Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Akademisyenlerin Jeoturizm Algısı: Nemrut Kalderasında Turizm üzerine Nitel Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 90 - 112
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1497724

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı akademisyenlerin jeoturizm algılarını ve onların bakış açısıyla Nemrut Kalderası’nda turizmi değerlendirmektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgu bilim deseni temelinde hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, homojen örnekleme kapsamında Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi’nde çalışan akademisyenler dâhil edilmiştir. 19 ayrı akademik birimin her birinden bir temsilci olacak şekilde katılımcılara ulaşılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanan veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve elde edilen bulgular tema ve kategoriler oluşturularak tartışılmıştır. Araştırmada ortaya çıkan farklı sonuçlar şunlardır: (i) Katılımcıların jeoturizm algıları jeoloji ve termal sular kapsamıyla sınırlıdır. (ii) Sahip olduğu buhar bacası, jeolojik geçmiş, manzara, göller, obsidiyen taşlar, flora ve fauna nedeniyle Nemrut Kalderası’nı ziyaret etmeleri, katılımcıların temel motivasyonlarının jeoturizm olduğu göstermektedir. (iii) Başta ayı olmak üzere Nemrut Kalderası’nda doğal ortamlarında yaşayan hayvanlar çekicilik unsurları iken alt yapı ve üst yapı sorunları itici faktörler olarak tespit edilmiştir. (iv) Çevre kirliliği ve doğa tahribatı sürdürülebilir turizm için tehditler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

  • Adams, W. C. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. In: Wholey JS, Harty HP, Newcomer KE (Eds), Handbook of Practical program evaluation, (pp. 492–505). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Adriansyah, D., Busu, I., Eva, H. & Muqtada, M. (2015). Geoheritage as the basis for geotourism development: A case study in Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 15(1), 25-43.
  • Akbaba, M. & Mercandağı, E. (2023). Yerel halkın ekoturizm algısı: Kilis ili örneği. Bayram, A. T. (Ed.) içinde Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar- IV, 185-200. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub144
  • Allan, M. (2011). Toward a better understanding of motivations for a geotourism experience: A self-determination theory perspective. PhD Dissertation, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia. Erişilen Adres (09.08.2023): https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/438/
  • Allan, M. (2015). Geotourism: an opportunity to enhance geoethics and boost geoheritage appreciation. Special Publications, 419(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP419.20
  • Allan, M., Dowling, R. K. & Sanders, D. (2015). The motivations for visiting geosites: the case of Crystal Cave, Western Australia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 16(2), 141-152. https://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-2-2015/2_177_Mamoon.pdf
  • Altanlar, A. & Akıncı, K. G. (2011). Sürdürülebilir turizm planlaması için yöre halkı ve yerli turistlerin davranış ve beklentilerini anlamaya yönelik bir araştırma; Akçakoca Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 3(2), 1-20.
  • Aquino, R. S., Schänzel, H. A. & Hyde, K. F. (2017). Unearthing the geotourism experience: Geotourist perspectives at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Tourist Studies, 18(1), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797617717465
  • Ardıç Yetiş, Ş. (2022). Kapadokya bölgesinin jeoturizm açısından mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality and Travel, 5(2), 702-709.
  • Arifin, H. S., Prastowo, F. A. A., Widyowati, W. & Octavianti, M. (2023). Community perception of geotourism development in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark, Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 16(3), 2139-2152.
  • Aschauer, W. & Egger, R. (2023). Transformations in tourism following COVID-19? A longitudinal study on the perceptions of tourists, Journal of Tourism Futures, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-08-2022-0215
  • Assefa, T., Berhanu, D. & WoldeAmanuel, T. (2022). Willingness to pay for the ecosystem conservation: the case of Lake Hora, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Journal of Forestry and Natural Resources, 1(2), 16–28.
  • Avelar, S., Mansur, K. L., Anjos, S. C. & Vasconcelos, G. F. (2015). Community perceptions for geoconservation of a coastal area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Geoheritage, 7, 275-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0130-z
  • Bentivenga, M., Cavalcante, F., Mastronuzzi, G., Palladino, G. & Prosser, G. (2019). Geoheritage: The foundation for sustainable geotourism. Geoheritage, 11, 1367-1369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00422-w
  • Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi. (2023). Nemrut jeopark projesi bilim kurulu toplantısı yapıldı. Erişilen Adres (06.11.2023): https://www.beu.edu.tr/Haberler/nemrut-jeopark-projesi-bilim-kurulu-toplantisi-yapildi
  • Bitlisnemrutjeopark. (2023). Hakkımızda. Erişilen Adres (14.10.2023): https://bitlisnemrutjeopark.com.tr/hakkimizda-1
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism management, 21(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
  • Büyüksaraç, A., Aksoy, E., Şerifoğlu, T. E., Demirci, A., Ekinci, Y. L., Toyran, K., … & Ağbay, N. C. (2016). Nemrut Krater Gölü ve çevresinin uluslararası jeopark ağına katılımı için gerekli fizibilite çalışmaları, DAKA (Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Kalkınma Ajansı), Proje No: TRB2/16/DFD/0006, 1-58.
