Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Turist Rehberlerinin Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlarının Belirlenmesi: Öz Belirleme Teorisi Bağlamında Bir Araştırma

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 466 - 483, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1638782

Abstract

Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar bireylerin doğuştan sahip olduğu temel ihtiyaçlar olarak bilinmektedir ve bu ihtiyaçların giderilmesi birçok psikolojik faktörü etkileyebilmektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı macera turist rehberliği hizmeti veren bireylerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca macera turlarında yer alan turist rehberlerinin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının karşılanma/ karşılanmama düzeyi belirlenmek istenerek, macera turlarını seçim nedenlerinin ortaya konması istenmektedir. Bu kapsamda veriler, Ekim 2022 yılında macera turlarında aktif olarak görev alan ve çalışma kartına sahip 20 macera turist rehberlerinden çevrim içi olarak hazırlanmış yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; macera rehberlerinin macera aktiviteleri esnasında temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıkları belirlenmiştir. Macera turist rehberlerinin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları özerklik teması altında kendini yönetebilme, aktiviteleri yönetebilme, yaşamdan keyif alma, özgürlük hissi, pozitif duygulanım; yeterlik teması altında kendini geliştirme, kendini yeterli hissetme, çevre ile pozitif ilişkiler kurabilme, problem çözme becerisi; ilişkili olma teması altında yakın ilişkiler kurabilme, ortak ilgi alanlarına sahip olma, bağlantılı olma şeklinde kodlar elde edilmiştir.

