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Çocuk Gözüyle Farklı Dünyalar Sunan Turistik Aile Tatillerinin Çocuğun Görsel Motor Algı Odaklı Bilişsel Gelişimine Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 243 - 253
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1521025

Abstract

Aile tatilleri, ebeveynlerin dünyayı çocuklarının henüz yorulmamış gözlerinden görmelerine olanak tanıdığı için değerlidir. Ayrıca, çocuklara kısa bir süre içinde yoğun deneyimler sunar. Tatillerin çocuklar üzerinde sosyal, fiziksel ve ruhsal açıdan olumlu etkileri artık geniş çapta kabul görmektedir. Bu çalışma, tatiller sırasında beynin zihin-beden koordinasyonu gerektiren faaliyetlere katıldığını, rutin dışındaki yeni koşullara uyum sağlamaya ve odaklanmaya çalıştığını ve bunun çocukların bilişsel gelişimini desteklediğini varsaymaktadır. Çalışmada, bağımsız değişkeni ölçmek için Bender-Gestalt Görsel Motor Algı Testi ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, rastgele seçilen 5 veya 6 yaşında 113 çocuktan oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, tatillerin ardından çocukların görsel-motor becerilerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak, bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Çalışmanın, farklı örneklem gruplarıyla tekrarlanan ölçümleri inceleyen ve iç geçerliliği sağlayan kontrollü örneklerle daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınması önerilmektedir.