  • Cengiz, C., Şahin, Ş., Cengiz, B., Başkır, M. B. & Keçecioğlu Dağlı, P. (2021). Evaluation of the visitor understanding of coastal geotourism and geoheritage potential based on sustainable regional development in western black sea region, Turkey. Sustainability, 13(21), 11812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111812
  • Chen, A., Ng, Y., Zhang, E. & Tian, M. (Eds.). (2020). Dictionary of geotourism. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0
  • Chen, Q., Mao, Y. & Morrison, A. M. (2024). How do information sources influence the purchases of tourism, culture, and entertainment? an analysis of china family panel studies data. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241234796
  • Cheung, L. T. O. (2016). The effect of geopark visitors’ travel motivations on their willingness to pay for accredited geo-guided Tours. Geoheritage, 8, 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-015-0154-z
  • Cheung, L. T., Fok, L. & Fang, W. (2014). Understanding geopark visitors' preferences and willingness to pay for global geopark management and conservation. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 35-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.941848
  • Chrobak, A., Ugolini, F., Pearlmutter, D. & Raschi, A., (2020). Thermal tourism and geoheritage: examining visitor motivations and perceptions, Resources, 9(58), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9050058
  • Chylińska, D. (2019). The role of the picturesque in geotourism and iconic geotourist landscapes. Geoheritage, 11(2), 531-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-018-0308-x
  • Creswell, J. W. (2023). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (7 b.). (M. Bütün, & S. B. Demir (Ed.), Çev.) Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • CSB, (2024). Doğal sit alanları ile ilgili sorular ve cevapları, Erişilen Adres (09.05.2025): https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/canakkale/webmenu/webmenu57103.pdf
  • Çiftçi, Y. & Güngör, Y. (2021). Natural and cultural heritage integration and geoconservation recommendatory of the Nemrut-Süphan proposed geopark area, Bitlis-Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 165, 191-215. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.860092
  • Demircioğlu, A. & Demir, Ş. Ş. (2023). Sürdürülebilir kırsal kalkınmada glamping işletmelerinin rolü: Fethiye örneği, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 105-120.
  • Demirkaya, H., Sagdic, M. & Kocalar, A. O. (2014). Geography teacher candidates’ perceptions of geotourism. Mevlana Intenational Journal of Education (MIJE), 123-140.
  • Demirtaş, B. (2020). Yerli turistlerin Nemrut Dağı Bitlis destinasyonu ile ilgili görüşleri, Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi.
  • Dollma, M. (2019). Geotourism potential of Thethi National Park (Albania). International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 7(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2019.05.002
  • Dowling, R. (2011). Geotourism's global growth. Geoheritage, 3, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-010-0024-7
  • Dowling, R. K. (2013). Global geotourism–an emerging form of sustainable tourism. Czech journal of tourism, 2(2), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.2478/cjot-2013-0004
  • Dowling, R. K. (2021). Geotourism. In: Jafari J, Xiao H (Eds). Encyclopedia of tourism. Cham: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_93-2
  • Dowling, R. K. & Newsome, D. (2018), Geotourism: definition, characteristics and international perspectives, in Dowling, R.K. & Newsome, D. (Eds), Handbook of Geotourism, (pp. 1-22). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Dowling, R. & Allan, M. (2018). Who are geotourists? A case study from Jordan. In Handbook of geotourism (pp. 76-86). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368868.00014
  • Dowling, R., Allan, M. & Grünert, N. (2021). Geological tourist tribes. In: Pforr, C., Dowling, R., Volgger, M. (Eds.) Consumer Tribes in Tourism. Springer: Singapore. (pp. 119-136). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7150-3_9
  • Ekinci, Y. L., Büyüksaraç, A., Bektaş, Ö. & Ertekin, C. (2020). Geophysical investigation of Mount Nemrut stratovolcano (Bitlis, Eastern Turkey) through aeromagnetic anomaly analyses. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177, 3243-3264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02432-0
  • Elp, M., Atıcı, A. A., Şen, F., & Duyar, H. A. (2016). Van Gölü Havzası balıkları ve yayılım bölgeleri. YYÜ Tar Bil Derg, 26(4), 563-568.
  • Erfurt-Cooper, P. (2010). Introduction. In Erfurt-Cooper, P., Cooper, M. (Eds.) Volcano and geothermal tourism: Sustainable geo-resources for leisure and recreation, London: Earthscan, (pp. 3–31).
  • Erfurt-Cooper, P. & Cooper, M. (2009). Health and wellness tourism: spas and hot springs, Bristol: Channel View Publications. (pp. 1–24).
  • Erfurt-Cooper, P. & Cooper, M. (2010). Volcano and geothermal tourism: Sustainable geo-resources for leisure and recreation. Earthscan: London.
  • Ertekin, C., Ekinci, Y. L., Büyüksaraç, A. & Ekinci, R. (2021). Geoheritage in a mythical and volcanic terrain: An inventory and assessment study for geopark and geotourism, Nemrut volcano (Bitlis, Eastern Turkey). Geoheritage, 13(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-021-00593-5
  • Europa. (2010). Twenty five European Destinations of Excellence in Aquatic Tourism, Erişilen Adres (10.11.2023): https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_10_1180
  • Fang,W., Gou, G.R., Cheung, L.T.O., Fok, L., Chow, A.S.Y. & Zhang, K. (2024). An Investigation of Willingness to Pay for Geopark Management and Conservation: A Case Study of Geotourists in the Greater China Region. Resources, 13, 24.
  • Farsani, N. T., de Carvalho, C. N. & Xu, K. (2018). Education as a key tenet of geotourism. In Handbook of geotourism (pp. 234-243). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368868.00029 Fonseca Filho, R. E. (2020). The perception of geotourism by Park managers. Sociedade & Natureza, 32, 713–726. https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v32-2020-55027
  • Frey, M. L. (2021). Geotourism—Examining tools for sustainable development. Geosciences, 11(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010030
  • Galindo, I., Romero, C., Llorente, M., Rubio, J. C., Díaz, G. A., Sánchez, N., ... & Vegas, J. (2019). Geoheritage in the shallow submarine slopes of an oceanic volcanic edifice: a new option for diving geotourism, İçinde Mateo, E., Martínez-Frías, J. and Vegas, J. (Eds.) Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands Geopark: From Earth to Space. Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13130-2_6 Gordon, J. E. (2018). Geoheritage, geotourism and the cultural landscape: Enhancing the visitor experience and promoting geoconservation. Geosciences, 8(4), 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8040136
  • Griffin, L. L. & Ciuti, S. (2023). Should we feed wildlife? A call for further research into this recreational activity. Conservation Science and Practice, 5(7), e12958. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12958
  • Güngör, Y. & Angı, S. (2021). Kültürel jeoloji ve jeoturizm içerisinde jeolojik mirasın yeri. İçinde Er, S. (Ed.). Jeolojik Miras: Kavramlar, Mevzuat ve Uygulama Örnekleri (pp. 105-112), İstanbul: Pınar Yayınevi, Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, Erişilen Adres (23.12.2023): https://eski.jmo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/1fb2a2a78621fd7_ek.pdf?tipi=2&turu=H&sube=6
  • Haukeland, J. V., Fredman, P., Tyrväinen, L., Siegrist, D. & Lindberg, K. (2023). Prospects for nature-based tourism: identifying trends with commercial potential. Journal of Ecotourism, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2023.2178444 Hose, T. (1998). Mountains of fire from the present to the past-or effectively communicating the wonder of geology to tourists. Geologica Balcanica, 28, 77-86.