References

  • Andersen, S. (2000). Fundamental human needs: making social cognition relevant. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 4, 269-276.
  • Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River magic: extraordinary experiences and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20,1, 24–45.
  • Arnould, E., Price, L., & Otnes, C. (1999). Making magic consumption: a study of whitewater river rafting. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 28, 33–68.
  • Beedie, P. (2003). Mountain guiding and adventure tourism: reflections on the choreography of the experience. Leisure Studies, 22, 147–167. doi:10.1080/026143603200068991.
  • Beedie, P., & Hudson, S. (2003). Emergence of mountain-based adventure tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30,3, 625–643. doi:10.1016/S0160 7383(03)00043-4.
  • Billett, S. (2009). Workplace Competence: Integrating Social and Personal Perspectives. C.R. Velde (Ed.). International Perspectives on Competence in the Workplace: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice. pp. 33-54.
  • Buckley, R. (2010). Adventure tourism management. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Budak, S. (2000). Psikoloji sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayinlari.
  • Çankaya, Z. C. (2009). Özerklik desteği, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu ve öznel iyi olma: öz-belirleme kuramı, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4, 23-31.
  • Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Duriez, B., Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39,2, 216–236.
  • Deci, E., Connell, J. & Ryan, R. (1989). Selfdetermination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74,4, 580-590.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7,
  • Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2006). Self determination theory: an approach to human motivation and personality. http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/.adresinden erişildi.
  • Deci, E. & Ryan, R. (2008). Self-determination theory: a macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49,3, 182-185.
  • Deci, E., Ryan, R., Gagne, M, Lronr, D., Usunov, J. & Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation and well-being in the work organizasions of a former esatern bloc country: a cross-cultural study of self determination. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 27,8, 930-942.
  • Decrop, A. (2004). Trustworthiness in Qualitative Tourism Research. Jenny Phillimore & Lisa Goodson (Ed.), içinde Qualitative Research in Tourism (s. 156-159), Londra: Routledge.
  • Dinçer, A., Yeşilyurt, S., Noels, A. k. & Lascano, V.D. (2019). Self-Determination and Classroom Engagement of EFL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Self-System Model of Motivational Development. SAGE Open.1-15. April-June. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019853913.
  • Dönmez, G. (2017). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersine, bilime, fen bilimleri öğretmenine ve bilim insanına yönelik metaforik algıları ve imajları (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Fabrizio, N., (2014). Adventure tourism management. Page Universty, Honor College Theses, New York. Glasser, W. (1992). The quality school: managing students without coercion. New York: Harperperennial.
  • Günaydın, Y., & Kozak, M. (2022). Pandemi sürecinde turistlerin karar verme davranışları ve tatil deneyimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Tüketici ve Tüketim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 107-14
  • Hennessey, B. (2000). Self-determination theory and the social psychology of creativity. Psychological Inquiry, 11,4, 293-299.
  • Hudson, S. (2003). Sport and adventure tourism. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press.
  • Inglewed, D., Markland, D., Sheppard, K. (2004). Personality and self-determination of exercise behaviour. Personality And Individual Differences, 36, 1921-1932.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1,1, 62-80.
  • Kaya, U. & Özhan, Ç. K. (2012). Duygusal emek ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi: turist rehberleri üzerine bir araştırma, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 3,2, 109-130.
  • Kozan, G. Y., Özdemir, S. S. & Günlü, E. (2014). Turizm yazında “deniz turizmi”nin olgusal gelişimi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 6,2, 115-129.
  • Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow: Contributions from self-determination theory, Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 355-368.
  • Mutz, M., & Müller, J. (2016). Mental health benefits of outdoor adventures: results from two pilot studies. Journal of Adolescence, 49, 105–114.
  • Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering Adventure tourists: A conceptual framework for research. Tourism Management, 27 ,1, 113-123.
  • Priest, S., & Gass, M. A. (2005). Effective leadership in adventure programming (2nded.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Reis, H., Sheldon, K., Gable, S., Roscoe, J., Ryan, R. (2000). Daily well-being: the role of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 26,4, 419-435.
  • Rokenes, A. Schumann S. & Rose, J. (2015). The art of guiding in nature-based adventure tourism – how guides can create client value and positive experiences on mountain bike and backcountry ski tours, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15,1, 62-82, DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2015.1061733.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of ıntrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist, 55, 1, 68-78.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006).Self-regulation and the problem of humanautonomy: does psychology need choice,self-determination, and will?,” Journal of Personality, 74, 6, 1557-1586.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: basic psychological needs inmotivation, development, and wellness. Guilford.
  • Severinsson, E. (2003). Moral stress and burnout: qualitative content analysis, Nursing and Health Sciences, 5, 59-66.
  • Sheldon, K. M. & Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological needs and subjective well-being in social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 25-38.
  • Williams, G., Saizow, R., Ryan, R. (1999). The importance of self-determination theory for medical education. Academic Medicine, 74,9, 992-995.
  • Williams, G., Frankel, B., Campbell, D. & Deci, E. (2000). Research on relationshipcentered care and healthcare outcomes from the rochester biopsychosocial program: a self-determination theory integration. The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 18,1, 79-91.
  • Vlachopoulos, S. P., & Michailidou, S. (2006). Development and ınitial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: the basic psychological needs in exercise scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 10,3, 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee1003_4
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi. Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Mackenzi, S. H., Boudreau, P. & Raymond, E. (2020). Women’s adventure tour guiding experiences: ımplications for well-being. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 410-418
  • Buckley, R. (2007). ‘’Adventure tourism products: price, duration, size, skill, remoteness’’ Tourism Management, 28,6, 1428-33.
  • Butler, R. W., & Waldbrook, L. A. (1991). A new planning tool: The tourism opportunity spectrum. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 2,1, 4-14.
  • Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2005). Öz belirleme modeli: özerklik desteği, ihtiyaç doyumu ve iyi olma. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Çetin, G., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2012). Türk turizminde kokartlı turist rehberlerin mevcut durumunun analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi, 14, 2, 307-318.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). Araştırma Deseni Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. (Çev. Ed. Demir. S. B.) Eğiten Kitap, Ankara.
  • Güler, A., Halıcıoğlu, M. B. ve Taşğın S. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., Boudreau, P. & Raymond, E. (2020). Women’s adventure tour guiding experiences: ımplications for well-being. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 410-418
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., & Kerr, J. H. (2013). Stress and emotions at work: Adventure tourism guiding experiences in South America. Tourism Management, 36, 3–14.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., & Kerr, J. H. (2014). The psychological experience of river guiding: Exploring the protective frame and implications for guide well-being. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 19,1, 5–27.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S. & Raymond, E. (2020). A conceptual model of adventure tour guide well-being. Elsevier Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102977, 1-14.
  • Yıldız, R., Kuşluvan, S. ve Şenyurt, Y. (1997). Turist rehberliği öğretiminde yeni bir model: Nevşehir turist rehberliği bölümü programı ve değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Nevşehir Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu Hafta Sonu Semineri IV, 9-14
  • Yıldız, R., Kuşluvan, S. ve Şenyurt, Y. (1997). Turist rehberliği öğretiminde yeni bir model: Nevşehir turist rehberliği bölümü programı ve değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Nevşehir Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu Hafta Sonu Semineri IV, 9-14

