EVALUATION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE AND PLASMA TITANIUM LEVELS IN DENTAL IMPLANT TREATED PATIENTS

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the corrosion properties of Titanium (Ti) dental implants in blood and also, measure the inflamatory cytocine secretion to affect of physiological corrosion on Ti implants. Method: Forty patients were divided to two groups. Group 1 was treated with the Zimmer Tapered ScrewVent implant system which has a Microtextured Ti surface. Group 2 was treated with the Implant Direct ScrewPlant implant system which has a Hydroxy Apatite surface. All implants were inserted in posterior mandibular region. Prior to implantation and 4 months after the surgery, peripheral blood samples were taken and analyzed. Results: The Ti levels of every member in the study group was increased, but not to a statistically significant degree (p>0.05). A comparison of pre- and post-dental implant applications in all study groups showed no differences for levels of serum Ti, IL-6, IL10, or TNF-alpha (p>0.05) except for IL-1 beta (p<0.05). Conclusion: No association was found between serum Ti level and implant application

Keywords

• Cytokines, corrosion, dental, implant, titanium

DENTAL İMPLANTLARLA TEDAVİ EDİLEN HASTALARIN INFLAMATUAR SİTOKİN VE PLAZMA TİTANYUM SEVİYELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kanda Titanyum (Ti) dental implantların korozyon ürünlerinin ve de fizyolojik korozyonu etkileyen inflamatuar sitokin sekresyonunun Ti implantlar üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 

Metod: Kırk hasta iki gruba ayrıldı. Group 1 Microtextured Ti yüzeye sahip Zimmer Tapered Screw-Vent implantlar ile tedavi edildi. Group 2 Hidroksi Apatit yüzeye sahip Implant Direct ScrewPlant implant sistemi ile tedavi edildi. Bütün implantlar mandibular posterior bölgeye yerleştirildi. İmplantasyon öncesi ve cerrahiden 4 ay sonar periferal kan örnekleri alındı ve analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışma gruplarının hepsinde istatiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da artmıştır (p>0.05). Bütün gruplar implant uygulaması öncesi ve sonrası serum Ti seviyeleri karşılaştırıldığında serum IL-1 beta (p<0.05) düzeyi dışında Ti, IL-6, IL-10, ya da TNF-alfa (p>0.05) seviyelerinde artma saptanmamıştır.

Sonuç: Serum Ti seviyesi ile implant uygulanması arasında bir ilişki saptanmamıştır.

Keywords

• Stokin, korozyon, dental, implant, titanyum

References

1. Kazancioglu HO, Cakir O, Koyuncuoglu G, Ciftci A, Ak G. Oral Findings and Health Status among Turkish Geriatric Patients with or without Dementia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2012.11.012.
2. McGarry S, Morgan SJ, Grosskreuz RM, Williams AE, Smith WR. Serum titanium levels in individuals undergoing intramedullary femoral nailing with titanium implant. J Trauma 2008;64:430-3.
3. Chaturvedi TP. An overview of the corrosion aspect of dental implants. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:91-8.
4. Bianco PD, Ducheyne P, Cuckler JM. Titanium serum and urine levels in rabbits with a titanium implant in the absence of wear. Biomaterials 1996;17:1937-42.
5. Williams DF, Adams D. A histochemical method for the determination of titanium in tissues surrounding 1976;29:657-61. J Clin Pathol
6. Williams D, Adams D, Mort E. A histochemical method for the detection of metals in tissues, with reference to the use of surgical implants. Microsc Acta 1978;81:1-7.
7. Frisken KW, Dandie GW, Lugowski S, Jordan G. A study of titanium release into body organs following the insertion of single threaded screw implants into the mandibles of sheep. Aust Dent J 2002;47:214-7.
8. Takamura K, Hayashi K, Ishinishi N, Yamada T, Sugioka Y. Evaluation of carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity associated with orthopedic implants in mice. J Biomed Mat Res 1994;28:583-9.