  • Kim, S. S., Kim, M., Park, J. & Guo, Y. (2008). Cave tourism: Tourists' characteristics, motivations to visit, and the segmentation of their behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(3), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660802280448
  • Kim, Y. (2011). The pilot study in qualitative inquiry: Identifying issues and learning lessons for culturally competent research. Qualitative Social Work, 10(2), 190-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325010362001
  • Kubalíková, L., Drápela, E., Kirchner, K., Bajer, A., Balková, M. & Kuda, F. (2021). Urban geotourism development and geoconservation: Is it possible to find a balance?. Environmental Science & Policy, 121, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.03.016
  • Kusumaningrum, D.A. & Wachyuni, S. S. (2020). The shifting trends in travelling after the COVID-19 pandemic, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Reviews, 7(2), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.724
  • Kuzucuoğlu, C., Çiner, A. & Kazancı, N. (2019). The geomorphological regions of Turkey. In: Kuzucuoğlu C, Çiner A, & Kazancı N (Eds.), Landscapes and landforms of Turkey. World Geomorphological Landscapes, (pp. 41–178). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03515-0_4
  • Larsen, H. G., & Adu, P. (2022). The theoretical framework in phenomenological research: Development and application. New York: Routledge.
  • Lanara, T., Xanthopoulou-Tsitsoni, V., Kostopoulou, S. & Tsitsoni, T.K. (2023). Geoparks and sustainable tourism development. the role of internet and social media. In: Kostopoulou, S., Herrera-Franco, G., Wood, J., Al-Kodmany, K. (eds), Cities’ Vocabularies and the Sustainable Development of the Silkroads. SRSTDCH 2021. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Cham: Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31027-0_20
  • Lugeri, F.R. & Farabollini, P. (2018). Discovering the Landscape by Cycling: A Geo-Touristic Experience through Italian Badlands. Geosciences, 8, 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080291
  • Marin, Q. S. J., Sanabria, H. Z. Y., Espinazo, J. A. P., Verde, B. N. S. R. & Martinez, T. N. (2023). Geotourism and the effects caused by solid waste in the tourist attraction of geological formations of Torre Torre –Huancayo, Peru. In: Baeyens, J., Dewil, R., Rossi, B., Deng, Y. (eds) Proceedings of 2022 4th International Conference on Environment Sciences and Renewable Energy. ESRE 2022. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9440-1_9
  • Martini, G., Alcalá, L., Brilha, J. B., Lantria, L., Sá, A. & Tourtellot, J. (2012). Reflections about the geotourism concept. In: Sá AA, Rocha D, Paz A and Correia V (eds), Proceedings of the 11 European Geoparks Conference. 19-21 September. AGA–Associação Geoparque Arouca, Arouca, pp 187–188. Erişilen Adres (28.11.2023): https://www.europeangeoparks.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/11th-EGN-Conference-Arouca-Geopark.pdf
  • Migoń, P. (2010). Geomorphological landscapes of the world. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Munajat, M., Avenzora, R., Darusman, D. & Basuni, S. (2022). Ecotourism pillars enforcement to geotourism destination in Slamet and Serayu Mountainous Areas, Central Java Province. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 28(1), 72-72. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.1.72
  • National Geographic. (2023). Geotourism. Erişilen Adres (18.11.2023): https://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps/topic/geotourism
  • Newsome, D., Dowling, R. & Leung, Y. F. (2012). The nature and management of geotourism: A case study of two established iconic geotourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2, 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2011.12.009
  • Norrish, L., Sanders, D. & Dowling, R. (2014). Geotourism product development and stakeholder perceptions: a case study of a proposed geotrail in Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 52-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.938654
  • NTV, (2020). Nemrut Krater Gölü'nde valiliğin durdurduğu inşaat yeniden başladı. Erişilen Adres (10.04.2024): https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/nemrut-krater-golunde-valiligin-durdurdugu-insaat-yeniden-basladi,1RTKBw26-ki8NbmnHzACww
  • Nyssen, J., Jacob, M. & Frankl. A. (2019). Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia’s tropical mountains, the Dogu’a Tembien District. Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3
  • Özdemir Uçgun G. & Narcı, M. T. (2022). The role of demographic factors in tourists’ sustainability consciousness, sustainable tourism awareness and purchasing behavior. Journal of Tourismology. 8(2), 215-37. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2022.8.2.1102495
  • Özgen, N. (2010). Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin doğal turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve planlamaya yönelik öneriler. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1407-1438.
