Yeni Göç ve İltica Paktı Bağlamında Avrupa Birliği’nin Geri Dönüş Politikası Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Geri dönüş politikası, Avrupa Birliği’nin entegrasyon temelinde inşa etmeyi hedeflediği ve bu yönde politikalar ürettiği bir alandır. Geri dönüşün gönüllü yollarla gerçekleşmesi yönünde politikaları teşvik eden Birlik, Haziran 2024’te kabul edilen Yeni Göç ve İltica Paktı ile etkin, hızlı, temel haklara saygılı ve adil bir geri dönüş politikası oluşturmayı hedeflemiştir. Ancak, mevcut durumda Birlik tarafından inşa edilen hukuki ve politik temellerin insan hakları ihlalleri yaratacağı ve zorunlu geri dönüşü teşvik edeceği yönünde endişeler giderek artmakta ve Birliğin güvenlikleştirmeyi öncelikleyerek temel değerleri ile çatıştığı yönünde eleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Birliğin geri dönüş politikasını Yeni Göç ve İltica Paktı kapsamında tartışmaktır. Bu amaçla, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden belge analizine başvurularak Avrupa Birliği tarafından yayınlanan Direktif, Konsey Kararı ve strateji belgeleri gibi hukuki ve politik belgelerin taraması yapılmış, Birliğin geri dönüş politikasına yönelik argümanlar betimleyici belge analizi tekniği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuç, Birliğin gönüllü geri dönüş stratejisinin aksine zorla geri dönüş yönündeki uygulamaları güçlendirdiği ve güvenlik kaygısıyla hareket ederek insan hakları ihlallerine neden olabilecek uygulamalara zemin hazırladığı yönündedir.

Keywords

• Avrupa Birliği
• Geri Dönüş Politikası
• Gönüllü Geri Dönüş
• Zorunlu Geri Dönüş
• Yeni Göç ve İltica Paktı

An Evaluation on the European Union's Return Policy in the Context of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum

Abstract

Return policy is a strategy that the European Union aims to build on the basis of integration and produces policies in this direction. The Union, which encourages voluntary return policies, aims to establish an effective, fast, respectful of fundamental rights and fair return policy with the New Migration and Asylum Pact adopted in June 2024. However, there are growing concerns that the legal and policy foundations currently being built by the Union will create human rights violations and encourage forced return, and the Union has been criticised for conflicting with its core values by prioritising securitisation. The aim of this study is to discuss the return policy of the Union in the context of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. For this purpose, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used to scan legal and political documents such as Directives, Council Decisions and strategy documents published by the European Union, and the arguments for the return policy of the Union were evaluated by descriptive document analysis technique. The result obtained is that the Union strengthens the practices of forced return contrary to the voluntary return strategy and prepares the ground for practices that may cause human rights violations by acting with security concerns.

Keywords

• European Union
• Return Policy
• Voluntary Return
• Forced Return
• New Migration and Asylum Pact

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