9. Rae T. The biological response to titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy particles. I. Tissue culture studies. Biomaterials 1986;7:30- 6.
10. Sedarat C, Harmand MF, Naji A, Nowzari H. In vitro kinetic evaluation of titanium alloy biodegradation. J Periodontal Res 2001;36:269- 74.
11. Meyer U, Bühner M, Büchter A, Kruse-Löster B, Stamm T, Wiesmann HP. Fast element mapping of titanium wear around implants of different surface structures. Clin Oral Implants Res 2006;17:206-11.
12. Weingart D, Steinemann S, Schili W, Strub JR, Hellerich U, Assenmacher J, et al. Titanium deposition in regional lymph nodes after insertion of titanium screw implants in maxillofacial region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;23:450-2.
13. Morais LS, Serra GG, Palermo EFA, Andrade LR, Müller CA, Meyers MA, et al. Systemic levels of metallic ions released from orthodontic mini- implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135:522-9.
14. Sarmiento-González A, Marchante-Gayón JM, Tejerina-Lobo JM, Paz-Jiménez J, Sanz-Medel A. ICP-MS multielemental determination of metals potentially released from dental implants and articular prostheses in human biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005;382:1001-9.
15. Sarmiento-González A, Marchante-Gayón JM, Tejerina-Lobo JM, Paz-Jiménez J, Sanz-Medel A. High-resolution ICP–MS determination of Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Mo in human blood and urine of patients implanted with a hip or knee prosthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008;391:2583- 9.
16. Brown D. All you wanted to know about titanium, but were afraid to ask. Br Dent J 1997;182:393-4.
17. Guindy FS, Schiel H, Schmidli F, Wirz J. Corrosion at the marginal gap of implant- supported supra-structures and implant failure. Int J Oral Maxillofacial Imp 2004;19:826-31.
18. Olmedo DG, Tasat DR, Guglielmotti MB, Cabrini RL. Titanium transport through the blood stream. An experimental study on rats. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2003;14:1099-103.
19. Jacobs JJ, Skipor AK, Campbell A, Hallab NJ, Urban RM, Amstutz CJ. Can metal levels be used arthroplasties? Arthroplasty 2004;19:59-65.
20. Bianco PD, Ducheyne P, Cuckler JM. Systemic titanium levels in rabbits with a titanium implant in the absence of wear. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1997;8:525-9.
21. Sarmiento-González A, Encinar JR, Marchante- Gayón JM, Sanz-Medel A. Titanium levels in the organs and blood of rats with a titanium implant, in the absence of wear, as determined by double-focusing ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009;393:335-43.
22. Uzun G, Keyf F. İmplantların yüzey özellikleri ve osseointegrasyon. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2007;Suppl 2:43-50.
23. Tsutsui T, Kawaguchi H, Fujino A, Sakai A, Kaji H, Nakamura T. Exposure of macrophage-like cells to titanium particles does not affect bone resorption, but inhibits bone formation. J Orthop Sci 1999;4:32-8.
24. Brayda-Bruno M, Fini M, Pierini G, Giavaresi G, Rocca M, Giardino R. Evaluation of systemic metal diffusion after spinal pedicular fixation with titanium alloy and stainless steel system: a 36-month experimental study in sheep. Int J Artif Organs 2001;24:41-9.
25. Hirose K, Isogai E, Miura H, Ueda I. Levels of porphyromonas inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid from adult human subjects. Microbiol Immunol 1997;41:21-6. fimbriae and
26. Messer RL, Tackas G, Mickalonis J, Brown Y, Lewis JB, Wataha JC. Corrosion of machined titanium dental implants under inflammatory conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009;88:474-81.
27. Lee HJ, Kang IK, Chung CP, Choi SM. The subgingival microflora and gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in refractory periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1995;22:885-90.
28. Uematsu S, Deguchi T. Interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, Tumor necrosis factor-a, epidermal growth factor and beta2-microglobulin levels are elevated in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 1996;75:562-7.
29. Atilla G, Kutukculer N. Crevicular fluid interleukin-1b, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine A. J Periodontol 1998;69:784-90.