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Religious Socialization of 1.5th and 2nd Generation Turkish Youth within Family: the Case of New Jersey, USA

Year 2012, , 36 - 71, 01.08.2012
https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001367

Abstract

Religious Socialization of 1.5th and 2nd Generation Turkish Youth within Family: the Case of New Jersey, USA Socialization is one of the important problems for immigrant families and cultural differences often lead to identity crisis among subsequent generations. This article offers a qualitative research on the religious socialization of Turkish children in the USA and their adaptation to the American values while preserving their own identity and culture. Data were collected, using the technique of “in-depth interviews” of the grounded theory, from a sample of eighteen respondents consisting of 1.5th and 2nd generation Turkish youth living in New Jersey, USA. This research aims to investigate the influence of family members in terms of the religious socialization of the respondents and evaluates the children’s expression of their families’ attitudes in five categories: belonging and loyalty, nostalgia, conflict, assimilation and finally hybrid socialization in two cultures, and analyze these through typologization

References

  • Alba, Richard. “Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany and the United States,” The Ethnic and Racial Studies 28:1 (2005), ss.20-49.
  • Anthony, F. Vincent, Chris Hermans & Carl Sterkens. “Religious Practice and Religious Socialization: Comparative Research among Christian, Muslim and Hindu Students in Tamilnadu, India,” Journal of Empirical Theology 20:1 (2007), ss.100-128.
  • Arslan, Mustafa. “Dini Sosyalleşmenin Temel Etkenleri: Türk Geç Ergenleri Arasında Uygulamalı Bir Araştırma,” Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 31 (2006), ss.61-78.
  • Arweck, Elisabeth & Eleanor Nesbitt. “Young People’s Identity Formation in Mixed Faith Families: Continuity or Discontinuity of Religious Traditions?” Journal of Contemporary Religion 25:1 (2010), ss.67-87.
  • ---------. “Close Encounters? The Intersection of Faith and Ethnicity in Mixed-Faith Families,” Journal of Beliefs and Values 3:1 (2010), ss.39-52.
  • ---------. “Plurality at Close Quarters: Mixed-Faith Families in the UK,” Journal of Religion in Europe 3 (2010), ss.155-182.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist; terc. Caryl Emerson & Michael Holquist. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1981.
  • Berger, Peter L.-Thomas Luckmann. Gerçekliğin Sosyal İnşası. Terc. Vefa S. Öğütlü. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık, 2008.
  • Jürgen Habermas, “Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitution State,” Charles Taylor &
  • Amy Gutman (ed.), Multiculturalism, Examining the Politics of Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994) içinde, s.139.
  • Grace Davie, Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), ss.3-5
  • Abby Day, “Believing in Belonging: An Ethnography of Young People’s Constructions of Belief,” Culture and Religion 10:3 (2009), s.263.
  • Cornwall, Marie. “The Influence of Three Agents of Religious Socialization: Family, Church, and Peers,” Darwin L. Thomas (ed.), The Religion and Family Connection: Social Science Perspectives (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1988) içinde, ss.207-231.
  • Çakır, Ruşen. Ayet ve Slogan: Türkiye’de İslami Oluşumlar. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 1991.
  • Çoştu, Yakup. “Toplumsallaşma Sürecinde Dindarlığı Etkileyen Faktörler,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, 19 Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, 2009.
  • Davie, Grace. Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
  • Day, Abby. “Believing in Belonging: An Ethnography of Young People’s Constructions of Belief,” Culture and Religion 10:3 (2009), ss.263-278.
