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Year 2015, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 361 - 378, 09.11.2015

Serkan Taşğın

Abstract

Historically, criminological explanations of the sources and distribution of delinquency in society has identified “culture,” or “sub-cultures,” as an important explanatory factor. Usually culture is defined broadly which was also misconceptualized. That is, culture was conceptualized at individual or community level which was false conceptualization in criminology. The purpose of this study is to first, provide a brief explanation of how culture is generally defined and used in criminological work. Second, describe how prominent cultural explanations have been used to explain both individual and community levels of violence. Third, whether there are important differences between various cultural explanations of crime and delinquency that warrant distinction, or can all cultural explanations be lumped together without losing important insights. And fourth, what are the implications of using culture as an explanatory factor for individuallevel and community-level delinquency prevention and intervention initiatives

Keywords

Culture Crime Criminology Subculture Intervention

References

  • Akers, R.L., & Jensen, G.F. (2003). "The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance: The Past, Present, and Future". In F.T. Cullen, Wright, J.P., & Blevin, K.R. (Eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory. (pp. 37-76), New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Anderson, E. (1999). Code of The Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. NY: W.W. Norton.
  • Birkbeck, C. (1993). "Against Ethnocentrism: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Criminal Justice Theories and Policies". Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 4, 307.
  • Bourgois, P. (2003). In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brezina, T., Tekin, E. & Topalli, V. (2009). "Might Not be a Tomorrow: A Multimethods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime". Criminology, 47(4), 1091-1129.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Carter, J.H. (1995). "Psychological/Cultural Issues in Medicine and Psychiatry: Treating African Americans". Journal of National Medicine Association, 87(12), 857-860.
  • Corsaro, W.A., & Eder, D. (1990). "Children’s Peer Cultures". Annual Review of Sociology, 16, 197-220.
  • Dijktra, J.K., Lindenberg, S., Veenstra, R., Steglich, C., Isaacs, J., Card, N.A., & Hodges, E.V.E. (2010). "Influence and Selection Processes in Weapon Carrying During Adolescence: The Roles of Status, Aggression, and Vulnerability". Criminology, 48(1), 187-220.
  • Dunlap, E., Golup, A., & Johnson, B.D. (2003). "Girls’ Sexual Development in The Inner City: From Compelled Childhood Sexual Contact to Sex for Things Exchanges". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 12(2), 73-96.
  • Felson, R.B., Liska, A.E., South, S.J., & McNulty, T.L. (1994). "The Subculture of Violence and Delinquency: Individual vs. School Context Fffects". Social Forces, 73(1), 155-173.
  • Harding, D.J. (2007). "Cultural Context, Sexual Behavior, and Romantic Relationships in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods". American Sociological Review, 72(3), 341-364.
  • Hawkins, D.F. (1993). "Inequality, Culture, and Interpersonal Violence". Health Affairs, 81-95.
  • Kornhauser, R.R. (1978). Social Sources of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lamont, M. & Small, M.L. (2008). "How Culture Matters: Enriching Our Understanding of Poverty". In A.C. Lin & D.R. Harris (Eds.). The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist (pp. 76-102). "New York: Russell Sage Foundation".
  • Lewis, O. (1975). Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. New York: Basic Books.
  • McGloin, J.M., Schreck, C.J., Stewart, E.A., & Ousey, G.C. (2011). "Predicting the Violent Offender: The Discriminant Validity of the Subculture of Violence". Criminology, 49(3), 767-794.
  • Melde, C., Taylor, T.T., & Esbensen, F.A. (2009). "I Got Your Back: An Examination of the Protective Function of Gang Membership in Adolescence". Criminology, 47(2), 565-594.
  • Miller, W.B. (1958). Lower Class Structure as Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency. Journal of Social Issues, 14(5), 5-19.
  • Payne, B.K., & Button, D.M. (2009). "Developing a Citywide Youth Violence Prevention Plan: Perceptions of Various Stakeholders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53(5), 517-534.
  • Rosenberg, M.L., & Mercy, J.A. (1991). "Assaultive Violence". In Violence In America, M.L. Rosenberg & M.A. Fenley (Eds.) (pp. 14-50), NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Sampson, R.J. & Bean, L. (2006). "Cultural Mechanisms and Killing Fields: A Revised Theory of Community-Level Racial Inequality". In The Many Colors of Crime (pp. 8-36), R.D. Peterson, L.J. Krivo, & J. Hagan (Eds.). NY: New York University Press.
  • Schlossman, S., Zellman, G. & Shavelson, R. (1984). "Delinquency Prevention in South Chicago: A Fifty Year Assessment of the Chicago Area Project". RAND.
  • Shaw, C.R., & McKay, H.D. (1969). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. (2d ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Small, M.L. (2002). "Culture, Cohorts, and Social Organization Theory: Understanding Local Participation in a Latino Housing Project". American Journal of Sociology, 108(1), 1-54.
  • Stewart, E.A. & Simons, R.L. (2006). "Structure and Culture in African American Adolescent Violence: A Partial Test of the “Code of the Street” Thesis". Justice Quarterly, 23(1), 1-33.
  • Stewart, E.A. & Simons, R.L. (2010). "Race, Code of the Street, and Violent Delinquency: A Multilevel Investigation of Neighborhood Street Culture and Individual Norms of Violence". Criminology, 48(2), 569-605.
  • Taşğın, S. (2014). "Kasten Yaralama Olaylarına Analitik Bir Bakış: Şanlıurfa Örneği". Şiddet Suçları: Yaklaşımlar ve Trendler, F. Irmak & E. Darcan (edt.), Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, ss. 37-65.
  • Taşğın, S. (2014b). "Contemporary Developments in Social Learning Theory. In Criminological Research and its Possible Use in Turkish Criminological Research". Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 34(7), 982-989.
  • Taşğın, S. (2014c). "The Possible Use of Both Ecological Theory of Criminology and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory for Understanding Crime". Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(1), 131-157.
  • Thornberry, T.P., Lizotte, A.J., Krohn, M.D., Farnworth, M., & Jang, S.J. (1994). "Delinquent Peers, Beliefs, and Deviant Behavior: A Longitudinal Test of Interactional Theory". Criminology, 32, 47-68.
  • Warner, B.D. (2003). "The Role of Attenuated Culture in Social Disorganization Theory". Criminology, 41(1), 73-97.
  • Warr, M. (2002). Companions in Crime. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Wilson, J.M., Chermak, S., & McGarrell, E.F. (2010). Community-Based Violence Prevention: An Assessment of Pittsburgh’s One Vision One Life Program. CA, Santa Monica: Rand
  • Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Wilson, W.J. (1996). When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Random House.
  • Wolfgang, M.E., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The Subculture of Violence. London: Routledge.

