Research Article
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XYZ Kuşaklarında Boş Zaman İnternet Kullanımı Alışkanlıkları

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 301 - 313, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1329036

Abstract

Boş zamanı değerlendirme fırsatı sunan internet hizmetinin kullanıcı gözünde başarıya ulaşıp ulaşmadığını saptamak için güdüleyici etmenlerin ve bireysel farklılıkların belirlenmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Araştırmanın amacı XYZ kuşaklarının boş zaman internet kullanımı alışkanlıklarındaki farklılıkları belirleyerek araştırmacıların, internet hizmeti sağlayıcılarının ve resmi kurumların ihtiyaç duyduğu temel bilgiyi elde etmek ve öneriler sunmaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini XYZ kuşağı olarak tanımlanan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile XYZ kuşaklarını temsil eden toplam 371 kişiye internet üzerinden ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Tek Yönlü MANOVA analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda XYZ kuşaklarının boş zaman internet kullanımı alışkanlıkları, tüm alt boyutlarda anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Sosyal etkileşimde Y kuşağı, alışverişte X kuşağı, çoklu medya kullanımında Z kuşağı ve bilgi edinme/kişisel gelişim boyutunda ise X kuşağı en yüksek ortalamaya sahiptir. Sonuç olarak XYZ kuşaklarının boş zaman internet kullanımı alışkanlıklarında farklılık yarattığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu yüzden boş zaman internet hizmetleri ile ilgili tüketici istek ve ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesinde ve bu hizmetlerin yönetim politikalarının oluşturulmasında kuşak farklılıkları dikkate alınmalıdır.