  • Dunn, Judy. “Siblings and Socialization,” Joan E. Grusec & Paul D. Hastings (ed.), Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (New York: The Guilford Press, 2007) içinde, ss.309-327.
  • Ercan, Zeynep. “Making Sense of Schooling, Identity, and Culture: Experiences of Turkish Students and Their Parents,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2009.
  • ---------.“Looking at School from the House Window: Learning from Turkish-American Parents’ Experiences with Early Elementary Education in the United States,” Early Childhood Education Journal 38 (2010), ss.133-142.
  • Espin, Oliva M. Women Crossing Boundaries: A Psychology of Immigration and Transformations of Sexuality. Londra: Routledge, 1999.
  • Ghayur, M. Arif. “Muslims in the United States: Settlers and Visitors” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 454 (1981), ss.150-163.
  • Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier & Richard Appelbaum. Introduction to Sociology. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2005.
  • Glaser, Barony & Anselm Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967.
  • Göle, Nilüfer. Modern Mahrem. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 1991.
  • ---------. İç İçe Girişler: İslam ve Avrupa. Terc. Ali Berktay. Ankara, Metis Yayınları, 2010.
  • Günay, Ünver. Erzurum Kenti ve Çevre Köylerinde Dini Hayat. İstanbul: Erzurum Kitaplığı, 1999.
  • ---------. “Türkiye’de Dini Sosyalleşme,” Türkiye I. Din Eğitimi Semineri (Ankara: İlahiyat Vakfı Yayınları, 1981) içinde, ss.192-199.
  • Güngör, Özcan. “Modernizm Sürecinde Cami Cemaatinin Din Anlayışı (Batıkent Örneği),” Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, 2004.
  • ---------. “The Process of Religious Institutionalization of Turkish in the US,” International Journal of Business and Social Science 2:8 (2011), ss.211-222.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. “Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitution State,” Charles Taylor & Amy Gutman (ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Difference (Princeton: NJ, Princeton University Press, 1994) içinde, ss.107-148.
  • Hemming, Peter & Nicola Madge. “Researching Children, Youth and Religion: Identity, Complexity and Agency,” Childhood 19:1 (2011), ss.38-51.
  • Herberg, Will. Protestant, Catholic, and Jew: An Essay in the American Religious Sociology. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.
  • Himmelfarb, Harold. “Agents of Religious Socialization Among American Jews,”The Sociological Quarterly 20 (1979), ss.447-494.
  • Hyde, Kenneth E. Religion in Childhood and Adolescence: A Comprehensive Review of the Research. Birmingham, AL: REP, 1990.
  • Ibrahim, Awad. “The New Flâneur: Subaltern Cultural Studies, African Youth in Canada and the Semiology of In-betweenness,” Cultural Studies 22:2 (2008), ss.234-253.
  • Jacobson, Jessica. Islam in Transition: Religion and Identity among British Pakistani Youth. Londra: Routledge, 1998.
  • Johnstone, Ronald L. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. 6. baskı. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
  • Karpat, Kemal. “The Turks Finally Establish a Community in the United States,” International Journal of Turkish Studies 12:1-2 (2006), ss.167-186.
  • Kaya, İlhan. “Muslim American Identities and Diversity,” Journal of Geography 106:1 (2007), ss.29-35.
  • -------. Müslüman Amerikalılar. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları, 2007.
  • -------. “Identity and Space: The Case of Turkish Americans,” The Geographical Review 95:3 (2005), ss.425-440.
  • -------.“Shifting, Turkish American Identity Formations in the United States,”Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, The Florida State University, Florida, 2003.
  • Koştaş, Münir. Üniversite Öğrencilerinden Dine Bakış. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1995.
  • Köktaş, M. Emin. Türkiye’de Dini Hayat: (İzmir Örneği). İzmir: İşaret Yayınları,1993.