Reasons For Choosing of Adventure Tourist Guiding: A Research on Tourist Guides Within the Context of Self-Determination Theory

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 466 - 483, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1638782

Abstract

Basic psychological needs are considered fundamental necessities inherently possessed by individuals from birth, and the fulfillment of these needs can influence a wide range of psychological factors. The primary aim of this study is to identify the basic psychological needs of individuals who provide adventure tourist guiding services. Data were collected in October 2022 from 20 certified adventure tourist guides actively working in adventure tours, using a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal that adventure guides are able to satisfy their basic psychological needs during adventure activities. These needs were categorized under three main themes: under the theme of autonomy, codes such as self-regulation, managing activities, deriving pleasure from life, experiencing a sense of freedom, and positive affect were identified; under the theme of competence, codes included self-development, feeling competent, building positive relationships with the environment, and problem-solving skills; and under the theme of relatedness, codes such as forming close relationships, having shared interests, and feeling connected were obtained.

References

  • Andersen, S. (2000). Fundamental human needs: making social cognition relevant. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 4, 269-276.
  • Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River magic: extraordinary experiences and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20,1, 24–45.
  • Arnould, E., Price, L., & Otnes, C. (1999). Making magic consumption: a study of whitewater river rafting. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 28, 33–68.
  • Beedie, P. (2003). Mountain guiding and adventure tourism: reflections on the choreography of the experience. Leisure Studies, 22, 147–167. doi:10.1080/026143603200068991.
  • Beedie, P., & Hudson, S. (2003). Emergence of mountain-based adventure tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30,3, 625–643. doi:10.1016/S0160 7383(03)00043-4.
  • Billett, S. (2009). Workplace Competence: Integrating Social and Personal Perspectives. C.R. Velde (Ed.). International Perspectives on Competence in the Workplace: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice. pp. 33-54.
  • Buckley, R. (2010). Adventure tourism management. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Budak, S. (2000). Psikoloji sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayinlari.
  • Çankaya, Z. C. (2009). Özerklik desteği, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu ve öznel iyi olma: öz-belirleme kuramı, Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4, 23-31.
  • Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Duriez, B., Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39,2, 216–236.
  • Deci, E., Connell, J. & Ryan, R. (1989). Selfdetermination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74,4, 580-590.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7,
  • Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2006). Self determination theory: an approach to human motivation and personality. http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/.adresinden erişildi.
  • Deci, E. & Ryan, R. (2008). Self-determination theory: a macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49,3, 182-185.
  • Deci, E., Ryan, R., Gagne, M, Lronr, D., Usunov, J. & Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation and well-being in the work organizasions of a former esatern bloc country: a cross-cultural study of self determination. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 27,8, 930-942.
  • Decrop, A. (2004). Trustworthiness in Qualitative Tourism Research. Jenny Phillimore & Lisa Goodson (Ed.), içinde Qualitative Research in Tourism (s. 156-159), Londra: Routledge.
  • Dinçer, A., Yeşilyurt, S., Noels, A. k. & Lascano, V.D. (2019). Self-Determination and Classroom Engagement of EFL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Self-System Model of Motivational Development. SAGE Open.1-15. April-June. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019853913.
  • Dönmez, G. (2017). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin fen bilimleri dersine, bilime, fen bilimleri öğretmenine ve bilim insanına yönelik metaforik algıları ve imajları (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın.
  • Fabrizio, N., (2014). Adventure tourism management. Page Universty, Honor College Theses, New York. Glasser, W. (1992). The quality school: managing students without coercion. New York: Harperperennial.
  • Günaydın, Y., & Kozak, M. (2022). Pandemi sürecinde turistlerin karar verme davranışları ve tatil deneyimleri üzerine bir araştırma. Tüketici ve Tüketim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 107-14
  • Hennessey, B. (2000). Self-determination theory and the social psychology of creativity. Psychological Inquiry, 11,4, 293-299.
  • Hudson, S. (2003). Sport and adventure tourism. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press.
  • Inglewed, D., Markland, D., Sheppard, K. (2004). Personality and self-determination of exercise behaviour. Personality And Individual Differences, 36, 1921-1932.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1,1, 62-80.
  • Kaya, U. & Özhan, Ç. K. (2012). Duygusal emek ve tükenmişlik ilişkisi: turist rehberleri üzerine bir araştırma, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 3,2, 109-130.
  • Kozan, G. Y., Özdemir, S. S. & Günlü, E. (2014). Turizm yazında “deniz turizmi”nin olgusal gelişimi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 6,2, 115-129.