Supporting Institution

Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Komisyonu

Project Number

20ADP236

References

  • Altunbay, M., & Bıçak, N. (2018). Türkçe eğitimi derslerinde “Z kuşağı” bireylerine uygun teknoloji tabanlı uygulamaların kullanımı. Zeitschrift Für Die Welt Der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 10(1), 127-142.
  • Ayhün, S. E. (2013). Kuşaklar arasındaki farklılıklar ve örgütsel yansımaları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 93-112.
  • Beard, K. W. & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383.
  • Blanchard, A. L. & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1067–1084.
  • Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., Kuss, D. J., Wölfling, K. & Müller, K. W. (2011). Regular and problematic leisure-time Internet use in the community: Results from a German population-based survey. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(5), 291–296.
  • Brandtzæg, P. B. (2010). Towards a unified Media-User Typology (MUT): A meta-analysis and review of the research literature on media-user typologies. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 940–956.
  • Brandtzæg, P. B., Heim, J. & Karahasanović, A. (2011). Understanding the new digital divide—a typology of Internet users in Europe. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(3), 123–138.
  • Bryce, J. (2001). The technological transformation of leisure. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1), 7–16. Carroll, J. M. & Thomas, J. C. (1988). Fun. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 19(3), 21-24.
  • Chen, H., Wigand, R. T. & Nilan, M. S. (1999). Optimal experience of web activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(5), 585–608.
  • Coker, B. L. (2011). Freedom to surf: The positive effects of workplace Internet leisure browsing. New Technology, Work and Employment, 26(3), 238-247.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harperennial Modern Classics, New York.
  • Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132.
  • Deniz, L. & Ünal, T. A. (2019). Sosyal medya çağında kuşakların sosyal medya kullanımı ve değerlerine yönelik bir dizi ölçek geliştirme çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 1025-1057.
  • Eyerman, R., & Turner, B. S. (1998). Outline of a theory of generations. European Journal of Social Theory, 1(1), 91-106.
  • Furnham, A. (2004). Personality and leisure activity: Sensation seeking and spare-time activities. On the Psychobiology of Personality: Essays in Honor of Marvin Zuckerman, 167183.
  • Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction-time to be taken seriously? Addiction Research, 8(5), 413–418.
  • Glass, A. (2007). Understanding Generational Differences for Competitive Success. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39(2), 98-103.
  • Golovinski, M. S. (2011). Event 3.0: How generation Y & Z are re-shaping the events industry. Lulu. com.
  • Hills, P. & Argyle, M. (2003). Uses of the Internet and their relationships with individual differences in personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 59–70.
  • Hopkinson, G. C., & Pujari, D. (1999). A factor analytic study of the sources of meaning in hedonic consumption. European Journal of Marketing, 33(3/4), 273-294.
  • Inglehart, R. (2020). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Haworth, J. T. (1997). Work, Leisure & well-being. Taylor & Francis Group/Books.
  • Kalmus, V., Realo, A. & Siibak, A. (2011). Motives for Internet use and their relationships with personality traits and socio-demographic factors. Trames: A Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 15(4), 385.
  • Kapil, Y. & Roy, A. (2014), A critical evaluation of generation Z at workplaces. International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern, 2(1),10-14.
  • Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205–223.
  • Kuyucu, M. (2014). Y Kuşağı ve Facebook: Y Kuşağının Facebook Kullanım Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(49), 55-83.
  • Landers, R. N. & Lounsbury, J. W. (2006). An investigation of Big Five and narrow personality traits in relation to Internet usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(2), 283–293.
  • Lavin, M., Marvin, K., Mclarney, A., Nola, V. & Scott, L. (1999). Sensation seeking and collegiate vulnerability to Internet dependence. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2(5), 425–430.
  • Lin, S. S., & Tsai, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 411–426.
  • Lu, L. & Chen, S. Y. (2009). Internet/PC use as a leisure activity for adults in Taiwan. Journal of Sport and Recreation Research, 3(4), 1–14.
  • Mannheim, K. (1952). Essays on the sociology of knowledge.
  • Marsh, E. J. & Rajaram, S. (2019). The digital expansion of the mind: Implications of internet usage for memory and cognition. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 8(1), 1–14.
  • Mishra, R. K., Sarkar, S. & Singh, P. (Eds.). (2012). Today’s HR for a Sustainable Tomorrow (Vol. 1). Allied Publishers. Orchard, L. J. & Fullwood, C. (2010). Current perspectives on personality and Internet use. Social Science Computer Review, 28(2), 155–169.
  • Özdemir, Ş. (2021). Sosyal medya çağında kuşakların medya kullanım alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 9(20), 281-308.
  • Öz, Ü. (2015). XYZ kuşaklarının özellikleri ve Y kuşağının örgütsel bağlılık düzeyi analizi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Atılım Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Erişim Adresi (24-05-2023): chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:// acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/59125/yokAcikBilim_10086439.pdf?sequence=-1
  • Poushter, J. (2016). Smartphone ownership and internet usage continues to climb in emerging economies. Pew Research Center, 22(1), 1–44.
  • Powell, J., Inglis, N., Ronnie, J. & Large, S. (2011). The characteristics and motivations of online health information seekers: Cross-sectional survey and qualitative interview study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(1), e20.
  • Salahuddin, M., Alam, K. & Ozturk, I. (2016). The effects of Internet usage and economic growth on CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A panel investigation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1226–1235.
  • Smith, M. A., & Kollock, P. (1999). Communities in cyberspace (Vol. 1). Routledge.
  • Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statisics for the social sciences. Lawrance Erlbaum Assosiates (Hillsdale, NJ).
  • Sutton-Smith, B. (2009). The ambiguity of play. Harvard University Press.
  • Şimşek, K. Y. & Çevik, H. (2023). The development and validation of the Leisure Internet Usage Scale (LIUS). Leisure Studies, 1-13.
  • Tosun, L. P. & Lajunen, T. (2010). Does Internet use reflect your personality? Relationship between Eysenck’s personality dimensions and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 162–167.
  • Ünal, T. A. (2021). Social Media Generations' Levels of Acceptance of Diversity. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 20(2), 155-168.
  • Vandelanotte, C., Sugiyama, T., Gardiner, P. & Owen, N. (2009). Associations of leisure-time internet and computer use with overweight and obesity, physical activity and sedentary behaviors: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(3), e28.
  • Wang, L., Gao, J., Luo, W. & Kong, J. (2012). The effect of Internet use on adolescents’ lifestyles: A national survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2007–2013.
  • Woszczynski, A. B., Roth, P. L., & Segars, A. H. (2002). Exploring the theoretical foundations of playfulness in computer interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 369–388.
  • Yen, C. F., Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chang, Y. P., & Cheng, C. P. (2009). Multi‐ dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63(3), 357–364.
  • Zemke, R., Raines, C. & Filipczak, B. (2013). Generations at work: Managing the clash of Boomers, Gen Xers, and Gen Yers in the workplace. Amacom.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press.