  • Özsoy, M. (2010). Mt. Nemrud Caldera. In: Evelpidou, N., Figueiredo, T., Mauro, F., Tecim, V., Vassilopoulos, A. (eds) Natural Heritage from East to West. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01577-9_40
  • Patroni, J., Simpson, G. & Newsome, D. (2018). Feeding wild fish for tourism: a systematic quantitative literature review of impacts and management. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 286–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2180
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (2 b.). (M. BÜTÜN, & S. B. DEMİR (Ed.), Çev.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Penteriani, V., Lamamy, C., Kojola, I., Heikkinen, S., Bombieri, G. & del Mar Delgado, M. (2021). Does artificial feeding affect large carnivore behaviours? The case study of brown bears in a hunted and tourist exploited subpopulation. Biological Conservation, 254, 108949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108949
  • Penteriani, V., López-Bao, J. V., Bettega, C., Dalerum, F., del Mar Delgado, M., Jerina, K., Kojola, I., Krofel, M. & Ordiz, A. (2017). Consequences of brown bear viewing tourism: a review. Biological Conservation, 206, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.035
  • Pralong, J. (2006), Geotourism: a new form of tourism utilising natural landscapes and based on ımagination and emotion, Tourism Review, 61(3), pp. 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058476
  • Purwoko, A., Zaitunah, A., Samsura, D.A.A., Sibarani, R., Muda, I. & Faustina, C. (2023). Assessing the development potential, feasibility, and visitor assessment in the spinster site natural tourism area, Toba Caldera Global Geopark, Indonesia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 49(3), 1075–1086. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.49323-110
  • Reynisdottir, M., Song, H. & Agrusa, J. (2008). Willingness to pay entrance fees to natural attractions: An Icelandic case study. Tourism Management, 29, 1076–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.02.016
  • RG, (2021). Resmi Gazete, 19 Ağustos 2021 (Sayı:31573). Erişilen Adres (09.05.2024): https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/08/20210819-11.pdf
  • Robinson, M. A. (2008). Geotourism: Who is the Geotourist?, Inaugural National Conference on Green Travel, Climate Change and Ecotourism, Adelaide SA. Erişilen Adres (08.05.2024): https://sustain.pata.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Geotourism.pdf
  • Ruban, D. A. & Ermolaev, V. A. (2020). Unique geology and climbing: a literature review. Geosciences, 10(7), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070259
  • Savgın, E. C. & Belli, S. (2017). Bitlis ilinin turizm çeşitliliğinin incelenmesi, International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3 (17), 1-13.
  • Schwarz S. & Migoń, P. (2017). When science and leisure meet: a geotourist itinerary in southern Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. In: Rabassa, R. (Ed) Advances in geomorphology and quaternary studies in Argentina. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 49–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54371-0_2
  • Senese, A., Pelfini, M., Maragno, D., Bollati, I. M., Fugazza, D., Vaghi, L., ... & Diolaiuti, G. A. (2023). The role of e-bike in discovering geodiversity and geoheritage. Sustainability, 15(6), 4979. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064979
  • Shahhoseini, H., Modabberi, S. & Shahabi, M. (2017). Study of factors influencing the attitude of local people toward geotourism development in Qeshm National Geopark, Iran. Geoheritage 9, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-015-0171-y
  • Slomka, T., & Mayer, W. (2010). Geotourism and geotourist education in Poland. In Geotourism: The Tourism of Geology and Landscape; Newsome, D., Dowling, R.K., Eds.; Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, (pp. 142–157).
  • Štrba, Ľ. (2019). Analysis of criteria affecting geosite visits by general public: a Case of Slovak (Geo)Tourists. Geoheritage, 11, 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-018-0283-2
  • Štrba, Ľ., Kolačkovská, J., Kudelas, D., Kršák, B. & Sidor, C. (2020). Geoheritage and geotourism contribution to tourism development in protected areas of Slovakia—theoretical considerations. Sustainability, 12(7), 2979. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072979
  • Stueve, A. M., Cook, S. D. & Drew, D. (2002). The geotourism study: phase 1 executive summary. National Geographic Traveler/TIA, 1-20. Erişilen Adres (17.10.2023): https://www.crt.state.la.us/downloads/Atchafalaya/GeoTourismStudy.pdf
  • Şener, B., Çeşmeci, N. & Kılıçhan R. (2023). Türkiye’deki jeoparkların çevrimiçi tanıtım faaliyetlerine yönelik bir değerlendirme. Journal of Global Tourism and Technology Research, 4(2), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.54493/jgttr.1353795
  • Tarimorman. (2023). Tabiat Anıtları, Erişilen Adres (18.12.2023): https://bolge14.tarimorman.gov.tr/Menu/36/Tabiat-Anitlari
  • Tomic, N. & Marjanovic, M. (2022). Towards a better understanding of motivation and constraints for domestic geotourists: the case of the middle and lower danube region in Serbia. Sustainability, 14, 3285. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063285
  • Tongkul, F. (2006). Geotourism in Malaysia Borneo. In Dowling, R. K. & Newsome, D. (Eds.). Geotourism, 26 – 41. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heineman.
  • Toyran, K., 2016. Predatory mammal species of Bitlis province (Mammalia: Carnivora). Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech., 6, 27-32.
  • Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.031
  • Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O. & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.012
  • UNWTO, (2023). Sustainable development, Erişilen Adres (14.10.2023): https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development
  • Veal, A. J. (2018). Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism (5 b.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Welc, E. & Miśkiewicz, K. (2020). The concept of the geotourism potential and its practical application: a case study of the Prządki (the Spinners) Nature Reserve in the Carpathians, Poland. Resources, 9(12), 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9120145
  • Widawski, K., Jary, Z., Oleśniewicz, P., Owczarek, P., Markiewicz-Patkowska, J. & Zaręba, A. (2018a). Attractiveness of protected areas for geotourism purposes from the perspective of visitors: the example of Babiogórski National Park (Poland). Open Geosciences, 10(1), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0028
  • Widawski, K., Rozenkiewicz, A., Łach, J., Krzemińska, A. & Oleśniewicz, P. (2018b). Geotourism starts with accessible information: the Internet as a promotional tool for the georesources of Lower Silesia. Open Geosciences, 10(1), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0021
  • Yakupoğlu, T. & Özcan Selçuk, G. (2020). Nemrut Kalderası’nın (Bitlis/TÜRKİYE) jeopark potansiyeli. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 1-12.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (10. b.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Academics' Perception of Geotourism: A Qualitative Evaluation on Tourism in Nemrut Caldera

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 90 - 112
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1497724

Abstract

The aim of this research is to evaluate academics' perceptions of geotourism and tourism in the Nemrut Caldera from their perspective. The research was concucted on the basis of the phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative research designs. Academics working at Bitlis Eren University were included in the research within the scope of a homogeneous sampling. Participants were reached, including one representative from each of the 19 academic units. Different results emerged in the research: (i) Participants' perceptions of geotourism are limited to the scope of geology and thermal waters. (ii) The fact that they visit Nemrut Caldera due to its steam chimney, geological history, landscape, lakes, obsidian stones, flora, and fauna shows that the primary motivation of the participants is geotourism. (iii) While the animals living in their natural habitats in the Nemrut Caldera, especially bears, are elements of attraction, infrastructure, and superstructure problems have been identified as push factors. (iv) Environmental pollution and natural destruction have been identified as threats to sustainable tourism. The findings were discussed, and recommendations were presented.