Kriminolojik Araştırma ve Suçla İlgili Uygulamalarda Kültür Kavramı ve Önemi

Year 2015, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 361 - 378, 09.11.2015

Serkan Taşğın

Abstract

Kriminolojik çalışmalara tarihsel açıdan bakıldığında suç ve sapma davranış-
larının kaynağında ve yaygınlaşmasında “kültür” veya “alt kültür” kavramlarının kullanıldığı
görülmektedir. Fakat bu kavramların bireysel ve toplum bazında geniş anlamda
kullanılması krinimolojik çalışmaların geçerliliğinin sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı kültürün kriminolojik çalışmalarda nasıl tanımlandığının ve kullanıldığının
açıklanması; ikinci olarak bireysel ve toplumsal bazda suçun ve sapma davranışlarının
açıklanmasında kültürel açıklamaların nasıl kullanıldığının gösterilmesi;
üçüncü olarak suçun tanımlanmasında kullanılan kültürel tanımlamalar arasında farklı-
lık olup olmadığının tespiti ve bu açıklamaların tek bir noktada birleştirilip birleştirilemeyeceğinin
tartışılmasıdır. Son olarak ise kültürün bireysel ve toplumsal bazda işlenen
suçların nedeni olarak görüldüğü durumlarda kültürün suçun önlenmesinde nasıl etkili
olarak kullanılacağı anlatılacaktır.