Leisure Internet Usage Habits in Generations XYZ

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 301 - 313, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1329036

Abstract

There is a need to determine the motivating factors and individual differences in order to determine whether the Internet service, which offers the opportunity to spend leisure time, is successful in the eyes of the user. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in leisure internet use habits of generation XYZ, obtain the core knowledge that researchers, internet service providers and government agencies need and offer suggestions. Target population of the study comprised individuals identified as generation XYZ. A total of 371 individuals representing generation XYZ were reached using convenience sampling technic via internet. In analysis of the data, one-way MANOVA analysis was used. As a result of the analysis, leisure internet use habits of generation XYZ showed significant differences in all subscales. Highest average was observed in generation Y in the social interaction subscale, generation X in the shopping subscale, generation Z in the multimedia use subscale and in generation X in the acquisition of knowledge/personal development subscale. As a consequence, it was determined that generation XYZ created a difference in leisure internet use habits. Therefore, generation differences are to be taken into consideration in determining consumer demands and needs concerning leisure internet services and creating management policies of these services.

Project Number

20ADP236

References

  • Altunbay, M., & Bıçak, N. (2018). Türkçe eğitimi derslerinde “Z kuşağı” bireylerine uygun teknoloji tabanlı uygulamaların kullanımı. Zeitschrift Für Die Welt Der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 10(1), 127-142.
  • Ayhün, S. E. (2013). Kuşaklar arasındaki farklılıklar ve örgütsel yansımaları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 93-112.
  • Beard, K. W. & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383.
  • Blanchard, A. L. & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 1067–1084.
  • Beutel, M. E., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., Kuss, D. J., Wölfling, K. & Müller, K. W. (2011). Regular and problematic leisure-time Internet use in the community: Results from a German population-based survey. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(5), 291–296.
  • Brandtzæg, P. B. (2010). Towards a unified Media-User Typology (MUT): A meta-analysis and review of the research literature on media-user typologies. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 940–956.
  • Brandtzæg, P. B., Heim, J. & Karahasanović, A. (2011). Understanding the new digital divide—a typology of Internet users in Europe. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(3), 123–138.
  • Bryce, J. (2001). The technological transformation of leisure. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1), 7–16. Carroll, J. M. & Thomas, J. C. (1988). Fun. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 19(3), 21-24.
  • Chen, H., Wigand, R. T. & Nilan, M. S. (1999). Optimal experience of web activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(5), 585–608.
  • Coker, B. L. (2011). Freedom to surf: The positive effects of workplace Internet leisure browsing. New Technology, Work and Employment, 26(3), 238-247.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harperennial Modern Classics, New York.
  • Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132.
  • Deniz, L. & Ünal, T. A. (2019). Sosyal medya çağında kuşakların sosyal medya kullanımı ve değerlerine yönelik bir dizi ölçek geliştirme çalışması. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 1025-1057.
  • Eyerman, R., & Turner, B. S. (1998). Outline of a theory of generations. European Journal of Social Theory, 1(1), 91-106.
  • Furnham, A. (2004). Personality and leisure activity: Sensation seeking and spare-time activities. On the Psychobiology of Personality: Essays in Honor of Marvin Zuckerman, 167183.
  • Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction-time to be taken seriously? Addiction Research, 8(5), 413–418.
  • Glass, A. (2007). Understanding Generational Differences for Competitive Success. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39(2), 98-103.
  • Golovinski, M. S. (2011). Event 3.0: How generation Y & Z are re-shaping the events industry. Lulu. com.
  • Hills, P. & Argyle, M. (2003). Uses of the Internet and their relationships with individual differences in personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 59–70.
  • Hopkinson, G. C., & Pujari, D. (1999). A factor analytic study of the sources of meaning in hedonic consumption. European Journal of Marketing, 33(3/4), 273-294.
  • Inglehart, R. (2020). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.
  • Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Haworth, J. T. (1997). Work, Leisure & well-being. Taylor & Francis Group/Books.
  • Kalmus, V., Realo, A. & Siibak, A. (2011). Motives for Internet use and their relationships with personality traits and socio-demographic factors. Trames: A Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 15(4), 385.