  • Kowal, J., & Fortier, M. S. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow: Contributions from self-determination theory, Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 355-368.
  • Mutz, M., & Müller, J. (2016). Mental health benefits of outdoor adventures: results from two pilot studies. Journal of Adolescence, 49, 105–114.
  • Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering Adventure tourists: A conceptual framework for research. Tourism Management, 27 ,1, 113-123.
  • Priest, S., & Gass, M. A. (2005). Effective leadership in adventure programming (2nded.). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Reis, H., Sheldon, K., Gable, S., Roscoe, J., Ryan, R. (2000). Daily well-being: the role of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 26,4, 419-435.
  • Rokenes, A. Schumann S. & Rose, J. (2015). The art of guiding in nature-based adventure tourism – how guides can create client value and positive experiences on mountain bike and backcountry ski tours, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15,1, 62-82, DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2015.1061733.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of ıntrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist, 55, 1, 68-78.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006).Self-regulation and the problem of humanautonomy: does psychology need choice,self-determination, and will?,” Journal of Personality, 74, 6, 1557-1586.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: basic psychological needs inmotivation, development, and wellness. Guilford.
  • Severinsson, E. (2003). Moral stress and burnout: qualitative content analysis, Nursing and Health Sciences, 5, 59-66.
  • Sheldon, K. M. & Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological needs and subjective well-being in social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 25-38.
  • Williams, G., Saizow, R., Ryan, R. (1999). The importance of self-determination theory for medical education. Academic Medicine, 74,9, 992-995.
  • Williams, G., Frankel, B., Campbell, D. & Deci, E. (2000). Research on relationshipcentered care and healthcare outcomes from the rochester biopsychosocial program: a self-determination theory integration. The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 18,1, 79-91.
  • Vlachopoulos, S. P., & Michailidou, S. (2006). Development and ınitial validation of a measure of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in exercise: the basic psychological needs in exercise scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 10,3, 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee1003_4
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi. Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Mackenzi, S. H., Boudreau, P. & Raymond, E. (2020). Women’s adventure tour guiding experiences: ımplications for well-being. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 410-418
  • Buckley, R. (2007). ‘’Adventure tourism products: price, duration, size, skill, remoteness’’ Tourism Management, 28,6, 1428-33.
  • Butler, R. W., & Waldbrook, L. A. (1991). A new planning tool: The tourism opportunity spectrum. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 2,1, 4-14.
  • Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2005). Öz belirleme modeli: özerklik desteği, ihtiyaç doyumu ve iyi olma. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Çetin, G., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2012). Türk turizminde kokartlı turist rehberlerin mevcut durumunun analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergisi, 14, 2, 307-318.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). Araştırma Deseni Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları. (Çev. Ed. Demir. S. B.) Eğiten Kitap, Ankara.
  • Güler, A., Halıcıoğlu, M. B. ve Taşğın S. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., Boudreau, P. & Raymond, E. (2020). Women’s adventure tour guiding experiences: ımplications for well-being. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 410-418
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., & Kerr, J. H. (2013). Stress and emotions at work: Adventure tourism guiding experiences in South America. Tourism Management, 36, 3–14.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., & Kerr, J. H. (2014). The psychological experience of river guiding: Exploring the protective frame and implications for guide well-being. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 19,1, 5–27.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S. & Raymond, E. (2020). A conceptual model of adventure tour guide well-being. Elsevier Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102977, 1-14.
  • Yıldız, R., Kuşluvan, S. ve Şenyurt, Y. (1997). Turist rehberliği öğretiminde yeni bir model: Nevşehir turist rehberliği bölümü programı ve değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Nevşehir Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu Hafta Sonu Semineri IV, 9-14
  • Yıldız, R., Kuşluvan, S. ve Şenyurt, Y. (1997). Turist rehberliği öğretiminde yeni bir model: Nevşehir turist rehberliği bölümü programı ve değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Nevşehir Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu Hafta Sonu Semineri IV, 9-14
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seçkin Eser Gürsoy 0000-0001-9972-5818

Semra Kılınçoğlu 0009-0000-2666-6239

Publication Date July 31, 2025
Submission Date February 12, 2025
Acceptance Date April 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eser Gürsoy, S., & Kılınçoğlu, S. (2025). Turist Rehberlerinin Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlarının Belirlenmesi: Öz Belirleme Teorisi Bağlamında Bir Araştırma. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 8(2), 466-483. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1638782

22039