Keywords

Kültür Suç Kriminoloji Alt Kültür Uygulama

References

  • Akers, R.L., & Jensen, G.F. (2003). "The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance: The Past, Present, and Future". In F.T. Cullen, Wright, J.P., & Blevin, K.R. (Eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory. (pp. 37-76), New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Anderson, E. (1999). Code of The Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. NY: W.W. Norton.
  • Birkbeck, C. (1993). "Against Ethnocentrism: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Criminal Justice Theories and Policies". Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 4, 307.
  • Bourgois, P. (2003). In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Brezina, T., Tekin, E. & Topalli, V. (2009). "Might Not be a Tomorrow: A Multimethods Approach to Anticipated Early Death and Youth Crime". Criminology, 47(4), 1091-1129.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Carter, J.H. (1995). "Psychological/Cultural Issues in Medicine and Psychiatry: Treating African Americans". Journal of National Medicine Association, 87(12), 857-860.
  • Corsaro, W.A., & Eder, D. (1990). "Children’s Peer Cultures". Annual Review of Sociology, 16, 197-220.
  • Dijktra, J.K., Lindenberg, S., Veenstra, R., Steglich, C., Isaacs, J., Card, N.A., & Hodges, E.V.E. (2010). "Influence and Selection Processes in Weapon Carrying During Adolescence: The Roles of Status, Aggression, and Vulnerability". Criminology, 48(1), 187-220.
  • Dunlap, E., Golup, A., & Johnson, B.D. (2003). "Girls’ Sexual Development in The Inner City: From Compelled Childhood Sexual Contact to Sex for Things Exchanges". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 12(2), 73-96.
  • Felson, R.B., Liska, A.E., South, S.J., & McNulty, T.L. (1994). "The Subculture of Violence and Delinquency: Individual vs. School Context Fffects". Social Forces, 73(1), 155-173.
  • Harding, D.J. (2007). "Cultural Context, Sexual Behavior, and Romantic Relationships in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods". American Sociological Review, 72(3), 341-364.
  • Hawkins, D.F. (1993). "Inequality, Culture, and Interpersonal Violence". Health Affairs, 81-95.
  • Kornhauser, R.R. (1978). Social Sources of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lamont, M. & Small, M.L. (2008). "How Culture Matters: Enriching Our Understanding of Poverty". In A.C. Lin & D.R. Harris (Eds.). The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist (pp. 76-102). "New York: Russell Sage Foundation".
  • Lewis, O. (1975). Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. New York: Basic Books.
  • McGloin, J.M., Schreck, C.J., Stewart, E.A., & Ousey, G.C. (2011). "Predicting the Violent Offender: The Discriminant Validity of the Subculture of Violence". Criminology, 49(3), 767-794.
  • Melde, C., Taylor, T.T., & Esbensen, F.A. (2009). "I Got Your Back: An Examination of the Protective Function of Gang Membership in Adolescence". Criminology, 47(2), 565-594.
  • Miller, W.B. (1958). Lower Class Structure as Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency. Journal of Social Issues, 14(5), 5-19.
  • Payne, B.K., & Button, D.M. (2009). "Developing a Citywide Youth Violence Prevention Plan: Perceptions of Various Stakeholders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53(5), 517-534.
  • Rosenberg, M.L., & Mercy, J.A. (1991). "Assaultive Violence". In Violence In America, M.L. Rosenberg & M.A. Fenley (Eds.) (pp. 14-50), NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Sampson, R.J. & Bean, L. (2006). "Cultural Mechanisms and Killing Fields: A Revised Theory of Community-Level Racial Inequality". In The Many Colors of Crime (pp. 8-36), R.D. Peterson, L.J. Krivo, & J. Hagan (Eds.). NY: New York University Press.
  • Schlossman, S., Zellman, G. & Shavelson, R. (1984). "Delinquency Prevention in South Chicago: A Fifty Year Assessment of the Chicago Area Project". RAND.
  • Shaw, C.R., & McKay, H.D. (1969). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. (2d ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Small, M.L. (2002). "Culture, Cohorts, and Social Organization Theory: Understanding Local Participation in a Latino Housing Project". American Journal of Sociology, 108(1), 1-54.
  • Stewart, E.A. & Simons, R.L. (2006). "Structure and Culture in African American Adolescent Violence: A Partial Test of the “Code of the Street” Thesis". Justice Quarterly, 23(1), 1-33.
  • Stewart, E.A. & Simons, R.L. (2010). "Race, Code of the Street, and Violent Delinquency: A Multilevel Investigation of Neighborhood Street Culture and Individual Norms of Violence". Criminology, 48(2), 569-605.
  • Taşğın, S. (2014). "Kasten Yaralama Olaylarına Analitik Bir Bakış: Şanlıurfa Örneği". Şiddet Suçları: Yaklaşımlar ve Trendler, F. Irmak & E. Darcan (edt.), Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, ss. 37-65.
  • Taşğın, S. (2014b). "Contemporary Developments in Social Learning Theory. In Criminological Research and its Possible Use in Turkish Criminological Research". Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 34(7), 982-989.
  • Taşğın, S. (2014c). "The Possible Use of Both Ecological Theory of Criminology and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory for Understanding Crime". Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(1), 131-157.
  • Thornberry, T.P., Lizotte, A.J., Krohn, M.D., Farnworth, M., & Jang, S.J. (1994). "Delinquent Peers, Beliefs, and Deviant Behavior: A Longitudinal Test of Interactional Theory". Criminology, 32, 47-68.
  • Warner, B.D. (2003). "The Role of Attenuated Culture in Social Disorganization Theory". Criminology, 41(1), 73-97.
  • Warr, M. (2002). Companions in Crime. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Wilson, J.M., Chermak, S., & McGarrell, E.F. (2010). Community-Based Violence Prevention: An Assessment of Pittsburgh’s One Vision One Life Program. CA, Santa Monica: Rand
  • Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Wilson, W.J. (1996). When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Random House.
  • Wolfgang, M.E., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The Subculture of Violence. London: Routledge.
There are 36 citations in total.

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Primary Language tr;en
Journal Section Makaleler
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Serkan Taşğın This is me

Publication Date November 9, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

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APA Taşğın, S. (2015). Kriminolojik Araştırma ve Suçla İlgili Uygulamalarda Kültür Kavramı ve Önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(1), 361-378.
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