References

  • Adams, W. C. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. In: Wholey JS, Harty HP, Newcomer KE (Eds), Handbook of Practical program evaluation, (pp. 492–505). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Adriansyah, D., Busu, I., Eva, H. & Muqtada, M. (2015). Geoheritage as the basis for geotourism development: A case study in Jeli District, Kelantan, Malaysia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 15(1), 25-43.
  • Akbaba, M. & Mercandağı, E. (2023). Yerel halkın ekoturizm algısı: Kilis ili örneği. Bayram, A. T. (Ed.) içinde Sosyal Bilimler Üzerine Araştırmalar- IV, 185-200. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub144
  • Allan, M. (2011). Toward a better understanding of motivations for a geotourism experience: A self-determination theory perspective. PhD Dissertation, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia. Erişilen Adres (09.08.2023): https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/438/
  • Allan, M. (2015). Geotourism: an opportunity to enhance geoethics and boost geoheritage appreciation. Special Publications, 419(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP419.20
  • Allan, M., Dowling, R. K. & Sanders, D. (2015). The motivations for visiting geosites: the case of Crystal Cave, Western Australia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 16(2), 141-152. https://gtg.webhost.uoradea.ro/PDF/GTG-2-2015/2_177_Mamoon.pdf
  • Altanlar, A. & Akıncı, K. G. (2011). Sürdürülebilir turizm planlaması için yöre halkı ve yerli turistlerin davranış ve beklentilerini anlamaya yönelik bir araştırma; Akçakoca Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 3(2), 1-20.
  • Aquino, R. S., Schänzel, H. A. & Hyde, K. F. (2017). Unearthing the geotourism experience: Geotourist perspectives at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Tourist Studies, 18(1), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797617717465
  • Ardıç Yetiş, Ş. (2022). Kapadokya bölgesinin jeoturizm açısından mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality and Travel, 5(2), 702-709.
  • Arifin, H. S., Prastowo, F. A. A., Widyowati, W. & Octavianti, M. (2023). Community perception of geotourism development in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark, Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 16(3), 2139-2152.
  • Aschauer, W. & Egger, R. (2023). Transformations in tourism following COVID-19? A longitudinal study on the perceptions of tourists, Journal of Tourism Futures, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-08-2022-0215
  • Assefa, T., Berhanu, D. & WoldeAmanuel, T. (2022). Willingness to pay for the ecosystem conservation: the case of Lake Hora, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Journal of Forestry and Natural Resources, 1(2), 16–28.
  • Avelar, S., Mansur, K. L., Anjos, S. C. & Vasconcelos, G. F. (2015). Community perceptions for geoconservation of a coastal area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Geoheritage, 7, 275-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0130-z
  • Bentivenga, M., Cavalcante, F., Mastronuzzi, G., Palladino, G. & Prosser, G. (2019). Geoheritage: The foundation for sustainable geotourism. Geoheritage, 11, 1367-1369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00422-w
  • Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi. (2023). Nemrut jeopark projesi bilim kurulu toplantısı yapıldı. Erişilen Adres (06.11.2023): https://www.beu.edu.tr/Haberler/nemrut-jeopark-projesi-bilim-kurulu-toplantisi-yapildi
  • Bitlisnemrutjeopark. (2023). Hakkımızda. Erişilen Adres (14.10.2023): https://bitlisnemrutjeopark.com.tr/hakkimizda-1
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism management, 21(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
  • Büyüksaraç, A., Aksoy, E., Şerifoğlu, T. E., Demirci, A., Ekinci, Y. L., Toyran, K., … & Ağbay, N. C. (2016). Nemrut Krater Gölü ve çevresinin uluslararası jeopark ağına katılımı için gerekli fizibilite çalışmaları, DAKA (Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Kalkınma Ajansı), Proje No: TRB2/16/DFD/0006, 1-58.
  • Cengiz, C., Şahin, Ş., Cengiz, B., Başkır, M. B. & Keçecioğlu Dağlı, P. (2021). Evaluation of the visitor understanding of coastal geotourism and geoheritage potential based on sustainable regional development in western black sea region, Turkey. Sustainability, 13(21), 11812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111812
  • Chen, A., Ng, Y., Zhang, E. & Tian, M. (Eds.). (2020). Dictionary of geotourism. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0
  • Chen, Q., Mao, Y. & Morrison, A. M. (2024). How do information sources influence the purchases of tourism, culture, and entertainment? an analysis of china family panel studies data. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241234796
  • Cheung, L. T. O. (2016). The effect of geopark visitors’ travel motivations on their willingness to pay for accredited geo-guided Tours. Geoheritage, 8, 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-015-0154-z
  • Cheung, L. T., Fok, L. & Fang, W. (2014). Understanding geopark visitors' preferences and willingness to pay for global geopark management and conservation. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 35-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.941848
  • Chrobak, A., Ugolini, F., Pearlmutter, D. & Raschi, A., (2020). Thermal tourism and geoheritage: examining visitor motivations and perceptions, Resources, 9(58), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9050058
  • Chylińska, D. (2019). The role of the picturesque in geotourism and iconic geotourist landscapes. Geoheritage, 11(2), 531-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-018-0308-x
  • Creswell, J. W. (2023). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (7 b.). (M. Bütün, & S. B. Demir (Ed.), Çev.) Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • CSB, (2024). Doğal sit alanları ile ilgili sorular ve cevapları, Erişilen Adres (09.05.2025): https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/canakkale/webmenu/webmenu57103.pdf
  • Çiftçi, Y. & Güngör, Y. (2021). Natural and cultural heritage integration and geoconservation recommendatory of the Nemrut-Süphan proposed geopark area, Bitlis-Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 165, 191-215. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.860092
  • Demircioğlu, A. & Demir, Ş. Ş. (2023). Sürdürülebilir kırsal kalkınmada glamping işletmelerinin rolü: Fethiye örneği, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 105-120.
