Perception of the Visitor About Fashion History Museum: The Sample of M&S Company Archive “Marks in Time”

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 54 - 67, 31.12.2022

Esra Enes , Kemal Enes

Abstract

Fashion history museums are unique structures that offer the opportunity to visually examine the history of fashion. It represents the flow of fashion history, the impact of change and development with the influence of political, economic, cultural and technological developments in world history. Fashion archives furnish a three-dimensional experience to fashion minded followers with examples of fashion trends, styles that change and develop over the years, and examples of clothing and accessories in chronological order. In this study, the company archive of the Marks & Spencer has been located in Leeds, where establishment of the brand and its evolution over the years are presented by various designed clothes, news on the newspaper, posters, interviews and photographs. M&S Company Archive conveys to visitors’ foundation of the brand, which was born in 1884 in Leeds, rising and progressing in time. The M&S archive has been visited by researchers in Leeds and examined and photographed for the analysing. In this research, the museum visitors’ opinions about the museum were examined and analysed with the content analysis method. The aim of the research is to evaluate the approach of visitors to fashion museums. According to the visitors' opinion, M&S Company Archive conspicuously presents the last 125 years of the brand.

Keywords

Museum, Fashion museums, Perception of the visitors, Marks&Spencer

Moda Tarihi Müzeleri Ziyaretçi Algısı: M&S Company Archive “Marks in Time” Örneği

Abstract

Moda tarihi müzeleri, modanın tarihini görsel olarak inceleme imkânı sunan eşsiz yapılardır. Moda tarihinin akışını, dünya tarihinin siyasi, ekonomik, kültürel ve teknolojik gelişimlerinin de etkisiyle değişim ve gelişiminin etkisini sunar. Moda arşivleri, moda akımlarını, yıllara göre değişen ve gelişen stillerin ait oldukları kronolojik sıralamalarına göre giysi ve aksesuar örnekleri ile moda takipçilerine üç boyutlu bir deneyim sunar. Bu çalışmada, İngiltere’nin Leeds şehrinde bulunan Marks & Spencer markasına ait şirket arşivi müzesinde markanın kuruşu ve yıllar içinde evrilişini çeşitli giysi tasarımları, gazete haberleri, afişler, röportajlar ve fotoğraflarla sunulmuştur. M&S Company Archive, 1884 yılında Leeds şehrinde doğan markanın nasıl kurulduğunu, yükselişini ve ilerleyişini ziyaretçilerine aktarmaktadır. Bu araştırmada içerik analizi yöntemi ile müze ziyaretçilerinin müze hakkındaki online ortamda paylaştıkları görüşleri incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı moda müzelerine olan ziyaretçi yaklaşımlarının değerlendirmesini yapabilmektir. Ziyaretçi görüşlerine göre M&S Company Archive, markanın son 125 yılını ilgi çekici bir şekilde sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Müze, Moda Müzesi, Şirket Arşivi, Marks&Spencer, Ziyaretçi Algısı

References

• Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi.
• Anderson, F. (2000). “Museums as Fashion Media,” in: Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations and Analysis, edited by Stella Bruzzi, pp. 371–389, London: Routledge.
• Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. BEÜ SBE Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
• Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus open, 2, 8-14.
• Burt, S. L., Mellahi, K., Jackson, T. P. & Sparks, L. (2002). Retail internationalization and retail failure: issues from the case of Marks and Spencer. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 12(2), 191-219.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem.
• Carter, K. (2013). The M&S Company Archive: From Penny Bazaar to Research Resource. Business Archives, 107, 1-19.
• Chislett, H. (2009). Marks in Time: 125 Years of Marks & Spencer. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. New York: Sage.
• Davies, G. (1999). The evolution of Marks and Spencer. Service Industries Journal, 19(3), 60-73. Drisco, j. W. & Maschi T. (2016). Content Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Google web sitesi M&S Company Archive yorumları. (2022). https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tFP1zc0yik3q0qvsDBgtFI1qDCxMLc0TU1MtUgyMjA1STK0MqgwTzQwMrUAihpYJBqnJRl4CeeqFSsk5-cWJOZVKiQWJWdklqUCAAV5FeE&q=m%26s+company+archive&oq=M%26S+company+archive&aqs= chrome.0.46i19i175i199i512j69i57j0i19i512j0i19i22i30j69i60l3.11763j0j7& sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
• Hagan, S. (March, 2022). BITC 40th Anniversary Partner Case Study: Marks & Spencer. The Prince’s Responsible Business Network.
• Hull, A. & Scott,P. (2020). The ‘Value’ of business archives: assessing the academic importance of corporate archival collections, Management & Organizational History.
• Hürriyet. (14.06.2001) Türkiye’nin İlk Moda Müzesini Vakko Açtı. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/turkiyenin-ilk-moda-muzesini-vakko-acti-39248790
• Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D. & Festinger, D. (2005). Essentials of Research Design and Methodology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Marks & Spencer Company Archive. (2022). Leeds University. Birleşik Krallık Marks & Spencer, https://marksintime.marksandspencer.com/ ms-history/timeline
• Melchior, M.R. & Svensson, B. (2014). Fashion and museums: theory and practice. Bloomsburry Yayınevi.
• Mellahi, K., Jackson, P. & Sparks, L. (2002). An exploratory study into failure in successful organizations: The case of Marks & Spencer. British Journal of Management, 13(1), 15-29.
• Özbek, A. (2020). Dünyanın Farklı Şehirlerinden Gezilmesi Gereken 10 Moda Müzesi. Moda Kariyeri. https://modakariyeri.com/gezilmesi-gereken-10-moda-muzesi/
• Protheroe, K. (2005). Quality Stitch by Stitch: Clothing and Associated Publications Held in the Marks & Spencer Company Archive, Costume, 39:1, 100-112, DOI: 10.1179/cos.2005.39.1.100
• Scott, P. & Walker, J. T. (2017). Barriers to ‘Industrialisation’for interwar British retailing? The case of Marks & Spencer Ltd. Business History, 59(2), 179-201.
• TC. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2022). Müze Nedir? https://destek.ktb.gov.tr/TR-134994/muze-nedir.html
• Toms, S. & Zhang, Q. (2016). Marks & Spencer and the decline of the British textile Industry, 1950–2000. Business history review, 90(1), 3-30.
• Tripadvisor web sitesi M&S Company Archive yorumları. (2022). https://www.tripadvisor.com.tr/Attraction_Review-g186411-d4567064-Reviews-M_S_Company_Archive_Marks_in_Time-Leeds_West_Yorkshire_England.html
• University of Leeds (9 Mart 2012) M&S Company Archive to Open at University. https://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/3015/m_and_s_ company_archive_to_open_at_university.
• Worth, R. (2007). Fashion for the people, A history of Clothing at Marks & Spencer. Berg Publishers: United Kingdom.