2009, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 185 - 196, 01.12.2009

N.Fatma İplik

Abstract

Organizational socialization with which new employees adapt themselves to the organization, and which provides positive results in both terms of individual and organizations is the main theme of this study. This study was made on human resources managers of four and five star hotels that are members of Turkish Hotel Association (TÜROB) via web based questionnaire for the purpose of determining organizational socialization tactics used in forming the socialization experiences of the employees applied in hotels that are labor-intensive and have high level of employee turnover rates. SPSS 15.0 statistical package program was used in analyzing the data collected towards the survey in which organizational socialization scale that is common in such studies developed by Jones (1986) (Saks vd. 2007) was preferred. In line with the analyses, it was found out that all the dimensions of organizational socialization tactics applied by four and five star hotels that are in the scope of this research are institutionalized except for the serial-disjunctive dimension.

Keywords

human resources management, organizational socialization, socialization tactics, hotels, Turkey, hotel management, hospitality companies, hospitality industry, questionnaire, tourism enterprises, hotel employees, organizational management

Türkiye' deki dört ve beş yıldızlı otellerde uygulanan örgütsel sosyalleşme taktiklerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma

Abstract

İşe yeni başlayan işgörenlerin örgüte uyumunu sağlayan ve hem birey hem de örgütler açısından olumlu sonuçlar yaratan örgütsel sosyalleşme bu çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Emek yoğun ve yüksek düzeyde personel devir hızına sahip olan otel işletmelerindeki işgörenlerin sosyalleşme deneyimini yapılandırmada kullanılan örgütsel sosyalleşme taktiklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma Türkiye Otelciler Birliği (TÜROB) üyesi olan dört ve beş yıldızlı otellerin insan kaynakları müdürleri üzerinde web tabanlı anket yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Jones (1986) tarafından geliştirilen ve bu alandaki çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan (Saks vd. 2007) örgütsel sosyalleşme ölçeğinin tercih edildiği anket çalışması doğrultusunda elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 15.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz doğrultusunda, araştırma kapsamına alınan dört ve beş yıldızlı oteller tarafından uygulanan örgütsel sosyalleşme taktiklerinin sıralı-kopuk boyutu dışındaki tüm boyutlarda kurumsal nitelikli olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Keywords

insan kaynakları yönetimi, örgütsel sosyalizasyon, sosyalizasyon taktikleri, oteller, Türkiye, otel yönetimi, konaklama işletmeleri, konaklama sektörü, anket, turizm işletmeleri, otel çalışanları, örgütsel yönetim