  • Demirkaya, H., Sagdic, M. & Kocalar, A. O. (2014). Geography teacher candidates’ perceptions of geotourism. Mevlana Intenational Journal of Education (MIJE), 123-140.
  • Demirtaş, B. (2020). Yerli turistlerin Nemrut Dağı Bitlis destinasyonu ile ilgili görüşleri, Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi.
  • Dollma, M. (2019). Geotourism potential of Thethi National Park (Albania). International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 7(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2019.05.002
  • Dowling, R. (2011). Geotourism's global growth. Geoheritage, 3, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-010-0024-7
  • Dowling, R. K. (2013). Global geotourism–an emerging form of sustainable tourism. Czech journal of tourism, 2(2), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.2478/cjot-2013-0004
  • Dowling, R. K. (2021). Geotourism. In: Jafari J, Xiao H (Eds). Encyclopedia of tourism. Cham: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_93-2
  • Dowling, R. K. & Newsome, D. (2018), Geotourism: definition, characteristics and international perspectives, in Dowling, R.K. & Newsome, D. (Eds), Handbook of Geotourism, (pp. 1-22). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Dowling, R. & Allan, M. (2018). Who are geotourists? A case study from Jordan. In Handbook of geotourism (pp. 76-86). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368868.00014
  • Dowling, R., Allan, M. & Grünert, N. (2021). Geological tourist tribes. In: Pforr, C., Dowling, R., Volgger, M. (Eds.) Consumer Tribes in Tourism. Springer: Singapore. (pp. 119-136). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7150-3_9
  • Ekinci, Y. L., Büyüksaraç, A., Bektaş, Ö. & Ertekin, C. (2020). Geophysical investigation of Mount Nemrut stratovolcano (Bitlis, Eastern Turkey) through aeromagnetic anomaly analyses. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 177, 3243-3264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02432-0
  • Elp, M., Atıcı, A. A., Şen, F., & Duyar, H. A. (2016). Van Gölü Havzası balıkları ve yayılım bölgeleri. YYÜ Tar Bil Derg, 26(4), 563-568.
  • Erfurt-Cooper, P. (2010). Introduction. In Erfurt-Cooper, P., Cooper, M. (Eds.) Volcano and geothermal tourism: Sustainable geo-resources for leisure and recreation, London: Earthscan, (pp. 3–31).
  • Erfurt-Cooper, P. & Cooper, M. (2009). Health and wellness tourism: spas and hot springs, Bristol: Channel View Publications. (pp. 1–24).
  • Erfurt-Cooper, P. & Cooper, M. (2010). Volcano and geothermal tourism: Sustainable geo-resources for leisure and recreation. Earthscan: London.
  • Ertekin, C., Ekinci, Y. L., Büyüksaraç, A. & Ekinci, R. (2021). Geoheritage in a mythical and volcanic terrain: An inventory and assessment study for geopark and geotourism, Nemrut volcano (Bitlis, Eastern Turkey). Geoheritage, 13(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-021-00593-5
  • Europa. (2010). Twenty five European Destinations of Excellence in Aquatic Tourism, Erişilen Adres (10.11.2023): https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_10_1180
  • Fang,W., Gou, G.R., Cheung, L.T.O., Fok, L., Chow, A.S.Y. & Zhang, K. (2024). An Investigation of Willingness to Pay for Geopark Management and Conservation: A Case Study of Geotourists in the Greater China Region. Resources, 13, 24.
  • Farsani, N. T., de Carvalho, C. N. & Xu, K. (2018). Education as a key tenet of geotourism. In Handbook of geotourism (pp. 234-243). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785368868.00029 Fonseca Filho, R. E. (2020). The perception of geotourism by Park managers. Sociedade & Natureza, 32, 713–726. https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v32-2020-55027
  • Frey, M. L. (2021). Geotourism—Examining tools for sustainable development. Geosciences, 11(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010030
  • Galindo, I., Romero, C., Llorente, M., Rubio, J. C., Díaz, G. A., Sánchez, N., ... & Vegas, J. (2019). Geoheritage in the shallow submarine slopes of an oceanic volcanic edifice: a new option for diving geotourism, İçinde Mateo, E., Martínez-Frías, J. and Vegas, J. (Eds.) Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands Geopark: From Earth to Space. Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13130-2_6 Gordon, J. E. (2018). Geoheritage, geotourism and the cultural landscape: Enhancing the visitor experience and promoting geoconservation. Geosciences, 8(4), 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8040136
  • Griffin, L. L. & Ciuti, S. (2023). Should we feed wildlife? A call for further research into this recreational activity. Conservation Science and Practice, 5(7), e12958. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12958
  • Güngör, Y. & Angı, S. (2021). Kültürel jeoloji ve jeoturizm içerisinde jeolojik mirasın yeri. İçinde Er, S. (Ed.). Jeolojik Miras: Kavramlar, Mevzuat ve Uygulama Örnekleri (pp. 105-112), İstanbul: Pınar Yayınevi, Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, Erişilen Adres (23.12.2023): https://eski.jmo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/1fb2a2a78621fd7_ek.pdf?tipi=2&turu=H&sube=6
  • Haukeland, J. V., Fredman, P., Tyrväinen, L., Siegrist, D. & Lindberg, K. (2023). Prospects for nature-based tourism: identifying trends with commercial potential. Journal of Ecotourism, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2023.2178444 Hose, T. (1998). Mountains of fire from the present to the past-or effectively communicating the wonder of geology to tourists. Geologica Balcanica, 28, 77-86.