References

  • Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1993). some considerations regarding theory and assessment relevant to attachment beyond infancy. In M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti and E.M. Cummings (Eds.). Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ahipasaoglu, H.S. (2018). The importance of child-friendly tourism congress. The Journal of Sivas Interdisciplinary Tourism Research, 1, 9-16.
  • Aksit-Asik, N. (2019). Factors affecting restaurant choices of families with children: The research in Izmir. Journal of Current Tourism Research, 3(1), 150-168.
  • Baskale, H., & Bahar, Z. (2008). A review of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development. DEUHYO ED, 1(2), 133-147.
  • Bender, L. (1938). A visual motor gestalt test and its clinical use. American Orthopsychiatric Association.
  • Blichfeldt, B.S. (2019). Family and child-friendly holidays: Existing and emerging research agendas. Journal of Sivas Interdisciplinary Tourism Research, 3, 7-38.
  • Buyukozturk, S., Kilic-Cakmak, E., Akgun, O.E., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel, F. (2024). Scientific research methods in education. 35. Edit, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. 6. Edit, London: Routledge.
  • Connell, J. (2006). Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and surgery. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1093-1100
  • Cuffy, V., Tribe, J., & Airey, D. (2012). Lifelong learning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1402–1424.
  • Dolnicar, S., Yamanandram, V., & Cliff, K. (2012). The contribution of vacations to quality of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 59-83.
  • Dorsey, S., Lucid, L., Murray, L., Bolton, P., Itemba, D., Manongi, R., & Whetten, K. (2015). A qualitative study of mental health problems among orphaned children and adolescents in Tanzania. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203(11), 864870.
  • Fawzy, N., & Fouad, A. (2010). Psychosocial and developmental status of orphanage children: Epidemiological study. Current Psychiatry, 17(2), 41-48.
  • Feng, X., & Li, M. (2016). Children tourism: A literature review. Tourism Tribune, 31(9), 61-71.
  • Fleming, R., & Purandare, N. (2010). Long-term care for people with dementia: Environmental design guidelines. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 1084–1096.
  • Frankel, J.R., & Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Gaugler, J.E., Yu, F., Davilla, H.W., & Shippee, T. (2014). Alzheimer’s disease and nursing homes. Health Affairs, 33(4), 650–657.
  • Kaler, S.R., & Freeman, B.J. (1994). Analyses of environmental deprivation: Cognitive and social development in Romanian orphans. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(4), 769-781.
  • Khoo-Lattimore, C., Prayag, G., & Cheah, B.L. (2015). Kids on board: Exploring the choice process and vacation needs of Asian parents with young children in resort hotels. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24 (5), 511–531.
  • Kotíková, H., & Schwartzhoffová, E. (2016). Children’s camps as a tourism product –A Case study. Czech Journal of Tourism, 5 (2), 189–202.
  • Labrecque, J., & Ricard, L. (2001). Children’s influence on family decision-making: A restaurant study. Journal of Business Research, 54, 173–176.
  • McKenzie, R.B. (2003). The impact of orphanages on the alumni’s lives and assessments of their childhoods. Children and Youth Services Review, 25(9), 703–753.
  • Meremikwu, A., Ekwueme, C., & Odigwe, F. (2013). Mainstreaming child-friendly tourism education: Issues in curriculum and instruction. In Geotourism: 32nd Annual ISTTE Conference, R. Baker (Ed.).
  • Morison, S.J., Ames, E.W., & Chisholm, K. (1995). The development of children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 411-430.
  • Niemczyk, A. (2015). Family decisions on the tourist market. Economics and Sociology, 8(3), 272-283.
  • Noronha, A.P.P., Angeli dos Santos, A.A., Marín Rueda, F.J., Otoni, F., Ferraz, A.S., Lima Costa, A.R., Zuanazzia, A.C. & Araújo Jesuíno, A.D.S. (2020). Correction systems of the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test: A systematic mapping of the literature. Liberabit, 26(2), e392.
  • O’Sullivan, J., & McMahon, M.F. (2006). Who will care for me? The debate of orphanages versus foster care. Policy Politics & Nursing Practice, 7(2), 142–148.
  • Packer, J. (2021). Taking a break: Exploring the restorative benefits of short breaks and vacations. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 2(1), 100032.
  • Pasnak, R., McCutcheon, L., Holt, R., & Campbell, J.W. (1991). Cognitive and achievement gains for kindergartners instructed in Piagetian operations. The Journal of Educational Research, 85(1), 5–13.
  • Perry, B.D. (1994). The Post-Traumatic response in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17(2), 311 – 326.
  • Piaget, J. (2007). The language and thought of the child. (Tra: S, E, Siyavusgil). Ankara: Palme Publishing.
  • Plagman, A., Hoscheidt, S., Mclimans, K.E., Klinedinst, B., Pappas, C., & Anantharam, V. (2019). Neurobiology of aging cholecystokinin and Alzheimer’s disease: A biomarker of metabolic function, neural integrity, and cognitive performance. Neurobiol Aging. 76, 201–7.
  • Przetacznikowa, M. (1967). Rozwój psychiczny dzieci i młodzieży. Warszawa: PZWS.
  • Rhoden, S., Hunter-Jones, P., & Miller, A. (2016). Tourism experiences through the eyes of a child. Annal of Leisure Research, 19(4), 424-443.
  • Rhodes, R.L., Whitten, J.D., & Copeland, E.P. (1997). Early intervention with at-risk Hispanic students: Effectiveness of the acceleration program in developing Piagetian intellectual processes. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65, 318–328.
  • Schierkolk, N.Y. (2019). Protection of child rights in the tourism sector handbook. International Children’s Center, Ankara.
  • Singh, A., & Suvidha. (2016). Well, being of an orphan: A review on their mental health status. Science and Technology, 2(5), 2395-6011.
  • Somer, O. (1988). A study on the developmental Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Perception Test for children: Norm, Validity and Reliability Study in the Izmir city sample. Master Thesis, Ege University, Social Sciences Institute: Izmir.
  • Srnec, T., Lončarić, D., & Perišić Prodan, M. (2016). Family vacation decision-making process: Evidence from Croatia. Tourism and Hospitality Industry Conference, Proceedings Book, 432-445.
  • Suryawijaya, T.W.E. (2023). Child-friendly tourism: Keys to sustainable tourism cities. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 3(2), 59-62.
  • Taner, B. (2019). Child friendly community and child friendly tourism: What kind of a relationship. The Journal of Sivas Interdisciplinary Tourism Research, 3, 47-62.
  • Ural, A., & Kilic, I., (2011). Scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS. Detay Publishing, Ankara. Vogt, W.P., Gardner, D.C., & Haeffele, L.M. (2012). When to use what research design. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Weitzman, C.C. (2003). Developmental assessment of the internationally adopted child: Challenges and rewards. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8(3), 303-313.
  • Wen, J., Zheng, D., Hou, H., Phau, I., & Wang, W. (2022). Tourism as a dementia treatment based on positive psychology. Tourism Management, 92, 104556.
  • Wolff, P.H., & Fesseha, G. (1998). The orphans of Eritrea: Are orphanages part of the problem or part of the solution? American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1319–1324.
  • Wu, M. Y., Wall, G., Zu, Y., & Ying, T. (2019). Chinese children's family tourism experiences. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 166–175.
  • Ying L., K.P. (2010). Emotional design for hotel stay experiences: Research guest emotions and design opportunities. (PhD Thesis). The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

