Turizmde Yabancılaşmanın Siyasal Etkisi: Turizm Jeopolitiği Bağlamında Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Özgürlüğün bir ifadesi olan turizm, jeopolitik ve dolayısıyla özgürlüğün sınırlandırılması anlamında güç uygulamaları tarafından giderek daha fazla koşullandırılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede temalaşan turizmin jeopolitik bağlamı ülkeler ve bölgeler arasındaki kültürel, çevresel, siyasal ve ekonomik etkiler kadar yerel ölçekte meydana gelen hareketlilikler, eşitsizlikler ve buna aracılık eden güç/iktidar odaklarının uygulamalarını inceleyerek siyaset ve mekân arasındaki gömülü olan yapısal ilişkileri ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu makale, bireyler ve çıkar grupları için önemli bir sosyoekonomik, kültürel ve siyasal performans alanı olan turizmi jeopolitik ve yabancılaşma kuramsal/kavramsal zeminden hareketle ele alarak Türkiye’de turizmde yabancılaşmanın nedenleri, toplumsal sonuçları ve buna etki eden siyasal pratikleri analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmanın veri seti haber siteleri ve YouTube dijital veri tabanlarından elde edilerek içerik analiz tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda siyasal yapının/aktörlerin ve ilişkili olan çıkar gruplarının uygulamalarından ötürü yerel toplumun sosyoekonomik, kültürel ve psikolojik açıdan destinasyonlara ve turizm hareketliliğine yabancılaştığı anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Coğrafya
• milliyet farkı
• turizm
• turizm jeopolitiği
• yabancılaşma

The Political Impact of Alienation in Tourism: A Critical Evaluation in the Context of Tourism Geopolitics

Abstract

Tourism, as an expression of freedom, is increasingly conditioned by geopolitics and thus by the exercise of power in terms of limiting freedom. The geopolitical context of tourism, which is thematized in this framework, reveals the embedded structural relations between politics and space by examining the cultural, environmental, social, political, and economic impacts between countries and regions, as well as the local mobilizations, inequalities, and practices of power centers that mediate them. In this context, this article aims to analyze the causes of alienation in tourism in Türkiye, its social consequences, and the political practices that affect it by addressing tourism, which is an important socioeconomic, cultural, and political performance field for individuals and interest groups, from the theoretical/conceptual grounds of geopolitics and alienation. The data set of the study, in which the qualitative research method was used, was obtained from news websites and YouTube digital databases and analyzed with the content analysis technique. As a result of the research, it is understood that the local community is alienated from destination and tourism mobility in socioeconomic, cultural and psychological terms due to the practices of the political structure/actors and related interest groups.

Keywords

• Geography
• nationality difference
• tourism
• tourism geopolitics
• alienation

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