  • Küçükcan, Talip. “Avrupa’daki Türk Toplumunun Kimlik Arayışı,” Diyanet Aylık Dergi 2 (1994), ss.45-48.
  • Lee, Helen Morton. Tongans Overseas: Between Two Shores. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2003.
  • Long, Theodore E. & Jeffrey K. Hadden. “Religious Conversion and the Concept of Socialization: Integrating the Brainwashing and Drift Models,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 22:1 (1983), ss.1-14.
  • Min, Pyong Gap. “A Comparison of Post-1965 and Turn-of-the-Century Immigrants in Intergenerational Mobility and Cultural Transmission,” Journal of American Ethnic History 18: 3 (1999), ss. 65-94.
  • Min, Pyong Gap & Dae Young Kim. “Intergenerational Transmission of Religion and Culture: Korean Protestants in the U.S,” Sociology of Religion 66:3 (2005), ss.263-282.
  • Ozorak, Elizabeth W. “Social and Cognitive Influence on the Development of Religious Beliefs and Commitment in Adolescents,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28 (1989), ss.448-63.
  • Park, Jerry & Ecklund Howard. “Family and Religious Socialization for Asian American,” The Sociological Quarterly 48 (2007), ss.93-118.
  • Patterson, Charlotte J. & Paul D. Hastings. “Socialization in the Context of Family Diversity,” Joan E. Grusec & Paul D. Hastings (ed.), Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (New York: The Guilford Press, 2007) içinde, ss.328-355.
  • Polat, Fazlı. “Türk Toplumunda Zihniyet Oluşumu Açısından Dini Sosyalleşme ve Karşılaşılan Bazı Problemler,” A.Ü. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 19 (2002), ss.207-217.
  • Portes, Alejandro & Rubén G. Rumbaut. Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley ve Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Raj, Dhooleka Sarhad.“‘Who the Hell Do You Think You Are?’ Promoting Religious Identity among Young Hindus in Britain,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23:3 (2000), ss.535-558.
  • Rapley, Mark & Susan Hansen. “Socialization,” Bryan Turner (ed.), The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) içinde, ss.591- 592.
  • Rymarz, Richard & John Graham. “Going to Church: Attitudes to Church Attendance amongst Australian Core Catholic Youth,” Journal of Beliefs and Values 26:1 (2005), ss.55-64.
  • Sherkat, Darren. “Religious Socialization: Sources of Influence and Influences of Agency,” Michele Dillon (ed.), Handbook of Sociology of Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) içinde, ss.151-163.
  • Şenyürekli, Ayşem R. “Caring From a Distance: How Turkish Transnational Families Maintain Intergenerational Relationship,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, The University of Minnesota, Minnesota, 2007.
  • Şimşek, Eyüp. “Çocukluk Dönemi Dini Gelişim Özellikleri ve Din Eğitimi,” Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 4:1 (2004), ss.207-220.
  • Vaidyanathan, Brandon. “Religious Resources or Differential Returns? Early Religious Socialization and Declining Attendance in Emerging Adulthood,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 50:2 (2011), ss.366-387.
  • van Meijl, Toon. “Multicultural Adolescents Between Tradition and Postmodernity: Dialogical Self Theory and the Paradox of Localization and Globalization,” Hubert J. M. Hermans (ed.), Applications of Dialogical Self Theory, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, c.137 (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012) içinde, ss.39-52.
  • Warner, R. Stephen. “Work in Progress Toward a New Paradigm for the Sociological Study of Religion in the United States,” American Journal of Sociology 94 (1993), ss.93-104.
  • Webster, Colin. “Local Heroes: Violent Racism, Localism and Spacism among Asian and White Young People,” Youth and Policy 53 (1996), ss.15-27.
  • Woodward, Kathryn. Identity and Difference. Londra: Sage Publications, 1997.
  • Census, “Turkish Community”, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1 YR_B04003&prodType=table, 16.12.2011