  • Kim, S. S., Kim, M., Park, J. & Guo, Y. (2008). Cave tourism: Tourists' characteristics, motivations to visit, and the segmentation of their behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(3), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660802280448
  • Kim, Y. (2011). The pilot study in qualitative inquiry: Identifying issues and learning lessons for culturally competent research. Qualitative Social Work, 10(2), 190-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325010362001
  • Kubalíková, L., Drápela, E., Kirchner, K., Bajer, A., Balková, M. & Kuda, F. (2021). Urban geotourism development and geoconservation: Is it possible to find a balance?. Environmental Science & Policy, 121, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.03.016
  • Kusumaningrum, D.A. & Wachyuni, S. S. (2020). The shifting trends in travelling after the COVID-19 pandemic, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Reviews, 7(2), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.724
  • Kuzucuoğlu, C., Çiner, A. & Kazancı, N. (2019). The geomorphological regions of Turkey. In: Kuzucuoğlu C, Çiner A, & Kazancı N (Eds.), Landscapes and landforms of Turkey. World Geomorphological Landscapes, (pp. 41–178). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03515-0_4
  • Larsen, H. G., & Adu, P. (2022). The theoretical framework in phenomenological research: Development and application. New York: Routledge.
  • Lanara, T., Xanthopoulou-Tsitsoni, V., Kostopoulou, S. & Tsitsoni, T.K. (2023). Geoparks and sustainable tourism development. the role of internet and social media. In: Kostopoulou, S., Herrera-Franco, G., Wood, J., Al-Kodmany, K. (eds), Cities’ Vocabularies and the Sustainable Development of the Silkroads. SRSTDCH 2021. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Cham: Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31027-0_20
  • Lugeri, F.R. & Farabollini, P. (2018). Discovering the Landscape by Cycling: A Geo-Touristic Experience through Italian Badlands. Geosciences, 8, 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080291
  • Marin, Q. S. J., Sanabria, H. Z. Y., Espinazo, J. A. P., Verde, B. N. S. R. & Martinez, T. N. (2023). Geotourism and the effects caused by solid waste in the tourist attraction of geological formations of Torre Torre –Huancayo, Peru. In: Baeyens, J., Dewil, R., Rossi, B., Deng, Y. (eds) Proceedings of 2022 4th International Conference on Environment Sciences and Renewable Energy. ESRE 2022. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9440-1_9
  • Martini, G., Alcalá, L., Brilha, J. B., Lantria, L., Sá, A. & Tourtellot, J. (2012). Reflections about the geotourism concept. In: Sá AA, Rocha D, Paz A and Correia V (eds), Proceedings of the 11 European Geoparks Conference. 19-21 September. AGA–Associação Geoparque Arouca, Arouca, pp 187–188. Erişilen Adres (28.11.2023): https://www.europeangeoparks.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/11th-EGN-Conference-Arouca-Geopark.pdf
  • Migoń, P. (2010). Geomorphological landscapes of the world. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Munajat, M., Avenzora, R., Darusman, D. & Basuni, S. (2022). Ecotourism pillars enforcement to geotourism destination in Slamet and Serayu Mountainous Areas, Central Java Province. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 28(1), 72-72. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.28.1.72
  • National Geographic. (2023). Geotourism. Erişilen Adres (18.11.2023): https://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps/topic/geotourism
  • Newsome, D., Dowling, R. & Leung, Y. F. (2012). The nature and management of geotourism: A case study of two established iconic geotourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2, 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2011.12.009
  • Norrish, L., Sanders, D. & Dowling, R. (2014). Geotourism product development and stakeholder perceptions: a case study of a proposed geotrail in Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 52-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.938654
  • NTV, (2020). Nemrut Krater Gölü'nde valiliğin durdurduğu inşaat yeniden başladı. Erişilen Adres (10.04.2024): https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/nemrut-krater-golunde-valiligin-durdurdugu-insaat-yeniden-basladi,1RTKBw26-ki8NbmnHzACww
  • Nyssen, J., Jacob, M. & Frankl. A. (2019). Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia’s tropical mountains, the Dogu’a Tembien District. Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3
  • Özdemir Uçgun G. & Narcı, M. T. (2022). The role of demographic factors in tourists’ sustainability consciousness, sustainable tourism awareness and purchasing behavior. Journal of Tourismology. 8(2), 215-37. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2022.8.2.1102495
  • Özgen, N. (2010). Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin doğal turizm potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve planlamaya yönelik öneriler. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 1407-1438.
  • Özsoy, M. (2010). Mt. Nemrud Caldera. In: Evelpidou, N., Figueiredo, T., Mauro, F., Tecim, V., Vassilopoulos, A. (eds) Natural Heritage from East to West. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01577-9_40
  • Patroni, J., Simpson, G. & Newsome, D. (2018). Feeding wild fish for tourism: a systematic quantitative literature review of impacts and management. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 286–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2180
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (2 b.). (M. BÜTÜN, & S. B. DEMİR (Ed.), Çev.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Penteriani, V., Lamamy, C., Kojola, I., Heikkinen, S., Bombieri, G. & del Mar Delgado, M. (2021). Does artificial feeding affect large carnivore behaviours? The case study of brown bears in a hunted and tourist exploited subpopulation. Biological Conservation, 254, 108949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108949
  • Penteriani, V., López-Bao, J. V., Bettega, C., Dalerum, F., del Mar Delgado, M., Jerina, K., Kojola, I., Krofel, M. & Ordiz, A. (2017). Consequences of brown bear viewing tourism: a review. Biological Conservation, 206, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.035
  • Pralong, J. (2006), Geotourism: a new form of tourism utilising natural landscapes and based on ımagination and emotion, Tourism Review, 61(3), pp. 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058476
  • Purwoko, A., Zaitunah, A., Samsura, D.A.A., Sibarani, R., Muda, I. & Faustina, C. (2023). Assessing the development potential, feasibility, and visitor assessment in the spinster site natural tourism area, Toba Caldera Global Geopark, Indonesia. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 49(3), 1075–1086. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.49323-110
  • Reynisdottir, M., Song, H. & Agrusa, J. (2008). Willingness to pay entrance fees to natural attractions: An Icelandic case study. Tourism Management, 29, 1076–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.02.016
  • RG, (2021). Resmi Gazete, 19 Ağustos 2021 (Sayı:31573). Erişilen Adres (09.05.2024): https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/08/20210819-11.pdf
  • Robinson, M. A. (2008). Geotourism: Who is the Geotourist?, Inaugural National Conference on Green Travel, Climate Change and Ecotourism, Adelaide SA. Erişilen Adres (08.05.2024): https://sustain.pata.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Geotourism.pdf
  • Ruban, D. A. & Ermolaev, V. A. (2020). Unique geology and climbing: a literature review. Geosciences, 10(7), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070259
  • Savgın, E. C. & Belli, S. (2017). Bitlis ilinin turizm çeşitliliğinin incelenmesi, International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3 (17), 1-13.