The Effects of Tourist Family Vacations, Which Offer Different Worlds Through the Eyes of Children, on the Visual-Motor Perception-Focused Cognitive Development of the Child

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 243 - 253
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1521025

Abstract

Family vacations are valuable because they allow parents to see the world through their children's not-yet-tired eyes. Furthermore, they provide children with intense experiences in a short period of time. The positive social, physical, and spiritual effects of vacations for children are now widely accepted. This study hypothesizes that the brain engages in activities that require mind-body coordination and works to adapt to and focus on new conditions outside of the routine during vacations, and this supports the cognitive development of children. The Bender-Gestalt Visual Motor Perception Test was applied as a pretest and posttest to measure the independent variable with the study’s participants including 113 randomly selected children 5 or 6 years of age. The results indicated a statistically significant increase in children's visual-motor skills in terms of the independent variable. However, this increase was not found to be statistically significant. It has been suggested that the study should be detailed with controlled samples, examining repeated measures that ensure internal validity with different sample groups and a strong independent variable.

References

  • Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1993). some considerations regarding theory and assessment relevant to attachment beyond infancy. In M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti and E.M. Cummings (Eds.). Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Ahipasaoglu, H.S. (2018). The importance of child-friendly tourism congress. The Journal of Sivas Interdisciplinary Tourism Research, 1, 9-16.
  • Aksit-Asik, N. (2019). Factors affecting restaurant choices of families with children: The research in Izmir. Journal of Current Tourism Research, 3(1), 150-168.
  • Baskale, H., & Bahar, Z. (2008). A review of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development. DEUHYO ED, 1(2), 133-147.
  • Bender, L. (1938). A visual motor gestalt test and its clinical use. American Orthopsychiatric Association.
  • Blichfeldt, B.S. (2019). Family and child-friendly holidays: Existing and emerging research agendas. Journal of Sivas Interdisciplinary Tourism Research, 3, 7-38.
  • Buyukozturk, S., Kilic-Cakmak, E., Akgun, O.E., Karadeniz, S., & Demirel, F. (2024). Scientific research methods in education. 35. Edit, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. 6. Edit, London: Routledge.
  • Connell, J. (2006). Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and surgery. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1093-1100
  • Cuffy, V., Tribe, J., & Airey, D. (2012). Lifelong learning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1402–1424.
  • Dolnicar, S., Yamanandram, V., & Cliff, K. (2012). The contribution of vacations to quality of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 59-83.
  • Dorsey, S., Lucid, L., Murray, L., Bolton, P., Itemba, D., Manongi, R., & Whetten, K. (2015). A qualitative study of mental health problems among orphaned children and adolescents in Tanzania. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203(11), 864870.
  • Fawzy, N., & Fouad, A. (2010). Psychosocial and developmental status of orphanage children: Epidemiological study. Current Psychiatry, 17(2), 41-48.
  • Feng, X., & Li, M. (2016). Children tourism: A literature review. Tourism Tribune, 31(9), 61-71.
  • Fleming, R., & Purandare, N. (2010). Long-term care for people with dementia: Environmental design guidelines. International Psychogeriatrics, 22, 1084–1096.
  • Frankel, J.R., & Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Gaugler, J.E., Yu, F., Davilla, H.W., & Shippee, T. (2014). Alzheimer’s disease and nursing homes. Health Affairs, 33(4), 650–657.
  • Kaler, S.R., & Freeman, B.J. (1994). Analyses of environmental deprivation: Cognitive and social development in Romanian orphans. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(4), 769-781.
  • Khoo-Lattimore, C., Prayag, G., & Cheah, B.L. (2015). Kids on board: Exploring the choice process and vacation needs of Asian parents with young children in resort hotels. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24 (5), 511–531.
  • Kotíková, H., & Schwartzhoffová, E. (2016). Children’s camps as a tourism product –A Case study. Czech Journal of Tourism, 5 (2), 189–202.
  • Labrecque, J., & Ricard, L. (2001). Children’s influence on family decision-making: A restaurant study. Journal of Business Research, 54, 173–176.
  • McKenzie, R.B. (2003). The impact of orphanages on the alumni’s lives and assessments of their childhoods. Children and Youth Services Review, 25(9), 703–753.
