The Effect of “Travel Envy on Social Media” on Intention to Travel

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 41 - 52, 01.12.2022

Ferhat Şeker Ahmet Erdem Kamil Unur

https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.987543

Abstract

While envy is defined as wanting to have done what someone else has done, or wishing to have what someone else has, travel envy can be defined as wishing to have made a trip that someone else has made. Travel envy on social media is the envy of a person as “I wish I could go too” when he sees travel, trip, vacation posts made by others on social media. 775 valid surveys were collected in the study, which investigated the effect of travel envy on the intention to travel on social media within the scope of structural equation modelling. As a result of the analysis, it was found that envy of travel posts on social media has a strong effect on the intention to travel. In the study, which social media usage patterns were also examined, it was observed that most of the participants spent 1-3 hours a day on social media, shared their vacation photos frequently on social media, used social media most to follow their friends, and the most commonly used social media application was Instagram. In addition, it was determined that travel envy on social media differed significantly according to gender, marital status, age and frequency of travel.

Keywords

Social media, Travel envy, Intention to travel, Social comparison theory

Sosyal Medyada Seyahat İmrenişinin Seyahat Etme Niyetine Etkisi

Abstract

İmrenme, başkasının yaptığını yapmış olmayı istemek ya da başkasının sahip olduğuna sahip olmayı dilemek olarak tanımlanırken, seyahate imrenme; başkasının yapmış olduğu bir seyahati yapmış olmayı arzu etmektir. Sosyal medyada seyahat imrenişi ise; bir kişinin başkaları tarafından sosyal medyada yapılan seyahat, gezi, tatil paylaşımlarını gördüğünde “keşke ben de gidebilmiş olsaydım” şeklinde imrenmesidir. Sosyal medyada seyahat imrenişinin seyahat etme niyetine etkisinin yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kapsamında araştırıldığı çalışmada 775 adet geçerli anket toplanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda sosyal medyada görülen seyahat paylaşımlarına imrenmenin, seyahat etme niyeti üzerinde güçlü bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal medya kullanım kalıplarının da incelendiği çalışmada katılımcıların çoğunun günde bir-üç saat sosyal medyada vakit geçirdikleri, tatil fotoğraflarını sık sık paylaştıkları, sosyal medyayı en çok arkadaşlarını takip etme amacıyla kullandıkları ve en sık kullanılan sosyal medya uygulamasının Instagram olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş ve seyahat etme sıklığına göre sosyal medyada seyahat imrenişinin anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Sosyal Medya, Seyahat İmrenimi, Seyahat Etme Niyeti, Sosyal Karşılaştırma Teorisi