1.5 ve 2. nesil Türk gençlerinin ailede dini sosyalleşmeleri: New Jersey, USA örneği

Year 2012, , 36 - 71, 01.08.2012
https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001367

Abstract

Bulunduğu ülkeden başka bir ülkeye göç eden ve yerleşen ailelerin karşılaştıkları en önemli sorun sosyalleşme olgusudur. İki ülkedeki dinî ve kültürel farklılığın fazla olması, sorunu daha da derinleştirmekte, özellikle de sonraki nesilleri entegrasyon ve asimilasyon arasında bir kimlik kriziyle baş başa bırakmaktadır. Bu makalede, Amerika’da yaşayan Türk ailelerin çocuklarının dinî sosyalleşmeleri üzerine gerçekleştirilen nitel bir araştırmanın sonuçları paylaşılmıştır. New Jersey eyaletinde yaşayan 1.5 ve 2. nesil Türk gençlerinin örneklem olarak belirlendiği araştırmada, yöntem olarak “gömülü teori”nin “derinlemesine görüşmeler” tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada anne, baba, kardeşler ve aile büyüklerinin dinî sosyalleşmeye etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede ailelerin tutumlarının çocuklar tarafından ifadelendirilmesinin bağlılık ve aidiyet, nostaljik özlem, çatışma, asimile ve melezleme şeklinde beş temel bileşen etrafında şekillendiği görülmüş, bu bileşenler ise tipolojikleştirilerek tahlil edilmiştir

