Mutlak monarşiye laik savunma: Tevratın canavarı Leviathan

Abstract

Thomas Hobbes’un devlet felsefesinin şekillenmesinde, dönemin bilimsel düşüncesinin ve kanlı İngiliz İç Savaşı’nın çok büyük etkisi vardır. O, matematiksel bilgiyi gerçeğe ulaşmanın yegâne yolu olarak görüyordu ve İngiliz İç Savaşı’nın en önemli nedeninin din ve din sınıfı olduğuna inanıyordu. Bu nedenle devlet felsefesini bilimsel ve laik bir temel üzerine inşa etti. Önerdiği devlet modeli dinin ve din sınıfının kontrol altına alındığı bir mutlak monarşiydi. Fakat Hobbes’un egemenliğin kaynağı, din ve din sınıfı hakkında ileri sürdüğü düşünceler onu önceki mutlak monarşi taraftarından ayırır. Çünkü o, önceki mutlak monarşi taraftarlarından farklı olarak, mutlak monarşiye “dini gerekçelerle” “din dışı” bir savunma getirmiş ve egemenliğin kaynağının Tanrı değil sözleşme olduğunu ileri sürerek laikliğin tohumlarını ekmiştir

Keywords

• Laik Devlet, Laik Monarşi, Hobbes, Leviathan, Doğa Durumu

Secular Defense for Absolutism: Torah’s Monster Leviathan

Abstract

The new scientific thought and bloody English Civil War have a strong influence on Thomas Hobbes's political philosophy. He believed that mathematical knowledge is the only way to reach the truth and the most important cause of English Civil War was religion and religious class. Therefore, he constructed his political philosophy on a scientific and secular base. State model proposed by him was an absolute monarchy that religion and religious class were under control. But Hobbes’s thoughts on source of sovereignty, religion and religious class distinguish him from the other absolutist thinkers. Because he (differently from previous supporters of absolute monarcy) brought a secular defence to absolutism by applying religious reasons and planted seeds of secularism by stating that the source of monarch’s power is social contract, not God

Keywords

• Secular State, Secular Monarchy, Hobbes, Leviathan, State of Nature

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