References

• Belk, R. (2011). Benign Envy, Academy of Marketing Science Review, 1(1): 117-134.
• Brickman, P. ve Bulman, R. J. (1977). Pleasure and Pain in Social Comparison. İçinde; J. M. Suls, R. ve L. Miller (Editörler), Social comparison processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives (ss.149-186). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
• Cheng, H. H. ve Fu, T. J. (2019). Exploring The Antecedents of Conspicuous Consumption and Posting Behavior of Conspicuous Consumption on Instagram, 10th International Conference on E-Business, Management and Economics (ICEME 2019): 229–233.
• Chou, H.-T. G. ve Edge, N. (2012). They Are Happier and Having Better Lives Than I Am: The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others’ Lives, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 15(2): 117–121.
• Chu, C-P. (2018). The Influence of Social Media Use and Travel Motivation on The Perceived Destination Image and Travel Intention To Taiwan of The Thai People. (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Bangkok: Bangkok Üniversitesi, İletişim Sanatları Anabilim Dalı.
• Collins, R. L. (1996). For Better or Worse: The Impact of Upward Social Comparison on Self-Evaluations, Psychological Bulletin, 119 (1): 51–69.
• Data Reportal (2021). https://datareportal.com/reports, Erişim tarihi: 28 Haziran 2021.
• De Botton, A. (2004). Status Anxiety. Londra: Hamish Hamilton.
• Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J. ve Aquino, K. (2012). A Social Context Model of Envy And Social Undermining, Academy of Management Journal, 55 (3): 643–666.
• Facebook (2019). https://investor.fb.com, Erişim tarihi: 19 Temmuz 2021.
• Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes, Human Relations, 7: 117–140.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1): 39-50.
• Gibbons, F. X., Blanton, H. C., Gerrard, M., Buunk, B. P. ve Eggleston, T. J. (2000). Does Social Comparison Make A Difference? Optimism As A Moderator of The Relation Between Comparison Level And Academic Performance, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26: 637–648.
• Greenberg, J., Aston-James, C. E. ve Ashkanasy, N. M. (2007). Social Comparison Processes In Organizations, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102: 22– 41.
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. ve Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (Yedinci Baskı). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Hajli, N., Wang, Y. ve Tajvidi, M. (2018). Travel Envy on Social Networking Sites, Annals of Tourism Research, 73: 184–189.
• Independent (2017). https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/holiday-selfies-annoying-instagram-facebook-photos-hot-dog-legs-vacations-a7816386.html, Erişim tarihi: 24 Temmuz 2021.
• Kabakçı Yurdakul, I. (2013). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. İçinde; A. A. Kurt (Editör), Evren ve Örneklem (ss. 75-91). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
• Karagöz, Y. ve Bardakçı, S. (2020). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Kullanılan Ölçek Araçları ve Ölçek Geliştirme. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Kılıçarslan, D. ve Albayrak, T. (2020). Destinasyon Pazarlama Organizasyonlarının Sosyal Medya Performansının Kıyaslanması, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31 (2): 149-160.
• Lange, J., Weidman, A. C. ve Crusius, J. (2018). The Painful Duality of Envy: Evidence for An Integrative Theory and A Meta-Analysis on The Relation of Envy and Schadenfreude, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114 (4): 572–598.
• Latif K., Malik M.Y., Pitafi A.H., Kanwal S. ve Latif Z. (2020). If You Travel, I Travel: Testing A Model of When And How Travel-Related Content Exposure on Facebook Triggers The Intention to Visit A Tourist Destination, SAGE Open, 10 (2): 1-12.
• Lee, S. Y. (2014). How Do People Compare Themselves With Others on Social Network Sites?: The Case of Facebook, Computers in Human Behavior, 32: 253-260.
• Lemay, D.J., Doleck, T. ve Bazelais, P. (2019). Do Instrumental Goal Pursuits Mediate Feelings of Envy on Facebook and Happiness or Subjective Well-Being?, Computers in Human Behavior, 91: 186–191.
• Lim, Y., Y. Chung, ve P. A. Weaver. (2012). The Impact of Social Media on Destination Branding: Consumer-Generated Videos Versus Destination Marketer-Generated Videos, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18 (3): 197–206.
• Lipkus, I. M. ve Klein, W. M. P. (2006). Effects of Communicating Social Comparison Information on Risk Perceptions for Colorectal Cancer, Journal of Health Communication, 11: 391- 407.
• Liu, H., Wu, L. ve Li, X. (2019). Social Media Envy: How Experience Sharing on Social Networking Sites Drives Millennials’ Aspirational Tourism Consumption, Journal of Travel Research, 58(3): 355–369.
• Major, B., Testa, M. ve Bylsma, W. H. (1991). Responses to Upward and Downward Social Comparisons: The Impact of Esteem-Relevance and Perceived Control. İçinde; J. M. Suls ve W.T. Ashby (Editörler), Social Comparison: Contemporary Theory And Research (ss. 237-260). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Martin, B.A.S., Zhan, K., Wang, Y.X. ve Jin, H.S. (2019). The Influence of Entitlement and Envy on Tourist Judgments of Missed Benefits, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 38: 58–65.
• Mayers, A. (2013). Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. Pearson Higher Ed.
• Momondo (2017). International Travel Survey, https://c1.momondo.net/assets/press/travel_survey_2017.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 23 Temmuz 2021.
• Mussweiler, T., Rüter, K. ve Epstude, K. (2006). The Why, Who, And How of Social Comparison: A Social-Cognition Perspective. İçinde; S. Guimond (Editör), Social Comparison And Social Psychology: Understanding Cognition, Intergroup Relations, and Culture (ss. 33–54). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Narangajavana, Y., Fiol, L. J. C., Tena, M.Á. M., Artola, R. M. R. ve García, J. S. (2017). The Influence of Social Media In Creating Expectations. An Empirical Study for A Tourist Destination, Annals of Tourism Research, 65: 60–70.
• Nguyen, V.H., Truong, T.X.D., Pham, H.T., Tran, D.T. ve Nguyen, P.H. (2021). Travel Intention to Visit Tourism Destinations: A Perspective of Generation Z in Vietnam, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8 (2): 1043–1053.
• Sanderson, C. A., Darley, J. M. ve Messinger, C. S. (2002). I’m Not As Thin As You Think I Am: The Development and Consequences of Feeling Discrepant from The Thinness Norm, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28: 172–183.
• Statista (2020). https://www.statista.com/statistics/433871/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide, Erişim tarihi: 16 Temmuz 2021.
• Tandoc, E.D., Ferrucci, P. ve Duffy, M. (2015). Facebook Use, Envy, and Depression Among College Students: Is Facebooking Depressing?, Computers in Human Behavior, 43: 139-146.
• Tsai, F.M. ve Bui, T.D. (2021). Impact of Word of Mouth Via Social Media on Consumer Intention To Purchase Cruise Travel Products, Maritime Policy & Management, 48 (2): 167-183.
• Ural, A. ve Kılıç, İ. (2013). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M. ve Pieters, R. (2011). Why Envy Outperforms Admiration, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37 (6): 784-795.
• Vrugt, A. ve Koenis, S. (2002). Perceived Self-Efficacy, Personal Goals, Social Comparison and Scientific Productivity, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51: 593-607.
• Wallace, L., James, T. L. ve Warkentin, M. (2017). How Do You Feel About Your Friends? Understanding Situational Envy in Online Social Networks, Information & Management, 54 (5): 669–682.
• Walther, J.B., Slovacek, C.L. ve Tidwell, L.C. (2001). Is A Picture Worth A Thousand Words? Photografic Images in Long-Term and Short-Term Computer-Mediated Communication, Communication Research, 28 (1): 105-134.
• Yu, L., Duffy, M. ve Tepper, B. J. (2018). Consequences of Downward Envy: A Model of Self-Esteem Threat, Abusive Supervision, and Supervisory Leader Self-Improvement, Academy of Management Journal, 61 (6): 2296-2318.