References

  • Alba, Richard. “Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany and the United States,” The Ethnic and Racial Studies 28:1 (2005), ss.20-49.
  • Anthony, F. Vincent, Chris Hermans & Carl Sterkens. “Religious Practice and Religious Socialization: Comparative Research among Christian, Muslim and Hindu Students in Tamilnadu, India,” Journal of Empirical Theology 20:1 (2007), ss.100-128.
  • Arslan, Mustafa. “Dini Sosyalleşmenin Temel Etkenleri: Türk Geç Ergenleri Arasında Uygulamalı Bir Araştırma,” Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi 31 (2006), ss.61-78.
  • Arweck, Elisabeth & Eleanor Nesbitt. “Young People’s Identity Formation in Mixed Faith Families: Continuity or Discontinuity of Religious Traditions?” Journal of Contemporary Religion 25:1 (2010), ss.67-87.
  • ---------. “Close Encounters? The Intersection of Faith and Ethnicity in Mixed-Faith Families,” Journal of Beliefs and Values 3:1 (2010), ss.39-52.
  • ---------. “Plurality at Close Quarters: Mixed-Faith Families in the UK,” Journal of Religion in Europe 3 (2010), ss.155-182.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist; terc. Caryl Emerson & Michael Holquist. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1981.
  • Berger, Peter L.-Thomas Luckmann. Gerçekliğin Sosyal İnşası. Terc. Vefa S. Öğütlü. İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık, 2008.
  • Jürgen Habermas, “Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitution State,” Charles Taylor &
  • Amy Gutman (ed.), Multiculturalism, Examining the Politics of Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994) içinde, s.139.
  • Grace Davie, Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), ss.3-5
  • Abby Day, “Believing in Belonging: An Ethnography of Young People’s Constructions of Belief,” Culture and Religion 10:3 (2009), s.263.
  • Cornwall, Marie. “The Influence of Three Agents of Religious Socialization: Family, Church, and Peers,” Darwin L. Thomas (ed.), The Religion and Family Connection: Social Science Perspectives (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1988) içinde, ss.207-231.
  • Çakır, Ruşen. Ayet ve Slogan: Türkiye’de İslami Oluşumlar. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 1991.
  • Çoştu, Yakup. “Toplumsallaşma Sürecinde Dindarlığı Etkileyen Faktörler,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, 19 Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, 2009.
  • Davie, Grace. Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing without Belonging. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
  • Day, Abby. “Believing in Belonging: An Ethnography of Young People’s Constructions of Belief,” Culture and Religion 10:3 (2009), ss.263-278.
  • Dunn, Judy. “Siblings and Socialization,” Joan E. Grusec & Paul D. Hastings (ed.), Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (New York: The Guilford Press, 2007) içinde, ss.309-327.
  • Ercan, Zeynep. “Making Sense of Schooling, Identity, and Culture: Experiences of Turkish Students and Their Parents,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2009.
  • ---------.“Looking at School from the House Window: Learning from Turkish-American Parents’ Experiences with Early Elementary Education in the United States,” Early Childhood Education Journal 38 (2010), ss.133-142.
  • Espin, Oliva M. Women Crossing Boundaries: A Psychology of Immigration and Transformations of Sexuality. Londra: Routledge, 1999.
  • Ghayur, M. Arif. “Muslims in the United States: Settlers and Visitors” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 454 (1981), ss.150-163.
  • Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier & Richard Appelbaum. Introduction to Sociology. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2005.
  • Glaser, Barony & Anselm Strauss. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967.
  • Göle, Nilüfer. Modern Mahrem. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 1991.
  • ---------. İç İçe Girişler: İslam ve Avrupa. Terc. Ali Berktay. Ankara, Metis Yayınları, 2010.
  • Günay, Ünver. Erzurum Kenti ve Çevre Köylerinde Dini Hayat. İstanbul: Erzurum Kitaplığı, 1999.
  • ---------. “Türkiye’de Dini Sosyalleşme,” Türkiye I. Din Eğitimi Semineri (Ankara: İlahiyat Vakfı Yayınları, 1981) içinde, ss.192-199.
  • Güngör, Özcan. “Modernizm Sürecinde Cami Cemaatinin Din Anlayışı (Batıkent Örneği),” Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, 2004.
  • ---------. “The Process of Religious Institutionalization of Turkish in the US,” International Journal of Business and Social Science 2:8 (2011), ss.211-222.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. “Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitution State,” Charles Taylor & Amy Gutman (ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Difference (Princeton: NJ, Princeton University Press, 1994) içinde, ss.107-148.
  • Hemming, Peter & Nicola Madge. “Researching Children, Youth and Religion: Identity, Complexity and Agency,” Childhood 19:1 (2011), ss.38-51.
  • Herberg, Will. Protestant, Catholic, and Jew: An Essay in the American Religious Sociology. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.
  • Himmelfarb, Harold. “Agents of Religious Socialization Among American Jews,”The Sociological Quarterly 20 (1979), ss.447-494.
  • Hyde, Kenneth E. Religion in Childhood and Adolescence: A Comprehensive Review of the Research. Birmingham, AL: REP, 1990.
  • Ibrahim, Awad. “The New Flâneur: Subaltern Cultural Studies, African Youth in Canada and the Semiology of In-betweenness,” Cultural Studies 22:2 (2008), ss.234-253.
