Research Article

The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom

Volume: 64 Number: 1 May 31, 2023
EN TR

The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom

Abstract

According to the logical problem of evil, the co-existence of evil and the theistic God who is considered to be omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent is impossible. The fact that our world contains evils invalidates the existence of the theistic God. A libertarian theistic response to this problem, the free will defense, holds that if God actually has or could have a sufficient reason to actualize a world containing evils, the problem fails. This good reason, according to the defense, might be significant freedom, the freedom to choose between moral good and evil. Yujin Nagasawa, Graham Oppy, and Nick Trakakis, however, approach this debate from a different angle and argue that the traditional theistic view of heaven is a problem for this theistic response when we ask whether there is freedom in heaven. They contend that if the inhabitants of heaven do not have significant freedom, free will cannot be a great good that gives God a good reason to create a world containing evils. Thus, the free will defense fails. In this paper, I claim that this is mistaken. I argue that even though the inhabitants of heaven are not free in the most robust sense (i.e. they are no longer capable of sinning), this does not show that significant freedom is not a great good that justifies God’s creating a world containing evils.

Keywords

References

  1. Davis, Stephen T. “Free Will and Evil.” In Encountering Evil: Live Options In Theodicy, edited by Stephen T. Davis, 73-107. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
  2. Kraay, Klaas J. “Creation, Actualization and God’s Choice among Possible Worlds.” Philosophy Compass 3:4 (2008): 854–872.
  3. Nagasawa, Yujin, Graham Oppy, and Nick Trakakis. “Salvation In Heaven?.” Philosophical Papers 33:1 (2004): 95-117.
  4. Pawl, Timothy, and Kevin Timpe. “Incompatibilism, Sin, and Free Will in Heaven.” Faith and Philosophy 26:4 (2009): 398-419.
  5. Plantinga, Alvin. God, Freedom, and Evil. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1977.
  6. Plantinga, Alvin. The Nature of Necessity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
  7. Plantinga, Alvin. “Which Worlds Could God have Created?.” The Journal of Philosophy 70:17 (1973): 539-552.
  8. Plantinga, Alvin. “Will There Be Free Will in Heaven?.” YouTube video, 1:22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWsDZzTIWhw (28.02.2023).

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Philosophy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 31, 2023

Submission Date

February 28, 2023

Acceptance Date

May 25, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 64 Number: 1

APA
Taşkın, F. (2023). The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 64(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1258091
AMA
1.Taşkın F. The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom. AUIFD. 2023;64(1):121-135. doi:10.33227/auifd.1258091
Chicago
Taşkın, Ferhat. 2023. “The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 64 (1): 121-35. https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1258091.
EndNote
Taşkın F (May 1, 2023) The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 64 1 121–135.
IEEE
[1]F. Taşkın, “The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom”, AUIFD, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 121–135, May 2023, doi: 10.33227/auifd.1258091.
ISNAD
Taşkın, Ferhat. “The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 64/1 (May 1, 2023): 121-135. https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1258091.
JAMA
1.Taşkın F. The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom. AUIFD. 2023;64:121–135.
MLA
Taşkın, Ferhat. “The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 64, no. 1, May 2023, pp. 121-35, doi:10.33227/auifd.1258091.
Vancouver
1.Ferhat Taşkın. The Free Will Defense and the Problem of Heavenly Freedom. AUIFD. 2023 May 1;64(1):121-35. doi:10.33227/auifd.1258091