References

• Ardts, J., Jansen, P. ve Velde, M.V. (2001). The Breaking in of New Employees: Effectiveness of Socialization Tactics and Personnel Instruments, Journal of Management Development,20 (2): 159–167
• Ashforth, B.E., Sluss, D.M. ve Saks, A.M. (2007). Socialization Tactics, Proactive Behavior, and Newcomer Learning:Integrating Socialization Models, Journal of Vocational Behavior,70: 447–462
• Ashforth, B.E., Saks A.M. ve Lee, R.T. (1997). On the Dimensionality of Jones’ (1986) Measures of Organizational Socialization Tactics, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 5 (4): 200-214
• Balcı, A. (2000). Örgütsel Sosyalleşme: Kuram, Strateji ve Taktikler
• Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık
• Bullis, C. (1993). Organizational Socialization Research: Enabling, Constraining, and Shifting Perspectives, Communication Monographs, 60 (1): 10–17
• Can, H., Akgün, A. ve Kavuncubaşı, Ş. (2001). Kamu ve Özel Kesimde İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi
• Cardon, M.S. (2001). Organizational Socialization and Knowledge Integration of Newcomers: The Role of Anticipated Tenure (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). Columbia University
• Chao, G.T., O’Leary-Kelly, A.M., Wolf, S., Klein, H.J. ve Gardner, P.D. (1994). Organizational Socialization. Its Content and Consequences, Journal of Applied Psychology, 79 (5):730–743
• Chiu, Ming-Hsin (2007). Making Sense of Organizational Socialization: Exploring Information Seeking Behavior of Newcomer Digital Librarians in Academic Libraries (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Çalık, C. (2006). Örgütsel Sosyalleşme Sürecinde Eğitimin Değişen Rolü ve Önemi, Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 14 (1):1–10
• Çalık, T. (2003). Performans Yönetimi: Tanımlar, Kavramlar, İlkeler
• Ankara: Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık
• Çelik, V. (1998). Alan Dışından Gelen Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Sosyalizasyonu, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 4 (14): 191–208
• Çelik, V. (2000). Okul Kültürü ve Yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık
• Doğan, S. (1997). İnsan Kaynakları Potansiyelini Arttırmada İşletmeleri Etkinliğe Götüren Yol: Örgüt Kültürü, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 30 (4): 53–74
• Donavan D.T., Xiang, F., Bendapudi, N. ve Singh, S.N. (2004)
• Applying Interactional Psychology to Salesforce Management:A Socialization Illustration, Qualitative Market Research:An International Journal, 7 (2): 139–152
• Elkins, D.M. (2005). How Do You Like Teaching?: Exploring How Socialization Tactics Effect Graduate Teaching Assistants’ Information-Seeking, Self-Efficacy and Role Adjustment to Teaching (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). The University of Kentucky
• Eren, E. (2000). Örgütsel Davranış ve Yönetim Psikolojisi. İstanbul:Beta Yayınları
• Feldman, D.C. (1980). A Socialization Process that Help New Recruits Succeed. İçinde, J.R. Hackman, E.E. Lawler, L.W.Porter (Editörler.). Perspectives on Behavior in Organization.Mc Graw-Hill Book Company
• Garavan, T. ve Murphy C. (2001). The Co-operative Education Process and Organizational Socialization: A Qualitative Study of Student Perceptions of Its Effectiveness, Education and Training, 43 (6): 281–302
• Gruman, J.A., Saks, A.M. ve Zweig, D.I. (2006). Organizational Socialization Tactics and Newcomer Proactive Behaviors:An Integrative Study, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69:90–104
• Haueter, J.A., Macan, T.H. ve Winter, J. (2003). Measurement of Newcomer Socialization: Construct Validation of a Multidimensional Scale, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63:20–39
• Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J.W. ve Woodman, R.W. (1998). Organizational Behavior. Yedinci baskı. South-Western College Publishing
• Jones, G.R. (1986). Socialization Tactics, Self –Efficacy, and Newcomers’ Adjustments to Organizations, Academy of Management Journal, 29 (2): 262–279
• Kartal, S. (2003). İlköğretim Okulu Yönetici ve Öğretmenlerinin Örgütsel Sosyalleşme Düzeyleri (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü
• Kim, T.Y., Cable, D.M. ve Kim, S.P. (2005). Socialization Tactics, Employee Productivity, and Person-Organization Fit, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 232–241
• Klein, H.J. ve Heuser, A.E. (2008). The Learning of Socialization Content: A Framework for Researching Orientating Practices, Personnel and Human Resources Management, 27:279–336
• Klein, H.J. ve Weaver, N.A. (2000). The Effectiveness of an Organizational- Level Orientation Training Program in the Socialization of New Hires, Personnel Psychology, 53 (1):47–66
• Kllyn, B.J. (2001). Getting New Executives On-Board: Investigated an Integrated Theory of Organizational Socialization(Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). The Ohio State University
• Kraimer, M.L. (1997). Organizational Goals and Values: A Socialization Model, Human Resource Management Review, 7(4): 425–447
• Levine J.M. ve Moreland, R.L. (1999). Konowledge Transmission in Work Groups: Helping Newcomers to Succeed.NJ: Mahwah Lundberg, C.C. ve Young, C.A. (1997). Newcomer Socialization: Critical Incidents in Hospitality Organizations, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 21 (2): 58–74
• Luthans F. (1992). Organizational Behavior. Altıncı Baskı. Singapore: McGraw-Hill
• Miller, E.A. (2006). Assessing the Relationship between Organizational Socialization Tactics and Culture in High Technology Organizations (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). The University of Alabama
• Morrison, E.W. (1993). Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Information Seeking on Newcomer Socialization, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78 (2): 173–183
• Morrison, E.W. (2002). Newcomers’ Relationships: The Role of Social Network Ties During Socialization, Academy of Management Journal, 45 (6): 1149–1160
• Nelson, D.L. ve Quick, J.C. (1991). Social Support and Newcomer Adjustment in Organizations: Attachment Theory at Work? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12 (4): 543–554
• Nunnally, J.C. (1983). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw–Hill
• Özkalp, E. (1995). Örgüt Kültürü ve Kurumsal Gelişmeler, Eskişehir Anadolu Üniversitesi Açık Öğretim Fakültesi Dergisi,1 (2): 59–87
• Özgen, H., Öztürk, A. ve Yalçın, A. (2005). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi
• Adana: Nobel Kitabevi
• Raschke, S. (2003). Socialization of New School Business Administrators from outside the Educational Field (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi). Eastern Michigan University
• Saks, A.M., Uggerslev, K.L. ve Fassina, N.E. (2007). Socialization Tactics and Newcomer Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review and Test of a Model, Journal of Vocational Behavior,70: 413–446
• Schein, E.H. (1975). Örgütsel Sosyalleşme ve Yönetim Mesleği (Çev. Halil Can), Amme İdare Dergisi, 8 (2): 167–183
• Van Maanen, J. ve Schein, E. (1979). Towards a Theory of Organizational Socialization. İçinde, B.M. Staw (Editörler.), Research in Organizational Behavior. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press. 209–264
• Woods, R.H. (2006). Managing Hospitality Human Resources. Dördüncü Baskı. ABD: Culinary and Hospitality Publications Services
• Young, C.A. (2003). Organizational Socialization: Messages, Meanings and Making Sense. İçinde, Salih Kusluvan (Editörler). Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. USA: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 289–308
• Yüksel, Ö. (2003). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi