Dezavantajlı Gruplar Bağlamında Göçmen Kadınların Tarım Sektöründe İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Sorunları

Öz

Bu çalışma, tarım sektöründe çalışan göçmen kadınların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) bağlamında karşılaştığı çok boyutlu riskleri literatür taraması aracılığıyla değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Göç, küresel düzeyde artan bir olgu olup, göçmen kadınlar hem cinsiyetlerinden hem de göçmen statülerinden dolayı iş yaşamında çifte dezavantaj yaşamaktadır. Özellikle tarım sektörü; mevsimsel, güvencesiz, kayıt dışı ve sağlıksız yapısıyla göçmen kadın işçileri en kırılgan gruplar arasına yerleştirmektedir. Tarımda kadın emeğinin yaygın olmasına rağmen, göçmen kadın işçilerin maruz kaldığı fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik ve psikososyal riskler büyük ölçüde görünmez kalmaktadır. Uzun çalışma saatleri, pestisit maruziyeti, hijyen yoksunluğu, yetersiz barınma koşulları, sosyal izolasyon, dil bariyeri, eğitim eksikliği ve psikolojik tükenmişlik gibi sorunlar, göçmen kadınların hem fiziksel hem de ruhsal sağlıklarını tehdit etmektedir. Araştırmanın bulguları, göçmen kadınların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği sistemleri içinde yeterince temsil edilmediğini ve çoğu zaman yasal korumadan yoksun kaldıklarını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, teknik önlemlerin yanı sıra toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği, sosyal politika, insan hakları ve göç yönetimi ekseninde geliştirilecek bütüncül çözümlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Göçmen kadınların insani çalışma koşullarına kavuşması onların yaşam kalitesini artırırken tarımsal üretim sistemlerinin adil ve sürdürülebilir hale gelmesini de sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göçmen Kadınlar
• Göç
• İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği
• Tarım
• Dezavantajlı Gruplar

Occupational Health and Safety Issues of Migrant Women in the Agricultural Sector in the Context of Disadvantaged Groups

Öz

This study aims to evaluate the multidimensional risks faced by migrant women working in the agricultural sector within the context of occupational health and safety (OHS) through an extensive literature review. Migration is a globally increasing phenomenon, and migrant women experience a double disadvantage in working life due to both their gender and their migrant status. In particular, the agricultural sector—with its seasonal, insecure, informal, and unhealthy structure—places migrant women workers among the most vulnerable groups. Despite the widespread presence of women’s labor in agriculture, the physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risks to which migrant women workers are exposed remain largely invisible. Problems such as long working hours, pesticide exposure, lack of hygiene, inadequate housing conditions, social isolation, language barriers, lack of education, and psychological exhaustion threaten both the physical and mental health of these workers. The findings of this research indicate that migrant women are insufficiently represented within occupational health and safety systems and are often deprived of legal protection. Therefore, in addition to technical measures, comprehensive solutions that integrate gender equality, social policy, human rights, and migration management are urgently needed. Ensuring humane working conditions for migrant women will not only improve their quality of life but also contribute to making agricultural production systems more equitable and sustainable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Migrant Women
• Migration
• Occupational Health and Safety
• Agriculture
• Disadvantaged Groups

Kaynakça

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