  • Jacobson, Jessica. Islam in Transition: Religion and Identity among British Pakistani Youth. Londra: Routledge, 1998.
  • Johnstone, Ronald L. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. 6. baskı. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
  • Karpat, Kemal. “The Turks Finally Establish a Community in the United States,” International Journal of Turkish Studies 12:1-2 (2006), ss.167-186.
  • Kaya, İlhan. “Muslim American Identities and Diversity,” Journal of Geography 106:1 (2007), ss.29-35.
  • -------. Müslüman Amerikalılar. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları, 2007.
  • -------. “Identity and Space: The Case of Turkish Americans,” The Geographical Review 95:3 (2005), ss.425-440.
  • -------.“Shifting, Turkish American Identity Formations in the United States,”Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, The Florida State University, Florida, 2003.
  • Koştaş, Münir. Üniversite Öğrencilerinden Dine Bakış. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 1995.
  • Köktaş, M. Emin. Türkiye’de Dini Hayat: (İzmir Örneği). İzmir: İşaret Yayınları,1993.
  • Küçükcan, Talip. “Avrupa’daki Türk Toplumunun Kimlik Arayışı,” Diyanet Aylık Dergi 2 (1994), ss.45-48.
  • Lee, Helen Morton. Tongans Overseas: Between Two Shores. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2003.
  • Long, Theodore E. & Jeffrey K. Hadden. “Religious Conversion and the Concept of Socialization: Integrating the Brainwashing and Drift Models,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 22:1 (1983), ss.1-14.
  • Min, Pyong Gap. “A Comparison of Post-1965 and Turn-of-the-Century Immigrants in Intergenerational Mobility and Cultural Transmission,” Journal of American Ethnic History 18: 3 (1999), ss. 65-94.
  • Min, Pyong Gap & Dae Young Kim. “Intergenerational Transmission of Religion and Culture: Korean Protestants in the U.S,” Sociology of Religion 66:3 (2005), ss.263-282.
  • Ozorak, Elizabeth W. “Social and Cognitive Influence on the Development of Religious Beliefs and Commitment in Adolescents,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28 (1989), ss.448-63.
  • Park, Jerry & Ecklund Howard. “Family and Religious Socialization for Asian American,” The Sociological Quarterly 48 (2007), ss.93-118.
  • Patterson, Charlotte J. & Paul D. Hastings. “Socialization in the Context of Family Diversity,” Joan E. Grusec & Paul D. Hastings (ed.), Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (New York: The Guilford Press, 2007) içinde, ss.328-355.
  • Polat, Fazlı. “Türk Toplumunda Zihniyet Oluşumu Açısından Dini Sosyalleşme ve Karşılaşılan Bazı Problemler,” A.Ü. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 19 (2002), ss.207-217.
  • Portes, Alejandro & Rubén G. Rumbaut. Immigrant America: A Portrait. Berkeley ve Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006.
  • Raj, Dhooleka Sarhad.“‘Who the Hell Do You Think You Are?’ Promoting Religious Identity among Young Hindus in Britain,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23:3 (2000), ss.535-558.
  • Rapley, Mark & Susan Hansen. “Socialization,” Bryan Turner (ed.), The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) içinde, ss.591- 592.
  • Rymarz, Richard & John Graham. “Going to Church: Attitudes to Church Attendance amongst Australian Core Catholic Youth,” Journal of Beliefs and Values 26:1 (2005), ss.55-64.
  • Sherkat, Darren. “Religious Socialization: Sources of Influence and Influences of Agency,” Michele Dillon (ed.), Handbook of Sociology of Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) içinde, ss.151-163.
  • Şenyürekli, Ayşem R. “Caring From a Distance: How Turkish Transnational Families Maintain Intergenerational Relationship,” Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, The University of Minnesota, Minnesota, 2007.
  • Şimşek, Eyüp. “Çocukluk Dönemi Dini Gelişim Özellikleri ve Din Eğitimi,” Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 4:1 (2004), ss.207-220.
  • Vaidyanathan, Brandon. “Religious Resources or Differential Returns? Early Religious Socialization and Declining Attendance in Emerging Adulthood,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 50:2 (2011), ss.366-387.
  • van Meijl, Toon. “Multicultural Adolescents Between Tradition and Postmodernity: Dialogical Self Theory and the Paradox of Localization and Globalization,” Hubert J. M. Hermans (ed.), Applications of Dialogical Self Theory, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, c.137 (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012) içinde, ss.39-52.
  • Warner, R. Stephen. “Work in Progress Toward a New Paradigm for the Sociological Study of Religion in the United States,” American Journal of Sociology 94 (1993), ss.93-104.
  • Webster, Colin. “Local Heroes: Violent Racism, Localism and Spacism among Asian and White Young People,” Youth and Policy 53 (1996), ss.15-27.
  • Woodward, Kathryn. Identity and Difference. Londra: Sage Publications, 1997.
  • Census, “Turkish Community”, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1 YR_B04003&prodType=table, 16.12.2011
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA87DK98HY
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özcan Güngör This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012

Cite

Chicago Güngör, Özcan. “1.5 Ve 2. Nesil Türk gençlerinin Ailede Dini sosyalleşmeleri: New Jersey, USA örneği”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 53, no. 2 (August 2012): 36-71. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001367.

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