  • Meremikwu, A., Ekwueme, C., & Odigwe, F. (2013). Mainstreaming child-friendly tourism education: Issues in curriculum and instruction. In Geotourism: 32nd Annual ISTTE Conference, R. Baker (Ed.).
  • Morison, S.J., Ames, E.W., & Chisholm, K. (1995). The development of children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 411-430.
  • Niemczyk, A. (2015). Family decisions on the tourist market. Economics and Sociology, 8(3), 272-283.
  • Noronha, A.P.P., Angeli dos Santos, A.A., Marín Rueda, F.J., Otoni, F., Ferraz, A.S., Lima Costa, A.R., Zuanazzia, A.C. & Araújo Jesuíno, A.D.S. (2020). Correction systems of the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test: A systematic mapping of the literature. Liberabit, 26(2), e392.
  • O’Sullivan, J., & McMahon, M.F. (2006). Who will care for me? The debate of orphanages versus foster care. Policy Politics & Nursing Practice, 7(2), 142–148.
  • Packer, J. (2021). Taking a break: Exploring the restorative benefits of short breaks and vacations. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 2(1), 100032.
  • Pasnak, R., McCutcheon, L., Holt, R., & Campbell, J.W. (1991). Cognitive and achievement gains for kindergartners instructed in Piagetian operations. The Journal of Educational Research, 85(1), 5–13.
  • Perry, B.D. (1994). The Post-Traumatic response in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17(2), 311 – 326.
  • Piaget, J. (2007). The language and thought of the child. (Tra: S, E, Siyavusgil). Ankara: Palme Publishing.
  • Plagman, A., Hoscheidt, S., Mclimans, K.E., Klinedinst, B., Pappas, C., & Anantharam, V. (2019). Neurobiology of aging cholecystokinin and Alzheimer’s disease: A biomarker of metabolic function, neural integrity, and cognitive performance. Neurobiol Aging. 76, 201–7.
  • Przetacznikowa, M. (1967). Rozwój psychiczny dzieci i młodzieży. Warszawa: PZWS.
  • Rhoden, S., Hunter-Jones, P., & Miller, A. (2016). Tourism experiences through the eyes of a child. Annal of Leisure Research, 19(4), 424-443.
  • Rhodes, R.L., Whitten, J.D., & Copeland, E.P. (1997). Early intervention with at-risk Hispanic students: Effectiveness of the acceleration program in developing Piagetian intellectual processes. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65, 318–328.
  • Schierkolk, N.Y. (2019). Protection of child rights in the tourism sector handbook. International Children’s Center, Ankara.
  • Singh, A., & Suvidha. (2016). Well, being of an orphan: A review on their mental health status. Science and Technology, 2(5), 2395-6011.
  • Somer, O. (1988). A study on the developmental Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Perception Test for children: Norm, Validity and Reliability Study in the Izmir city sample. Master Thesis, Ege University, Social Sciences Institute: Izmir.
  • Srnec, T., Lončarić, D., & Perišić Prodan, M. (2016). Family vacation decision-making process: Evidence from Croatia. Tourism and Hospitality Industry Conference, Proceedings Book, 432-445.
  • Suryawijaya, T.W.E. (2023). Child-friendly tourism: Keys to sustainable tourism cities. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 3(2), 59-62.
  • Taner, B. (2019). Child friendly community and child friendly tourism: What kind of a relationship. The Journal of Sivas Interdisciplinary Tourism Research, 3, 47-62.
  • Ural, A., & Kilic, I., (2011). Scientific research process and data analysis with SPSS. Detay Publishing, Ankara. Vogt, W.P., Gardner, D.C., & Haeffele, L.M. (2012). When to use what research design. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Weitzman, C.C. (2003). Developmental assessment of the internationally adopted child: Challenges and rewards. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8(3), 303-313.
  • Wen, J., Zheng, D., Hou, H., Phau, I., & Wang, W. (2022). Tourism as a dementia treatment based on positive psychology. Tourism Management, 92, 104556.
  • Wolff, P.H., & Fesseha, G. (1998). The orphans of Eritrea: Are orphanages part of the problem or part of the solution? American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1319–1324.
  • Wu, M. Y., Wall, G., Zu, Y., & Ying, T. (2019). Chinese children's family tourism experiences. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 166–175.
  • Ying L., K.P. (2010). Emotional design for hotel stay experiences: Research guest emotions and design opportunities. (PhD Thesis). The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Miray Özözen Danacı 0000-0002-6993-9038

Nihan Özkan 0000-0002-9574-7961

Publication Date
Submission Date July 23, 2024
Acceptance Date October 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özözen Danacı, M., & Özkan, N. (n.d.). The Effects of Tourist Family Vacations, Which Offer Different Worlds Through the Eyes of Children, on the Visual-Motor Perception-Focused Cognitive Development of the Child. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 8(1), 243-253. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1521025

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