  • Schwarz S. & Migoń, P. (2017). When science and leisure meet: a geotourist itinerary in southern Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. In: Rabassa, R. (Ed) Advances in geomorphology and quaternary studies in Argentina. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 49–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54371-0_2
  • Senese, A., Pelfini, M., Maragno, D., Bollati, I. M., Fugazza, D., Vaghi, L., ... & Diolaiuti, G. A. (2023). The role of e-bike in discovering geodiversity and geoheritage. Sustainability, 15(6), 4979. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064979
  • Shahhoseini, H., Modabberi, S. & Shahabi, M. (2017). Study of factors influencing the attitude of local people toward geotourism development in Qeshm National Geopark, Iran. Geoheritage 9, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-015-0171-y
  • Slomka, T., & Mayer, W. (2010). Geotourism and geotourist education in Poland. In Geotourism: The Tourism of Geology and Landscape; Newsome, D., Dowling, R.K., Eds.; Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, (pp. 142–157).
  • Štrba, Ľ. (2019). Analysis of criteria affecting geosite visits by general public: a Case of Slovak (Geo)Tourists. Geoheritage, 11, 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-018-0283-2
  • Štrba, Ľ., Kolačkovská, J., Kudelas, D., Kršák, B. & Sidor, C. (2020). Geoheritage and geotourism contribution to tourism development in protected areas of Slovakia—theoretical considerations. Sustainability, 12(7), 2979. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072979
  • Stueve, A. M., Cook, S. D. & Drew, D. (2002). The geotourism study: phase 1 executive summary. National Geographic Traveler/TIA, 1-20. Erişilen Adres (17.10.2023): https://www.crt.state.la.us/downloads/Atchafalaya/GeoTourismStudy.pdf
  • Şener, B., Çeşmeci, N. & Kılıçhan R. (2023). Türkiye’deki jeoparkların çevrimiçi tanıtım faaliyetlerine yönelik bir değerlendirme. Journal of Global Tourism and Technology Research, 4(2), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.54493/jgttr.1353795
  • Tarimorman. (2023). Tabiat Anıtları, Erişilen Adres (18.12.2023): https://bolge14.tarimorman.gov.tr/Menu/36/Tabiat-Anitlari
  • Tomic, N. & Marjanovic, M. (2022). Towards a better understanding of motivation and constraints for domestic geotourists: the case of the middle and lower danube region in Serbia. Sustainability, 14, 3285. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063285
  • Tongkul, F. (2006). Geotourism in Malaysia Borneo. In Dowling, R. K. & Newsome, D. (Eds.). Geotourism, 26 – 41. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heineman.
  • Toyran, K., 2016. Predatory mammal species of Bitlis province (Mammalia: Carnivora). Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech., 6, 27-32.
  • Ulusoy, İ., Çubukçu, H. E., Aydar, E., Labazuy, P., Ersoy, O., Şen, E. & Gourgaud, A. (2012). Volcanological evolution and caldera forming eruptions of Mt. Nemrut (Eastern Turkey). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 245, 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.031
  • Ulusoy, İ., Labazuy, P., Aydar, E., Ersoy, O. & Çubukçu, E. (2008). Structure of the Nemrut caldera (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) and associated hydrothermal fluid circulation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal research, 174(4), 269-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.012
  • UNWTO, (2023). Sustainable development, Erişilen Adres (14.10.2023): https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development
  • Veal, A. J. (2018). Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism (5 b.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Welc, E. & Miśkiewicz, K. (2020). The concept of the geotourism potential and its practical application: a case study of the Prządki (the Spinners) Nature Reserve in the Carpathians, Poland. Resources, 9(12), 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9120145
  • Widawski, K., Jary, Z., Oleśniewicz, P., Owczarek, P., Markiewicz-Patkowska, J. & Zaręba, A. (2018a). Attractiveness of protected areas for geotourism purposes from the perspective of visitors: the example of Babiogórski National Park (Poland). Open Geosciences, 10(1), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0028
  • Widawski, K., Rozenkiewicz, A., Łach, J., Krzemińska, A. & Oleśniewicz, P. (2018b). Geotourism starts with accessible information: the Internet as a promotional tool for the georesources of Lower Silesia. Open Geosciences, 10(1), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0021
  • Yakupoğlu, T. & Özcan Selçuk, G. (2020). Nemrut Kalderası’nın (Bitlis/TÜRKİYE) jeopark potansiyeli. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 1-12.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (10. b.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 104 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sustainable Tourism
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nurulah Cihan Ağbay 0000-0001-9689-4608

Publication Date
Submission Date June 7, 2024
Acceptance Date September 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ağbay, N. C. (n.d.). Akademisyenlerin Jeoturizm Algısı: Nemrut Kalderasında Turizm üzerine Nitel Bir Değerlendirme. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 8(1), 90-112. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1497724

22039