  • Kapil, Y. & Roy, A. (2014), A critical evaluation of generation Z at workplaces. International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern, 2(1),10-14.
  • Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information Systems Research, 13(2), 205–223.
  • Kuyucu, M. (2014). Y Kuşağı ve Facebook: Y Kuşağının Facebook Kullanım Alışkanlıkları Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(49), 55-83.
  • Landers, R. N. & Lounsbury, J. W. (2006). An investigation of Big Five and narrow personality traits in relation to Internet usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(2), 283–293.
  • Lavin, M., Marvin, K., Mclarney, A., Nola, V. & Scott, L. (1999). Sensation seeking and collegiate vulnerability to Internet dependence. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 2(5), 425–430.
  • Lin, S. S., & Tsai, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 411–426.
  • Lu, L. & Chen, S. Y. (2009). Internet/PC use as a leisure activity for adults in Taiwan. Journal of Sport and Recreation Research, 3(4), 1–14.
  • Mannheim, K. (1952). Essays on the sociology of knowledge.
  • Marsh, E. J. & Rajaram, S. (2019). The digital expansion of the mind: Implications of internet usage for memory and cognition. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 8(1), 1–14.
  • Mishra, R. K., Sarkar, S. & Singh, P. (Eds.). (2012). Today’s HR for a Sustainable Tomorrow (Vol. 1). Allied Publishers. Orchard, L. J. & Fullwood, C. (2010). Current perspectives on personality and Internet use. Social Science Computer Review, 28(2), 155–169.
  • Özdemir, Ş. (2021). Sosyal medya çağında kuşakların medya kullanım alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi, 9(20), 281-308.
  • Öz, Ü. (2015). XYZ kuşaklarının özellikleri ve Y kuşağının örgütsel bağlılık düzeyi analizi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Atılım Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Erişim Adresi (24-05-2023): chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:// acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/59125/yokAcikBilim_10086439.pdf?sequence=-1
  • Poushter, J. (2016). Smartphone ownership and internet usage continues to climb in emerging economies. Pew Research Center, 22(1), 1–44.
  • Powell, J., Inglis, N., Ronnie, J. & Large, S. (2011). The characteristics and motivations of online health information seekers: Cross-sectional survey and qualitative interview study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(1), e20.
  • Salahuddin, M., Alam, K. & Ozturk, I. (2016). The effects of Internet usage and economic growth on CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A panel investigation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1226–1235.
  • Smith, M. A., & Kollock, P. (1999). Communities in cyberspace (Vol. 1). Routledge.
  • Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statisics for the social sciences. Lawrance Erlbaum Assosiates (Hillsdale, NJ).
  • Sutton-Smith, B. (2009). The ambiguity of play. Harvard University Press.
  • Şimşek, K. Y. & Çevik, H. (2023). The development and validation of the Leisure Internet Usage Scale (LIUS). Leisure Studies, 1-13.
  • Tosun, L. P. & Lajunen, T. (2010). Does Internet use reflect your personality? Relationship between Eysenck’s personality dimensions and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 162–167.
  • Ünal, T. A. (2021). Social Media Generations' Levels of Acceptance of Diversity. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 20(2), 155-168.
  • Vandelanotte, C., Sugiyama, T., Gardiner, P. & Owen, N. (2009). Associations of leisure-time internet and computer use with overweight and obesity, physical activity and sedentary behaviors: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(3), e28.
  • Wang, L., Gao, J., Luo, W. & Kong, J. (2012). The effect of Internet use on adolescents’ lifestyles: A national survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2007–2013.
  • Woszczynski, A. B., Roth, P. L., & Segars, A. H. (2002). Exploring the theoretical foundations of playfulness in computer interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 369–388.
  • Yen, C. F., Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chang, Y. P., & Cheng, C. P. (2009). Multi‐ dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63(3), 357–364.
  • Zemke, R., Raines, C. & Filipczak, B. (2013). Generations at work: Managing the clash of Boomers, Gen Xers, and Gen Yers in the workplace. Amacom.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports and Recreation, Recreation Management
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kerem Yıldırım Şimşek 0000-0002-5020-9801

Project Number 20ADP236
Publication Date February 29, 2024
Submission Date July 18, 2023
Acceptance Date January 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şimşek, K. Y. (2024). XYZ Kuşaklarında Boş Zaman İnternet Kullanımı Alışkanlıkları. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 7(1), 301-313. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1329036

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