Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Kriz Yönetimi: İsviçre, Fransa ve Türkiye’de COVID-19’a Verilen Doğrudan, Teknokratik ve Melez Yanıtların Karşılaştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 1 - 19
https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1620034

Abstract

Bu makale, İsviçre, Fransa ve Türkiye’nin COVID-19 sürecindeki yönetim modellerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Katılımcı demokrasi, teknokrasi ve hibrit yönetişim sistemlerinin ekonomik performans ve halk sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Gerçek GSYİH büyümesi ve ölüm oranlarına ilişkin nicel veriler, karar alma mekanizmaları ve kamu iletişimi gibi nitel unsurlarla birleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, şeffaflık ve halkın katılımını önceleyen kapsayıcı yönetişim biçimlerinin, özellikle İsviçre ve Türkiye örneklerinde, daha başarılı sonuçlar doğurduğunu göstermektedir. Fransa’nın merkeziyetçi ve teknokratik yaklaşımı ise daha yüksek ölüm oranları ve daha yavaş ekonomik toparlanma ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, gelecekteki krizlere yönelik politika yapımında katılımcı mekanizmaların rolüne dikkat çekmekte; katılımcı yönetişimin kriz dönemlerinde
dayanıklılığı ve yönetsel meşruiyeti artırdığı yönünde bir öneride bulunmaktadır. Bu makale, COVID-19 krizi sırasında katılımcı, teknokratik ve hibrit yönetişim modellerinin kamu güveni, meşruiyet ve uyum üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırarak mevcut literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu makale, İsviçre'nin katılımcı modelinin sunduğu gibi, demokratik katılımın kriz dönemlerinde toplumsal güveni ve uyumu nasıl artırdığını gösteriyor. Teknokrasinin hızına karşın, uzun vadeli meşruiyet için kapsayıcılığın elzem olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

References

  • Bojar, A., & Kriesi, H. (2023). Policymaking in the EU under crisis conditions: COVID and refugee crises compared. Comparative European Politics, 21(3), 427-447. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-023-00349-1
  • Bonabeau, E. (2009). Decision 2.0: The power of collective intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(2), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1297002
  • Boyalı, H. (2021). Yönetişim ve kriz yönetimi. In H. Boyalı (Ed.), Kriz yönetimi (pp. 25-48). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Boyalı, H. (2023). Kamuya değer katma bağlamında yeni kamu yönetiminde inovasyon: Dijital yönetişim. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 25(44), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1187194
  • Fischer, F. (1990). Technocracy and the politics of expertise. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483325380
  • Habermas, J. (1971). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Beacon Press. (Original work published 1968).
  • Kavaklı, K. C. (2022). The manipulation of COVID-19 data in autocracies: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy, 3(2), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.1561/113.00000084
  • Landemore, H. (2012). Democratic reason: Politics, collective intelligence, and the rule of the many. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7s5r0
  • Landemore, H. (2020). Open democracy: Reinventing popular rule for the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nh3kvn
  • OECD. (2022). Health at a glance: Europe 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/507433b0-en
  • Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720444
  • Surowiecki, J. (2004). The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations. Doubleday.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2006). Infotopia: How many minds produce knowledge. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195189285.001.0001
  • Swiss Federal Chancellery. (2021). COVID-19 Act referenda: June and November 2021. https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start.html
  • Swiss Federal Chancellery. (2023). COVID-19 Act: June 2023 referendum. https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start.html
  • The Global Economy. (n.d.). COVID deaths per million. Retrieved January 5, 2025, from https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/covid_deaths_per_million/
  • Yardımcı-Geyikçi, R., & Yılmaz, S. (2021). Democratic innovations and pandemic governance in Turkey. Turkish Studies, 22(4), 652-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2021.1928477

Governance in Crisis: Comparing Direct, Technocratic, and Hybrid Responses to COVID-19 in Switzerland, France, and Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 1 - 19
https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1620034

Abstract

This paper examines how different governance models-participatory democracy, technocracy, and hybrid systems-shaped pandemic responses in Switzerland, France, and Türkiye. Using a comparative case study approach, we analyze economic performance and COVID-19 mortality rates from 2019 to 2024. The findings suggest that inclusive and communicative governance-particularly Switzerland’s participatory model and Türkiye’s hybrid approach-achieved better public health and economic outcomes than France’s centralized technocratic response. This study offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing resilience in future crises. It underscores the importance of aligning governance with public trust and suggests that participatory governance can provide resilience and legitimacy in times of crisis. This article contributes to the existing literature by comparing how participatory, technocratic, and hybrid governance models shaped public trust,
legitimacy, and compliance during the COVID-19 crisis. This approach provided crucial social
stability and avoided the intense polarization seen elsewhere. The findings offer evidence
based recommendations for enhancing resilience in future crises.

Ethical Statement

No ethical breach

Supporting Institution

None

Thanks

My family

References

  • Bojar, A., & Kriesi, H. (2023). Policymaking in the EU under crisis conditions: COVID and refugee crises compared. Comparative European Politics, 21(3), 427-447. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-023-00349-1
  • Bonabeau, E. (2009). Decision 2.0: The power of collective intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(2), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1297002
  • Boyalı, H. (2021). Yönetişim ve kriz yönetimi. In H. Boyalı (Ed.), Kriz yönetimi (pp. 25-48). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Boyalı, H. (2023). Kamuya değer katma bağlamında yeni kamu yönetiminde inovasyon: Dijital yönetişim. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 25(44), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1187194
  • Fischer, F. (1990). Technocracy and the politics of expertise. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483325380
  • Habermas, J. (1971). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Beacon Press. (Original work published 1968).
  • Kavaklı, K. C. (2022). The manipulation of COVID-19 data in autocracies: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy, 3(2), 281-304. https://doi.org/10.1561/113.00000084
  • Landemore, H. (2012). Democratic reason: Politics, collective intelligence, and the rule of the many. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt7s5r0
  • Landemore, H. (2020). Open democracy: Reinventing popular rule for the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nh3kvn
  • OECD. (2022). Health at a glance: Europe 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/507433b0-en
  • Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720444
  • Surowiecki, J. (2004). The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations. Doubleday.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2006). Infotopia: How many minds produce knowledge. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195189285.001.0001
  • Swiss Federal Chancellery. (2021). COVID-19 Act referenda: June and November 2021. https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start.html
  • Swiss Federal Chancellery. (2023). COVID-19 Act: June 2023 referendum. https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start.html
  • The Global Economy. (n.d.). COVID deaths per million. Retrieved January 5, 2025, from https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/covid_deaths_per_million/
  • Yardımcı-Geyikçi, R., & Yılmaz, S. (2021). Democratic innovations and pandemic governance in Turkey. Turkish Studies, 22(4), 652-670. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2021.1928477
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Soner Kıstak 0000-0002-3604-1336

Early Pub Date October 13, 2025
Publication Date November 28, 2025
Submission Date January 14, 2025
Acceptance Date June 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 29 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kıstak, S. (2025). Governance in Crisis: Comparing Direct, Technocratic, and Hybrid Responses to COVID-19 in Switzerland, France, and Türkiye. Current Perspectives in Social Sciences, 29(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.53487/atasobed.1620034

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

29909